Research progress on precious Tibetan medicine formula in prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases / 中国中药杂志

Precious Tibetan medicine formula is a characteristic type of medicine commonly used in the clinical treatment of central nervous system diseases. Through the summary of modern research on the precious Tibetan medicine formulas such as Ratnasampil, Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills, Ershiwewei Shanhu Pills, and Ruyi Zhenbao Pills, it is found that they have obvious advantages in the treatment of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, angioneurotic headache, and vascular dementia. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the mechanisms of precious Tibetan medicine formulas in improving central nervous system diseases are that they promote microcirculation of brain tissue, regulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, alleviate inflammation, relieve oxidative stress damage, and inhibit nerve cell apoptosis. This review summarizes the clinical and pharmacological studies on precious Tibetan medicine formulas in prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases, aiming to provide a reference for future in-depth research and innovative discovery of Tibetan medicine against central nervous diseases.

Mechanism of Xiao Chaihutang in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease： Based on Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experimental Verification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanism of Xiao Chaihutang （XCHT） in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease （AD） based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics. MethodThe active components of XCHT and corresponding targets were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and the differentially expressed genes related to AD were searched from Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO）. Thereby， the common targets of XCHT and AD were yielded， followed by Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis of the common targets. The component-target network and protein–protein interaction （PPI） network were constructed. Furthermore， amyloid β-protein （Aβ）1-40 was used to induce AD in PC12 cells and then the AD cells were intervened with XCHT. Afterward， cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8） assay and cell morphology was observed based on 4'，6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） staining. Cell membrane potential was determined and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry， and cellular immunofluorescence detects the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）/Bcl-2-related X protein （Bax）. Moreover， immunofluorescence assay was performed. ResultA total of 190 active components and 41 anti-AD targets of XCHT were screened out. The key components included mairin， quercetin， berberine， protoporphyrin， 24-ethylcholest-4-en-3-one， and β-D-ribofuranoside， and the core targets were sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 （SIGMAR1）， checkpoint kinase 1 （CHEK1）， protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 （PTPN6）， protein kinase C（PRKCH）， inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta （IKBKB）， cathepsin D （CTSD）， cysteine aspartate protease-3 （Caspase-3）， Bax， and Bcl-2-like protein 1 （Bcl-2L1）. The anti-AD targets of XCHT were involved in 302 GO terms （P < 0.05）， particularly the regulation of neuronal cell apoptosis， and 73 KEGG pathways （P<0.05）. The major pathways and biological processes included the apoptosis pathway， virus infection pathway， lipid and atherosclerosis pathway， and cancer-related pathways. In the in vitro experiment， the model group demonstrated the decrease in cell survival rate （P<0.05）， increase in apoptosis rate （P<0.05）， and down-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax ratio compared with the blank control. Compared with the model group， XCFT group showed the increase in cell survival rate （P<0.05）， decrease in apoptosis rate （P<0.05）， and up-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. ConclusionBased on network pharmacology， this study reveals the multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway characteristics of XCHT in the treatment of AD， laying a foundation for further research on the material basis and mechanism of this prescription.

Integrated health service in Canada:Practice and implications / 中国卫生政策研究

This paper systematically reviews the latest and relevant literatures and policy documents on the in-tegrated health services in Canada in recent years. Therefore, it summarizes the practice and mode of integrated serv-ice delivery in Ontario, Alberta and Quebec wherein the integration among health organization, health service team, and a series of health services are included. The contributing factors and impeding factors ( the barriers) of organiza-tional integration and specific integration strategy were summarized. Finally, according to the actual practical situa-tion, it is proposed that China should adhere to the government-led approach in promoting the integration of health services, and give a full play to the positive role of the market mechanism. Through strengthening the network man-agement and group service of primary health services, emphasis will be put on health services of population groups and specific diseases. Therefore, integration will be regarded as a strategic priority, increasing incentives and boos-ting promotion of nursing personnel on the process of Integrated Service Delivery, building the health information sys-tem that is conducive to integration in order to continuously advance Hierarchical Diagnosis and bridge the fragmented service system. This will help in providing residents with personalized, convenient, comprehensive, and continuous health services.

A study of the substance dependence effect of the ethanolic extract and iridoid-rich fraction from Valeriana jatamansi Jones in mice.

BACKGROUND: Recently we found the ethanolic extract and iridoid-rich fraction from Valeriana jatamansi Jones, which is a traditional Chinese medicine exhibited anxiolytic properties. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to the substance dependence effect of the ethanolic extract and iridoid-rich fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included two experiments: Mice were given orally with ethanolic extract for 12 weeks or iridoid-rich fraction for 16 weeks in experiment I and experiment II, respectively. Diazepam was used as a control drug and the normal mice groups were administered with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose Na in both experiments. All groups were administered twice daily. Natural withdrawal symptoms, withdrawal-induced body weight change, audiogenic tail-erection test (in experiment I), and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion test (in experiment II) were measured. RESULTS: (1) Compared to normal group in both experiments, the diazepam-treated group exhibited obvious withdrawal symptoms of tail-erection, irritability, teeth chattering, etc; the body weight of them after withdrawal had a period of significant loss (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); and the ratios of tail-erection and seizure in two experiments were improved significantly when mice were induced by mixer noise ringtone (experiment I) or PTZ (experiment II) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).(2) In experiment I and II, there were no significant differences between mice that received ethanolic extract or iridoid-rich fraction and normal group in terms of natural withdrawal symptoms and withdrawal-induced body weight change (P > 0.05); in audiogenic tail-erection test, it found that the significant difference compared with normal group was just in ethanolic extract 900 mg/kg dose group on week 8 (P < 0.05); in PTZ-induced convulsion test, mice in iridoid-rich fraction groups had a slightly tail-erection and seizure, all results of them were with no significant difference compare to normal mice (P > 0.05), while significant lower than diazepam group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: (1) The two experiments successfully established the physical dependence of diazepam by gradually increasing the dose.(2)There were just a few mice received with ethanolic extract for 12 weeks or iridoid-rich fraction for 16 weeks appearing some slight withdrawal symptoms after precipitated withdrawal, but it didn't show significant difference compared to normal mice. Therefore, these indicated that the risks of potential drug dependence about ethanolic extract and iridoid-rich fraction were far lower than that of diazepam.

The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the key organs derived from Kidney (Shen)-yang deficiency syndrome mice / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore an approach to rapidly and accurately identify the compounds as biomarkers of Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry was applied to investigate the characteristic components of a mice model of Kidney (Shen)-yang deficiency syndrome (KDS), and the remedial effect of a typical CM formula Shenqi Pill (). Thirty-six females and 18 males of Balb/c mice were randomly divided into KDS, Shenqi or control group. The females and males of the same group freely were mated for 96 h, and the males were taken out and only the female mice were raised. Females of the KDS group were threatened by a ferocious cat every other day for 14 d. After delivery, the KDS, or gestational threatened, offspring were raised at standard condition for 11 weeks. Then 10 male offspring were randomly selected, anaesthetized and their representative organs, i.e. testes, kidneys, lungs and feet were collected, for the FT-IR scan. Mice of the Shenqi group were intragastric administered Shenqi Pill; while mice in the KDS and control groups were given the same volume of saline.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The attenuated birth outcomes of the KDS group were displayed. The remarkable FT-IR differences of all organs between KDS mice and healthy control were mainly at 1,735-1,745 cm(-1) (indicating the increased levels of lipids) and at 1,640-1,647 cm(-1) and 1,539-1,544 cm(-1) (displaying the decreased proteins). No statistic FT-IR difference between Shenqi and control mice was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In accordance with major traits of KDS, prenatal stress extensively impaired the building up of proteins and resulting in the excessive lipid storage, and FT-IR could effectively identify the biomarkers of KDS.</p>

A comparative study on the photoselective vaporization of the prostate and transurethral electrovaporization resection of prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effects of the greenlight photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP) and transurethral electrovaporization resection of prostate (TUVP) for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-three cases of BPH were treated with PVP and TUVP. All patients were followed up with International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), blood loss, operative time, indwelling catheterization, mean Qmax, residual urinary volume (RUV) and operative complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IPSS, QOL, Qmax and RUV were significantly improved after either of the procedures (P < 0.05), no significant difference in the improvement of subjective symptoms and objective signs had been noted with the different procedure (P > 0.05). Mean operative time was (37 +/- 15) min for TUVP and (45 +/- 28) min for PVP, the resection time was longer for PVP than TUVP (P > 0.05), but the intraoperative bleeding and catheterization time were less for PVP than TUVP (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications were less for PVP than TUVP (P < 0.05). The incidence of hematuria in TUVP group had been 41.4%, and urinary irritation after PVP group was 55.2% (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PVP has the same therapeutic effect as TUVP and less adverse side effects than TUVP. It is a new technique for the treatment symptomatic BPH.</p>

Research on gene expression of warm-hot drug treating cold syndrome / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic molecular mechanism of the warm-hot drugs treating cold syndrome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A brother and his sister with deficiency-cold syndrome were chosen and treated with appropriate Chinese formula consisted chiefly of warm-hot drugs for 45 days. Then microarray technique was applied for comparing the gene expression difference of sister who had significant effect, the data was dialed with multiple analysis method and the results were mined though gene function and pathway.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>276 differential genes were obtained, which were related to metabolism and 18 pathways.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Warm-hot drugs work on the gene expression of metabolism. It may be exerting the curative action by gene network and there is distinct difference between gene expression of curative effect and syndrome.</p>

Function of pancreatic islet beta cells and features of TCM symptoms and syndromes in the non-diabetic first-grade relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the function of pancreatic islet beta cells, insulin resistance (IR) and features of TCM symptoms and syndromes in the non-diabetic first-grade relatives (ND1GR) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 68 ND1GR of DM2 patients were enrolled in the observed group and 45 healthy subjects with matched sex, age and body mass index (BMI) but without family history of DM were selected into the control group. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hrs postprandial glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and 2 hrs postprandial insulin (2h INS) in all the subjects were measured to calculate and compare the IR and beta-cell function of the homeostatic model analog (HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta), and the insulin sensitive index (ISI). Moreover, the symptoms manifested in the ND1GR were also observed to analyze the features in them.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>FBG and FINS were obviously higher in the observed group than those in the control group (P < 0.01), while no significant difference was found in 2hPG or 2h INS (P > 0.05). HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and ISI were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the observed group than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, the main symptoms such as dark purplish tongue, listlessness, thready and thin pulse, lassitude in loin and legs in the observed group were seen more frequently. In the observed group syndrome of deficiency of Qi and Yin accounted for 51.47%, syndrome of deficiency of Yin for 30.88%, subjects with syndrome of blood stasis as the main accompanying syndrome accounts for 61.76%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Higher beta cell secretion function and lower insulin sensitivity appear in ND1GR of DM2 patients, suggesting the existence of insulin resistance. The feature of TCM syndrome in them is characterized by deficiency of Qi and Yin with inner obstruction of blood stasis.</p>

Clinical observation on effect of xuefu zhuyu decoction in treating patients with liver fibrosis caused by chronic hepatitis B / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XZD) on the chronic hepatitis B caused liver fibrosis (CHBLF) and the portal hemodynamics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with CHBLF were randomly divided into two groups, the 28 patients in the treated group were treated with oral intake of XZD and conventional liver protective treatment, the 32 patients in the control group were treated with conventional liver protective treatment alone, the therapeutic course for both groups was 3 months. Serum liver fibrosis criteria and portal dynamical criteria were observed before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparison of the remarkable effective rate between the two groups showed significant difference. After treatment, in the treated group, all the serum criteria for liver fibrosis (HA, PCIII, LN) and criteria for portal trunk hemodynamics, such as mean velocity and quantity of blood flow were significantly improved (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), as compared with those in the control group, the difference was also significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>XZD has definite therapeutic effect on chronic hepatitis B caused liver fibrosis.</p>

Therapeutic Effect of Qi-reinforcing and Yin-nourishing Medicated Diet for Early Diabetic Nephropathy / 广州中医药大学学报

0.05). The effect of group A was better than that of group B in relieving symptoms and improving routine blood and urine examination indexes, MG and urinary creatinine levels, blood lipid content and renal function (P