Ecophysiology of the Actinobacteria in activated sludge systems.

This review considers what is known about the Actinobacteria in activated sludge systems, their abundance and their functional roles there. Participation in processes leading to the microbiological removal of phosphate and in the operational problems of bulking and foaming are discussed in terms of their ecophysiological traits. We consider critically whether elucidation of their nutritional requirements and other physiological properties allow us to understand better what might affect their survival capabilities in these highly competitive systems. Furthermore, how this information might allow us to improve how these processes work is discussed.