RESUMEN
The gut microbiota is increasingly considered as a symbiotic partner in the maintenance of good health. Metagenomic approaches could help to discover how the complex gut microbial ecosystem participates in the control of the host's brain development and function, and could be relevant for future therapeutic developments, such as probiotics, prebiotics and nutritional approaches for psychiatric disorders. Previous reviews focused on the effects of microbiota on the central nervous system in in vitro and animal studies. The aim of the present review is to synthetize the current data on the association between microbiota dysbiosis and onset and/or maintenance of major psychiatric disorders, and to explore potential therapeutic opportunities targeting microbiota dysbiosis in psychiatric patients.
Asunto(s)
Disbiosis/dietoterapia , Trastornos Mentales/dietoterapia , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Prebióticos , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Disbiosis/complicaciones , Disbiosis/microbiología , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/complicaciones , Trastornos Mentales/microbiología , Prebióticos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of adhesion molecules on monocytes/macrophages (Mphi) from peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and inflammatory joint diseases (rheumatoid (RA) and reactive arthritis (ReA)) in order to improve our understanding of the possible mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process. METHODS: Whole blood and SF cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies against CD11a (LFA-1), CD15 s (sialyl-Lewis X), CD44, CD54, VLA-4, and HLA-DR counterstained with anti-CD14 antibodies as a Mphi marker for dual fluorescence analysis by flowcytometry. RESULTS: On PB-Mphi, CD15s was markedly increased in both RA as well as ReA compared with OA. Furthermore, in the PB LFA-1, CD44, and HLA-DR showed a higher surface density on Mphi in ReA than in OA. Comparison between SF and PB showed significantly higher CD44 and CD54 expression on SF-Mphi. These molecules play an important part in lymphocyte-Mphi interaction. CONCLUSION: In PB from patients with inflammatory joint diseases, Mphi are activated, allowing recruitment into the synovial compartment. These disorders, in contrast with OA seem to be "systemic" in nature. Within the SF, different adhesion molecules are expressed on CD14(+) Mphi as compared with PB.