Biogenic synthesis of ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis and Origanum vulgare L. leaves extract for spectroscopic estimation of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in commercial formulations.

The current study describes the biogenic synthesis of two metal oxides zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis, and Origanum vulgare L. leaves extract, respectively. The synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles were investigated using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to confirm the formation of their nanostructures. Accurate and precise spectrofluorometric probes were proposed for the quantification of Ofloxacin (OFX) and Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) in their bulk and commercial formulations. The extraordinary properties of Zinc oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs and Al2O3NPs) enhance the fluorescence intensity in the presence of 0.5 mL and 1.0 mL of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 1.0% w/v) as organizing agent for the detection of OFX and CPFX, respectively. The optical detection of both drugs at λex/em range 250-700 nm displayed linearity with a main correlation coefficient >0.999 at 1-300 (OFX-SDS-ZnONPs) and 0.5-100 (OFX-SDS-Al2O3NPs) ng mL-1,10-400 (CPFX-SDS-ZnONPs) and 0.1-50 (CPFX-SDS-Al2O3NPs) ng mL-1. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 0.04, 0.03, and 0.02, 0.04 ng mL-1, 0.13, 0.10, and 7.24, 0.09 ng mL-1 for the above-mentioned fluorescence systems, respectively. The suggested spectrofluorometric probes were validated and potentially applied for the estimation of OFX and CPFX in their bulk and commercial formulations.

Biogenic sunflower oil-chitosan decorated fly ash nanocomposite film using white shrimp shell waste: Antibacterial and immunomodulatory potential.

A new sunflower oil-chitosan decorated fly ash (sunflower oil/FA-CSNPs) bionanocomposite film was synthesized using the extract of Litopenaeus vannamei (White shrimp) and evaluated as an antibacterial and immunomodulatory agent. Fly ash-chitosan nanoparticles were produced by using chitosan (CS) isolated from white shrimp extract, glacial acetic acid and sodium tripolyphosphate solution as cross-linkage. The ultrafine polymeric sunflower oil-CS film was fabricated by treating fly ash-chitosan nanoparticles with sunflower oil in glacial acetic acid under continuous stirring for 24 h. The nanostructure of the fabricated polymeric film was confirmed and characterized by different microscopic and spectroscopic approaches. The surface morphology of pre-synthesized bionanocomposite film was found to be homogenous, even and without cracks and pores. The crystallinity of formed bionanocomposite film was noticed at angles (2θ) at 12.65°, 15.21°, 19.04°, 23.26°, 34.82°, and 37.23° in the XRD spectrum. The fabricated film displayed excellent stability up to 380 °C. The formed sunflower oil/FA-CSNPs bionanocomposite film showed promising antibacterial towards Bacillus subtilis with highest zone of inhibition of 34 mm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zone of inhibition of 28 nm. The as-synthesized bionanocomposite film exhibited highest cell viability effect (98.95%), followed by FA-CSNPs (83.25%) at 200 µg mL-1 concentrations. The bionanocomposite film exerted notable immunomodulatory effect by promoting phagocytosis and enhancing the production of cytokines (NO, IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α) in macrophage-derived RAW264.7 cell line.

Comparative Study for Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Using Aluminum Metal Transfer Chelation Complex and Biogenic Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Using Lavandula spica Flowers Extract.

The existing study pronounces two newly developed spectrofluorimetric probes for the assay of ambroxol hydrochloride in its authentic and commercial formulations using an aluminum chelating complex and a biogenically mediated and synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) from Lavandula spica flower extract. The first probe is based on the formation of an aluminum charge transfer complex. However, the second probe is based on the effect of the unique optical characteristics of Al2O3NPs in the enhancement of fluorescence detection. The biogenically synthesized Al2O3NPs were confirmed using various spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. The fluorescence detections in the two probes were measured at a λex of 260 and 244 and a λem of 460 and 369 nm for the two suggested probes, respectively. The findings showed that the fluorescence intensity (FI) covered linear concentration ranges of 0.1-200 ng mL-1 and 1.0-100 ng mL-1 with a regression of ˃0.999 for AMH-Al2O3NPs-SDS and AMH-Al(NO3)3-SDS, respectively. The lower detection and quantification limits were evaluated and found to be 0.04 and 0.1 ng mL-1 and 0.7 and 0.1 ng/mL-1 for the abovementioned fluorescence probes, respectively. The two suggested probes were successfully applied for the assay of ambroxol hydrochloride (AMH) with excellent percentage recoveries of 99.65% and 99.85%, respectively. Excipients such as glycerol and benzoic acid used as additives in pharmaceutical preparations, several common cations, and amino acids, as well as sugars, were all found to have no interference with the approach.

Facile multifunctional-mode of fabricated biocompatible human serum albumin/reduced graphene oxide/Cladophora glomeratananoparticles for bacteriostatic phototherapy, bacterial tracking and antioxidant potential.

To overcome multi-drug resistance in microbes, highly efficient antimicrobial substances are required that have a controllable antibacterial effect and are biocompatible. In the present study, an efficient phototherapeutic antibacterial agent, human serum albumin (HSA)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Cladophora glomeratabionanocomposite was synthesized by the incorporation of rGO nanoparticles with HSA, forming protein-rGO, and decorated with a natural freshwater seaweedCladophora glomerata. The prepared HSA/rGO/Cladophora glomeratabionanocomposite was characterized by spectroscopic (UV-vis, FTIR, XRD and Raman) and microscopic (TEM and SEM) techniques. The as-synthesized bionanocomposite showed that sunlight/NIR irradiation stimulated ROS-generating dual-phototherapic effects against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The bionanocomposite exerted strong antibacterial effects (above 96 %) against amoxicillin-resistantP. aeruginosaandS. aureus, in contrast to single-model-phototherapy. The bionanocomposite not only generated abundant ROS for killing bacteria, but also expressed a fluorescence image for bacterial tracking under sunlight/NIR irradiation. Additionally, the bionanocomposite displayed pronounced antioxidant activity.

Biogenic green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Saussurea costus biomasses for a comprehensive detection of their antimicrobial, cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and photocatalysis potentials.

Distinct morphological MgO nanoparticles (MgONPs) were synthesized using biomasses of Saussurea costus roots. The biomass of two varieties of Saussurea costus (Qustal hindi and Qustal bahri) were used in the green synthesis of MgONPs. The physical and chemical features of nanoparticles were confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The surface morphology of the obtained nanoparticles was detected at different magnifications by SEM and TEM microscopy and the size of nanoparticles were found to be 30 and 34 nm for Qustal hindi and Qustal bahri, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared MgONPs was screened against six pathogenic strains. The synthesized nanoparticles by Qustal bahri biomass exerted significant inhibition zones 15, 16, 18, 17, 14, and 10 mm against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata, S. aureus and B. subtilis as compared to those from Qustal hindi 12, 8 and 17 mm against B. subtilis, E. coli and C. tropicalis, respectively. MgONPs showed a potential cytotoxicity effect against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Cellular investigations of MgONPs revealed that the prepared nanoparticles by Qustal bahri exhibited high cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cell lines. IC50 values in MCF-7 cells were found to be 67.3% and 52.1% for MgONPs of Saussurea costus biomasses, respectively. Also, the photocatalytic activity of MgONPs of each Saussurea costus variety was comparatively studied. They exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue after UV irradiation for 1 h as 92% and 59% for those prepared by Qustal bahri and Qustal hindi, respectively. Outcome of results revealed that the biosynthesized MgONPs showed promising biomedical potentials.