Investigation of Zinc on hemorheological parameters in a rat model of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex, chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired regulation of blood glucose levels. Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace elements that plays a role in various physiological processes within the body, including those related to diabetes. The current study was investigated the effect of Zn supplementation on hemorheological parameters in a rat model of DM. After induction of DM, 32 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, Zn, DM, and Zn+DM. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) was determined by using digital cone and plate viscometer and plasma viscosity (PV) was determined by a Coulter Harkness capillary viscometer. The rats in the DM Group showed a decrease in both Zn levels and body weight, as well as an increase in glucose levels when compared to the control group. Diabetic rats supplemented with Zn displayed lower blood glucose levels and higher concentrations of Zn compared to the DM Group. The higher PV and lower hematocrit level were measured in DM Group than control group and lower PV, higher hematocrit level were measured in Zn+DM group than DM Group. The WBV was measured at four different shear rates (57.6-115.2 - 172.8-230.4 s -1). A statistically significant increase was observed in the DM group compared to the control group. Additionally, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the Zn+DM Group compared to the DM Group at a shear rate of 230.4 s-1. Erythrocyte rigidity index (Tk) and oxygen delivery index (ODI) were computed under conditions of high shear rate. The rats in the DM group exhibited a reduction in ODI and an elevation in Tk in comparison to the control group. Conversely, the diabetic rats supplemented with Zn exhibited decreased Tk and increased ODI compared to the DM Group. Zn supplementation seems to have a potential beneficial effect for protecting adverse affect of diabetes on hemorheogical parameters and for maintaining vascular health.

Amounts of tissue magnesium and some trace elements in cats with mammary tumors related to various clinicopathological parameters.

BACKGROUND: Mammary tumors are one of the major malignancies seen in cats. Researchers have indicated the similarity between the epidemiological and clinicopathological patterns of feline mammary tumors and human breast cancer (HBC). In recent years, the investigation of trace elements in cancer tissues becomes prevalent in HBC due to the role of these elements in biochemical and physiological processes. This study, it is aimed to evaluate some trace elements in feline mammary tumors according to clinical and pathological findings. METHODS: A total of 60 tumoral masses from 16 female cats with mammary tumors were included in the study. The study groups were formed according to histopathology as malignant epithelial tumor (MET; n = 39) and hyperplasia and dysplasia (H&D; n = 21). Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn) trace elements in mammary tissues were analyzed by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The mean age and weight of the cats were 11.75 ± 0.75 years and 3.35 ± 0.21 kg; respectively. Eleven of 16 cats were intact whereas the rest of them had been spayed. Metastases were observed in 10 cats. Tissue Mg level in group MET was significantly higher than in group H&D (P < 0.01) while the other elements had not significant differences between the groups. In group MET, analyzed elements were not statistically significant related to the inflammation, ulceration and invasion to the peripheral muscle (P > 0.05). However, tissue Fe level was significantly higher in T2 than in T3 (P < 0.05). The mean levels of tissue Fe, Mg and Mn had significant differences related to histological grading as P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001; respectively. A mild to severe correlation was found between tissue Zn and Se, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn levels. CONCLUSION: Tissue Mg and some trace elements were evaluated in feline mammary tumours in regard to various clinicopathological parameters. Tissue Mg level was sufficient to differentiate the malignant epithelial tumors from hyperplasia and dysplasia. However, Mn and Se tended to distinguish different tumor types. Tissue Fe, Mg and Mn had significant differences related to histological grading. Also, the Fe level was significantly higher in T2 than in T3 and Zn level tended to be higher in T3 than in T1. It was concluded that Mg, Se, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn provided useful information on the pathogenesis of feline mammary tumors. Further research is needed on the tissue and serum concentrations of trace elements which may provide valuable information for the disease prognosis.

Evaluation of trace elements in essential thrombocytosis and reactive thrombocytosis.

BACKGROUND: Trace elements (TE) are vital for cellular mechanisms at biological, chemical and molecular levels. The effects of TE in diagnosis, progression and treatment of essential thrombocytosis (ET), which is one of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms is a rare clonal stem cell disease characterized by increased thrombocyte numbers with impaired function, have not been elucidated in detail yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TE alterations in an ET model and the efficacy of TE in ET treatment protocol by means of a vast number of TE. METHODS: Study groups were categorized as patients with ET diagnosis (ET group, n:30), patients with reactive thrombocytosis secondary to iron deficiency anemia (IDA-RT) (IDA-RT group, n:30) and healthy controls (HC group, n:30). Serum levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), boron (B) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed utilizing inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer instrument (ICP-OES). Statistical analysis was evaluated using SPSS 23.0. RESULTS: ET group had statistically higher serum levels of Co and Mg (p < 0.05), Ni and Mn (p < 0.001), and lower Si (p < 0.05) than IDA-RT group. ET group had statistically higher serum levels of Co and Mn (p < 0.05), and Ni (p < 0.001), and lower Al, Si and Se (p < 0.001) than HC group. Serum levels of Fe, Al and Se (p < 0.001), and Mg (p < 0.01), and Zn (p < 0.05) in IDA-RT group were significantly lower than HC group. CONCLUSION: This novel study pointed out that alterations of many serum TE by means of both increment or decrement might have close relationship with mechanisms and complications of ET onset and follow-up. We consider that further research of TE would elucidate ethiopathogenesis and prognosis of ET. Thus, analysis of serum trace elements in essential thrombocytosis patients may be an important protocol by means of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up intervals.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Hemorheologic Parameters, Aluminum, Manganese, and Selenium in Smokers.

Smoking is a significant risk factor in fatal pathologies including cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases. Aluminum (Al) is a toxic element without known biological function, but with recognized toxic effects. Manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) are essential trace elements involved in cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. Al, Mn, and Se carry out their metabolic activities via blood flow and tissue oxygenation. The structure and number of red blood cells (RBC) play important role in tissue oxygenation throughout blood flow. Increased hematocrit (Hct) as a result of probable hypoxia induces disturbed blood flow, RBC aggregation (RBC Agg), RBC deformability index (Tk), and oxygen delivery index (ODI). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of altered Al, Mn, and Se levels on number, structure, and function of RBCs (Hct, blood and plasma viscosity (BV and PV, respectively), RBC Agg, Tk, ODI) in smokers without diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a study group (n = 128) categorized as ex-smokers (ES), smokers (S), and healthy controls (HC). Elements were analyzed in serum using ICP-OES. BV and PV were measured via Brookfield and Harkness viscometers at 37 °C, respectively. Smokers had statistically higher serum Al and Mn levels, BV, RBC, Hgb, Hct, PV, fibrinogen, RBC Agg, Tk45, and pulmonary blood flow rate, but lower serum Se levels and ODI45 values versus HC. In conclusion, increased Al, Mn, and hemorheological parameters and decreased Se and ODI45 might result from inflammatory response in defense mechanism in smokers without diagnosis of COPD. Our results point out that serum Al, Mn, and Se with hemorheological parameters may be beneficial markers of tissue oxygenation and defense mechanism before the clinic onset of COPD in smokers.