Enhancing health outcomes for Maori elders through an intergenerational cultural exchange and physical activity programme: a cross-sectional baseline study.

Background: The study offers baseline data for a strengths-based approach emphasizing intergenerational cultural knowledge exchange and physical activity developed through a partnership with kaumatua (Maori elders) and kaumatua service providers. The study aims to identify the baseline characteristics, along with correlates of five key outcomes. Methods: The study design is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 75 kaumatua from six providers completed two physical functioning tests and a survey that included dependent variables based in a holistic model of health: health-related quality of life (HRQOL), self-rated health, spirituality, life satisfaction, and loneliness. Results: The findings indicate that there was good reliability and moderate scores on most variables. Specific correlates included the following: (a) HRQOL: emotional support (ß = 0.31), and frequent interaction with a co-participant (ß = 0.25); (b) self-rated health: frequency of moderate exercise (ß = 0.32) and sense of purpose (ß = 0.27); (c) spirituality: sense of purpose (ß = 0.46), not needing additional help with daily tasks (ß = 0.28), and level of confidence with cultural practices (ß = 0.20); (d) life satisfaction: sense of purpose (ß = 0.57), frequency of interaction with a co-participant (ß = -0.30), emotional support (ß = 0.25), and quality of relationship with a co-participant (ß = 0.16); and (e) lower loneliness: emotional support (ß = 0.27), enjoyment interacting with a co-participant (ß = 0.25), sense of purpose (ß = 0.24), not needing additional help with daily tasks (ß = 0.28), and frequency of moderate exercise (ß = 0.18). Conclusion: This study provides the baseline scores and correlates of important social and health outcomes for the He Huarahi Tautoko (Avenue of Support) programme, a strengths-based approach for enhancing cultural connection and physical activity.

Kaumatua Mana Motuhake Poi: a study protocol for enhancing wellbeing, social connectedness and cultural identity for Maori elders.

BACKGROUND: The Aotearoa New Zealand population is ageing accompanied by health and social challenges including significant inequities that exist between Maori and non-Maori around poor ageing and health. Although historically kaumatua (elder Maori) faced a dominant society that failed to realise their full potential as they age, Maori culture has remained steadfast in upholding elders as cultural/community anchors. Yet, many of today's kaumatua have experienced 'cultural dissonance' as the result of a hegemonic dominant culture subjugating an Indigenous culture, leading to generations of Indigenous peoples compelled or forced to dissociate with their culture. The present research project, Kaumatua Mana Motuhake Poi (KMMP) comprises two interrelated projects that foreground dimensions of wellbeing within a holistic Te Ao Maori (Maori epistemology) view of wellbeing. Project 1 involves a tuakana-teina/peer educator model approach focused on increasing service access and utilisation to support kaumatua with the greatest health and social needs. Project 2 focuses on physical activity and cultural knowledge exchange (including te reo Maori--Maori language) through intergenerational models of learning. METHODS: Both projects have a consistent research design and common set of methods that coalesce around the emphasis on kaupapa kaumatua; research projects led by kaumatua and kaumatua providers that advance better life outcomes for kaumatua and their communities. The research design for each project is a mixed-methods, pre-test and two post-test, staggered design with 2-3 providers receiving the approach first and then 2-3 receiving it on a delayed basis. A pre-test (baseline) of all participants will be completed. The approach will then be implemented with the first providers. There will then be a follow-up data collection for all participants (post-test 1). The second providers will then implement the approach, which will be followed by a final data collection for all participants (post-test 2). DISCUSSION: Two specific outcomes are anticipated from this research; firstly, it is hoped that the research methodology provides a framework for how government agencies, researchers and relevant sector stakeholders can work with Maori communities. Secondly, the two individual projects will each produce a tangible approach that, it is anticipated, will be cost effective in enhancing kaumatua hauora and mana motuhake. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ( ACTRN12620000316909 ). Registered 6 March 2020.