Exploring the wound-healing and antimicrobial potential of Dittrichia viscosa L lipidic extract: Chemical composition and in vivo evaluation.

Dittrichia viscosa belongs to the Dittrichia genus, it grows abundantly in the east and northeast of Morocco, and traditionally its fresh leaves are crushed and given for topical application after burns, wounds, and infections. In this study, we examine the wound-healing activity of Dittrichia viscosa lipidic extract in vivo, assess its anti-microbial effect, and explore the specific compounds that contribute to these effects. To assess the effectiveness of wound healing, a burn-induced wound model was employed in Wistar rats, and the levels of hydroxyproline as well as histopathological changes in the skin tissues were evaluated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Malassezia furfur was investigated using the agar disc diffusion method. Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques were employed to analyze the composition of fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols. Topical application of Dittrichia viscosa lipidic fraction ointment exhibited significant improvements in wound contraction, achieving an impressive rate of 82% within 21 days. Additionally, the lipidic extract of Dittrichia viscosa displayed notable efficacy against various microbial strains, including Candida albicans (25.07 ± 0.2), Candida glabrata (24 ± 0.6), and Malassezia furfur (22 ± 0.7). The primary fatty acids identified in the sample were linolenic acid (58.95% ± 0), oleic acid (16.75% ±0.04), and linoleic acid (11.97% ± 0.1). Notably, the sample contained significant amounts of γ-Tocopherols (732.08 ± 21mg/kg), while the sterol fraction primarily consisted of 7-Campesterol (1937 ± 0 mg/kg), 7-ß-Sitosterol (1621 ± 0 mg/kg), and Stigmasterol (1439 ± 26 mg/kg). By its richness in active compound content, Dittrichia viscosa effectively accelerates wound healing while safeguarding against microbial infections.

Simplex-centroid design as innovative approach in the optimization of antimicrobial effect of Thymus satureioides, Myrtus communis and Artemisia herba alba essential oils against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candidatropicalis.

Essential Oils (EOs) known since Antiquity, and initially obtained by maceration of aromatic plants, are used as diseases' remedies because they contain valuable therapeutic components. Antimicrobial effect's evaluation of formulations established by an augmented centered mixing plan for three Moroccan medicinal and aromatic plants' essential oils (EOs): Thymus satureioides (T. satureioides), Myrtus communis (M. communis) and Artemisia herba alba (A. herba alba) against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis). The identification of E.Os chemical compounds was made using Gaz chromatography (GC) and Gaz chromatography coupled to Mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Whereas, the optimization of their antimicrobial effect was performed by experimental design methodology (mixture design) coupled to microdilution method based on Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) determination. Results showed that the main components are borneol (34.26%) and α-pinene (31.21%); borneol (27.15%) and 1,8-cineole (21.33%); camphor (14.67%), chrysanthenone (14.10%), and ß-thujone (12.60%) for T. satureioides, M. communis and A. herba alba respectively. Optimal mixtures composed of 60% and 40% of T. satureioides and M. communis E.Os; 72% and 28% of T. satureioides and A. Herba alba E.Os; 75% of thyme E.O and 25% of mugwort E.O; predicted the highest antimicrobial effect against E. coli, S. aureus and C. tropicalis, respectively. This study highlights the antimicrobial effect of EOs tertiary mixtures through using mixture design methodology, which may contribute to a successful application in pharmaceutical, food, or cosmetic industries.

Combined treatment of Thymus vulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Myrtus communis L. essential oils against Salmonella typhimurium: Optimization of antibacterial activity by mixture design methodology.

To increase the sensibility of Salmonella typhimurium strain, a mixture of Thymus vulgaris L. (T. vulgaris L.), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (R. officinalis L.) and Myrtus communis L. (M. communis L.) essential oils (EOs) was used in combined treatment by experimental design methodology (mixture design). The chemical composition of EOs was firstly identified by GC and GC/MS and their antibacterial activity was evaluated. The results of this first step have shown that thymol and borneol were the major compounds in T. vulgaris and M. communis L. EOs, respectively, while 1,8-cineole and α-pinene were found as major compounds in R. officinalis L. The same results have shown a strong antibacterial activity of T. vulgaris L. EO followed by an important power of M. communis L. EO against a moderate activity of R. officinalis L. EO. Besides, 1/20 (v/v) was the concentration giving a strain response classified as sensitive. From this concentration, the mixture design was performed and analyzed. The optimization of mixtures antibacterial activities has highlighted the synergistic effect between T. vulgaris L. and M. communis L. essential oils. A formulation comprising 55% of T. vulgaris L. and 45% of M. communis L. essential oils, respectively, can be considered for the increase of Salmonella typhimurium sensibility.