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1.
Animals (Basel) ; 13(15)2023 Aug 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37570300

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation with TpFe (tapioca polysaccharide iron) on reproductive performance, colostrum composition, cord blood active components of sows, and growth performance of their nursing piglets. Sixty healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to three groups at day 85 of gestation. The experimental diets included a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg FeSO4·H2O (CON group), the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg TpFe (TpFe50 group), and the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg TpFe (TpFe100 group), as calculated by Fe content. The experiment lasted from day 85 of gestation to the end of weaning (day 21 of lactation). Results showed that maternal supplementation with 100 mg/kg TpFe improved (p < 0.05) feed intake during lactation, live births, and birth weight of the litter (alive) and increased (p < 0.05) colostrum IgM (immunoglobulin m), IgA (immunoglobulin A), as well as the IgG levels, while it decreased (p < 0.05) the urea nitrogen and somatic cell count of sows. Moreover, sows in the TpFe100 group had higher (p < 0.05) serum iron levels and IgG. Additionally, maternal supplementation with 100 mg/kg TpFe increased (p < 0.05) iron level, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase (CAT), IgG, red blood cells (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) of cord blood, similar with the iron content, T-AOC, GSH-px, IgG, RBC, Hb, hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of weaned piglet blood. The diarrhea and mortality rates among the nursing piglets were decreased (p < 0.05), while the average weight at day 21 of age was increased (p < 0.05) in the TpFe100 group. Serum PRL (prolactin) levels of sows exhibited a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with live births. Suckling piglet diarrhea was positively correlated with colostrum urea nitrogen level but negatively correlated with colostrum IgM, IgG, and cord blood Hb content (p < 0.05). The mortality of suckling piglets was negatively correlated with serum iron content and IgM in colostrum, GSH-px, and IgG in cord serum of sows (p < 0.05). The average weight of weaning piglets was positively (p < 0.05) related to colostrum IgM and IgG levels, as well as cord serum RBC counts of sows on day 21. In conclusion, maternal supplementation with TpFe can improve the active components of colostrum and umbilical cord blood and improve the growth performance of suckling piglets.

2.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(16)2022 Aug 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36009686

RESUMEN

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of unconventional feedstuff such as wheat, broken rice, distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), and wheat bran, replacing 15% of the corn in the basal diet and the supplementation of bacterial phytase on nutrition digestibility. A total of 500 yellow-feathered broilers with similar body weights of 1.65 ± 0.15 kg were divided into 10 dietary treatments with 5 replicates per treatment (5 male and 5 females per cage). The AME and AIDE were significantly higher when supplied with phytase (p < 0.01) in the DDGS group. The ileal and total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus were significantly increased in the phytase-supplied group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the ileal digestibility of CP was increased when phytase was supplemented (p < 0.001). The results infer that the wheat, broken rice, DDGS, and wheat bran had no negative effect when replacing 15% corn. Supplementing 0.02% phytase in their diets can effectively optimize nutrient digestibility in yellow broilers.

3.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(9)2022 Apr 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35565512

RESUMEN

The effect and interaction of dietary selenium (Se) and probiotics on three yellow chicken growth performance, tissue Se content, antioxidant capacity, and gut health were studied from 0 to 70 days of age. A total of 400 one-day-old broilers were distributed into four groups (I-Se, O-Se, I-Se + pros, and O-Se + pros groups) consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial design. The main factors were the source of Se (I-Se = inorganic Se: 0.2 mg/kg sodium selenite; O-Se = organic Se: 0.2 mg/kg Selenium yeast) and the level of probiotics (0.5% EM or 0% EM, the component of EM mainly includes Lactobacillus and Yeast at the dose of 2 × 108 cfu/kg and 3 × 107 cfu/kg, respectively). Each treatment had 5 duplicates consisting of 20 broilers. The results showed that the I-Se group had a greater (p < 0.05) ratio of feed: weight gain (F/G) of broilers at Starter (0−35 d) than the other treatments. Compared to the I-Se group, the O-Se group increased (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in the liver, pancreas, breast muscles, thigh muscle, and the activity of total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) in serum, as well as the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Lactobacillus in cecum. Meanwhile, probiotics enhanced (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in the pancreas, thigh muscle, serum, and the activity of T-AOC and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the duodenum's ratio of villi height to crypt depth (V/C), the jejunum villus height and V/C, and the ileum's villus height. Furthermore, the significant interactions (p < 0.05) between Se sources and the level of probiotics were observed in Se concentrations in the pancreas, thigh muscle, serum, crypt depth of duodenum, and villus height of jejunum of birds, and Barnesiella abundance in the cecal. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the combination of O-Se + pros can improve broiler early growth performance, tissue Se content in the pancreas, thigh muscle, and serum, promote intestinal development, and regulate the composition of intestinal flora, suggesting a better combination. These findings provide an effective method of nutrient combination addition to improving the performance of three yellow chickens.

4.
Front Nutr ; 9: 869540, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35495956

RESUMEN

A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different Se sources, including sodium selenite (S-Se) and selenium yeast (Y-Se) and different effective microorganism (EM) addition levels on growth performance, meat quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of three-yellow chickens and its potential mechanism. A total of 400 birds were randomly distributed into 4 groups (S-Se, S-Se + EM, Y-Se, and Y-Se + EM groups) consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors were the source of Se (ISe = inorganic Se: 0.2 mg/kg S-Se; OSe = organic Se: 0.2 mg/kg Y-Se) and the level of EM (HEMB = high EM: 0.5% EM; ZEMB = low EM: 0% EM). Each treatment had 5 replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 broiler chickens. The trial lasted for 70 days. The results showed that, in breast muscle, the broiler chickens fed OSe source decreased the pH24h, drip loss, shear force, perimeter, cross-sectional area, and diameter, but increased the a 24 h * and density compared with the broiler chickens fed ISe source (p < 0.05); broiler chickens supplied with HEMB level decreased the cross-sectional area and diameter, but increased the pH24h, a 24 h , * and density compared with the broiler chickens supplied with ZEMB level (p < 0.05). In thigh muscle, OSe source and HEMB level also could improve the meat quality and change muscle fiber characteristics of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). Meat quality was correlated with the muscle fiber characteristics (p < 0.05). OSe source and HEMB level could regulate the expression levels of muscle fiber-relative genes in the breast and thigh muscles (p < 0.05). In conclusion, OSe source and HEMB level could improve the meat quality of the breast and thigh muscles of three-yellow chickens by changing the muscle fiber characteristics, and they changed the muscle fiber characteristics by regulating the expression levels of muscle fiber-relative genes.

5.
J Appl Microbiol ; 132(3): 2293-2305, 2022 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34706122

RESUMEN

AIM: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin (TB) and physterol ester (PSE) supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-six piglets were randomly allocated to one of four groups, including a control group (basal diet), TB group (basal diet + 1500 g t-1  TB), PSE group (basal diet + 300 g t-1 PSE) and TB + PSE group (basal diet + 1500 g t-1  TB + 300 g t-1 PSE). All groups had eight replicates with three piglets per replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed that dietary TB supplementation increased (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake and average daily gain, as well as the acetate and butyrate concentration in ileum, and dietary PSE supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the ratio of feed to gain (F/G) on days 1-14 of the trial. Dietary TB or PSE alone supplementation improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) and the expression level of Occludin in ileum. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identified eight biomarkers in the control group, 18 in the TB + PSE group, two in the PSE group in ileum respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of Enterococcus, and Streptococcus were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with propionate concentration, while the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with acetate concentration in ileum. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that dietary TB or PSE alone supplementation could alter the growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota community and metabolites of weaned piglets. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Weaning stress is a major cause of slow growth and increased diarrhoea in piglets. This study demonstrated that dietary TB and PSE presented a beneficial role in growth performance and gut health via regulating intestinal morphology, microbiota composition and metabolites.


Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Microbiota , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Ésteres , Porcinos , Triglicéridos , Destete
6.
Animals (Basel) ; 11(4)2021 Apr 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33921551

RESUMEN

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different patterns and sources of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Se on performance, mineral deposition (liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, pectorals muscle, and tibia), and excretion of laying hens, then to find an optimal dietary supplemental pattern of trace elements in laying hens. A total of 864 healthy laying hens with similar laying rate (Roman, 26-week-old) were randomly divided into nine treatments, with six replications of 16 birds per replication, including a control treatment and four patterns with different element sources (inorganic or organic): (1) Control treatment (basic diet without added extra trace minerals, CT); pattern 1, NRC (1994) recommended level (NRC-L): (2) inorganic minerals of NRC-L pattern (IN), (3) organic minerals of NRC-L pattern (ON); pattern 2, NY/T 33-2004 recommended level (NY/T-L): (4) inorganic minerals of NY/T-L pattern (IY), (5) organic minerals of NY/T-L pattern (OY); pattern 3, 50% NRC (1994) recommended level (50% NRC-L): (6) inorganic minerals of 50% NRC-L pattern (IHN), (7) organic minerals of 50% NRC-L pattern (OHN); pattern 4, the ratio of minerals in blood of laying hens was taken as the supplement proportion of trace elements, and Zn was supplemented depended on NRC recommended level (TLB): (8) inorganic minerals of TLB pattern (IB), (9) organic minerals of TLB pattern (OB). Two weeks were allowed for adjustment to the conditions and then measurements were made over eight weeks. Supplementation of trace elements led to increased daily egg weight (p < 0.05). Patterns of minerals in diets affected the content of liver Mn, pancreas Mn, tibia Mn, and the tissues Se (p < 0.05). Sources of minerals had positive effects on daily egg weight (p < 0.05), the concentrations of liver Fe, kidney Cu, tissues Se (except spleen), and fecal Se (p < 0.05). In conclusion, diet supplemented with the organic trace minerals of 50% NRC-L pattern (OHN) in laying hens promoted optimum laying performance, mineral deposition, and reduced mineral excretion.

7.
Poult Sci ; 99(11): 6233-6238, 2020 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33142541

RESUMEN

Zinc is vital for proper functioning of an animal. Two sources of zinc are commonly supplemented in animal feed, organic and inorganic zinc, and there are reports that the former is absorbed to a greater extent than the latter. We hypothesized that supplementary zinc would increase zinc content in eggs of laying hens and that organic zinc would be more effective than inorganic zinc. To test these hypotheses, we examined the effect of levels and sources of supplemental dietary zinc on average daily feed intake (ADFI), egg production, and zinc content in eggs and on serum antioxidant capacity and zinc concentration in laying hens. A total of 720 Roman laying hens (21-week-old) were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups with 6 replicates, with 24 hens in each replicate. Two sources of zinc, organic (zinc amino acid complex) and inorganic (zinc sulfate), each with 2 levels, low (35 mg/kg) and high (70 mg/kg), comprised 4 treatment groups, and a control group without supplementary zinc was the fifth group. Seven days were allowed for adjustment to the conditions, and then measurements were taken over 42 D. There was no difference in ADFI, average egg weight (EW), ADFI-to-EW ratio, and egg quality (P > 0.05) among the 5 treatment groups; supplemental zinc increased serum concentrations of Zn2+ and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and tended to increase superoxide dismutase content (P = 0.065). Zinc content in eggs increased linearly with supplementary organic zinc (N = 18, R2 = 0.363, P = 0.008) and with supplementary inorganic zinc (N = 18, R2 = 0.366, P = 0.008) treatment, but there was no difference between the source treatments of zinc. Therefore, our first hypothesis was supported, but our second one was not supported. We concluded that zinc supplementation is effective in enhancing zinc content in eggs and in improving antioxidant capacity in laying hens.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ovulación , Óvulo , Zinc , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Pollos/sangre , Pollos/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Huevos/análisis , Huevos/normas , Femenino , Ovulación/efectos de los fármacos , Óvulo/química , Distribución Aleatoria , Zinc/análisis , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/farmacología
8.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) ; 66(4): 311-318, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32863303

RESUMEN

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary porous ZnO supplementation on the growth performance, inflammatory cytokines and tight junction's gene expression in weaned piglets. A total of 192 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups (n=48/group) and fed, during 14 d, with one of the following dietary treatments: 1) basal diet (NC); 2) basal diet with 3,000 mg/kg of conventional ZnO (PC); 3) basal diet with 750 mg/kg of porous ZnO (low inclusion porous ZnO, LP-ZnO); 4) basal diet with 1,500 mg/kg porous ZnO (high inclusion porous ZnO, HP-ZnO). Results showed that dietary supplementation with regular ZnO or porous ZnO (750 and 1,500 mg/kg) improved average daily gain (ADG), feed to gain ratio (F/G) and jejunum morphology, while decreasing diarrhea incidence. Compared with the NC group, porous ZnO at both doses (750 or 1,500 mg/kg) increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations, but decreased serum glucose (GLU). Moreover, the mRNA expression of anti-inflammation cytokine (TGF-ß), tight junction (Occludin, ZO-1) in the jejunum by different ZnO administration were significantly increased compared with the NC group, while mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-8), membrane channels that transport water (AQP3) and miR-122a were significantly decreased. It can be concluded that porous ZnO even at low dose (750 mg/kg) can be an effective alternative to pharmacological (3,000 mg/kg) conventional ZnO in reducing diarrhea, promoting the growth performance, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines of weaned piglets.


Asunto(s)
Citocinas/genética , Suplementos Dietéticos , Yeyuno/metabolismo , Porcinos , Uniones Estrechas/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso , Óxido de Zinc/administración & dosificación , Animales , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diarrea/prevención & control , Diarrea/veterinaria , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Yeyuno/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Porosidad , Porcinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porcinos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Destete
9.
Foods ; 9(1)2020 Jan 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31936314

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of sodium selenite (SS) and selenium yeast (SY) on performance, egg quality, and selenium concentration in eggs and serum biochemical indices in laying hens. Seven hundred twenty healthy Roman laying hens (21 weeks old, 18 weeks in lay) with a similar laying rate (90.27% ± 1.05%) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 24 hens each. Five diets were prepared as a 1+2×2 factorial arrangement with control and two sources of Se at two levels. Control diet (control) was prepared without adding exogenous selenium (analyzed basal Se content of 0.178 mg/kg). The other four diets were prepared with the control diet supplemented with SY or SS at 0.3 mg/kg (low; L) or 0.5 mg/kg (high; H) to give 5 diets designated as control, SY-L, SY-H, SS-L, and SS-H. The analyzed selenium content in the SY-L, SY-H, SS-L, and SS-H diets were 0.362, 0.572, 0.323, and 0.533 mg/kg respectively. The pre-trial period lasted 7 d, and the experimental period lasted 56 d (30 weeks old), during which the egg production, egg quality, and hen serum parameters were measured. Results showed that selenium source and level had no effect (P > 0.05) on average daily egg weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, the laying rate was different at the L and H levels of supplementation, regardless of source, such that hens that were supplemented had a higher performance than that of the control, and the H level of supplementation lead to a higher laying rate than that of the L level (P < 0.05). There was a difference in average daily feed intake (ADFI) with an interaction in selenium source and level (P < 0.05), such that SS-L was higher than other selenium supplemented treatment or control. There were no significant differences in egg quality (P > 0.05); at the high level, SY had higher egg yolk selenium compared with SS. However, within SY, adding 0.5 mg/kg selenium led to higher egg yolk selenium than 0.3 mg/kg selenium (P < 0.05). Moreover, adding 0.3 mg/kg SY, 0.3 mg/kg, or 0.5 mg/kg SS to the basal diet had no significant effect on the selenium content in the egg (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum biochemical indices among the five groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, adding a high level of selenium in the diet of laying hens significantly increased egg production, and addition of a high level of selenium in the form of SY led to a higher deposition of selenium in the yolk than that of SS. These results indicate that adding 0.5 mg/kg of SY in the diet of laying hens would result in Se-enriched eggs.

10.
Anim Sci J ; 90(9): 1220-1228, 2019 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31273888

RESUMEN

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with porous zinc oxide (HiZox) on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and permeability in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of (6.55 ± 0.25 kg; 21 d of age) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: (1) a corn-soybean basal diet; (2) basal diet + 3,000 mg/kg conventional ZnO; (3) basal diet + 200 mg/kg HiZox; (4) basal diet + 500 mg/kg HiZox. The experiments lasted for 28 days. Incremental HiZox in the diet increased ADG (linear p = 0.015; quadratic p = 0.043) and ADFI (linear p = 0.027; quadratic p = 0.038), and the diarrhea index decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01) as HiZox supplemented increased. Furthermore, supplementation with HiZox increased the amounts of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum in comparison with that of control treatment or 3,000 mg/kg ZnO treatment, while decreased the populations of Escherichia coli, Clostridium coccoides, and Clostridium. leptum subgroup (p < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum relative to those in control treatment. The addition of HiZox increased the villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio (VC) of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.05), while decreased the crypt depth of jejunum (p < 0.05) and tended to reduce the crypt depth of duodenum (p < 0.10) compared with the control treatment. Piglets fed with 500 mg/kg HiZox had lower serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) than those fed with basal control diet or 3,000 mg/kg ZnO diet (p < 0.01). The results suggested that supplementation with HiZox modulated intestinal microbial composition and improved intestinal morphology, which may exert protective effects on the integrity of the mucosal barrier function of weaned piglets, was as efficacious as pharmaceutical doses of ZnO in enhancing growth performance, indicating that the HiZox may be a promising alternative to pharmaceutical doses of ZnO.


Asunto(s)
Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/microbiología , Intestinos/fisiología , Porcinos , Óxido de Zinc/farmacología , Animales , Clostridium/efectos de los fármacos , Diarrea/dietoterapia , Suplementos Dietéticos/microbiología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/anatomía & histología , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Destete
11.
J Anim Sci ; 97(6): 2515-2523, 2019 May 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31004130

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary grape seed polyphenols (GSP) supplementation during the late gestation and lactation period on reproductive performance, antioxidative status in serum, nutrient composition, and Ig content in colostrum of multiparous sows. On day 80 of gestation, a total of 64 sows with similar body condition were allocated to a completely randomized block design with 4 dietary treatments (n = 16 sows per treatment): 1) basal diet (CON, control group); 2) basal diet supplemented with 200 IU/kg vitamin E (200VE, positive control group); 3) basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg GSP (200GSP); and 4) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg GSP (300GSP). The trial lasted 56 d until the piglets were weaned on day 21 of lactation. Reproductive performance, parameters of antioxidative status, and levels of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) in serum, nutrient composition, and Ig content in colostrum of sows were determined. The number of dead fetuses was reduced, and farrowing survival was significantly improved in the litters from 300GSP-fed (P < 0.05). Preweaning survivability significantly increased in the litters from sows fed 200GSP and 200VE (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum was significantly increased in sows fed 200GSP and 300GSP (P < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px in the serum also significantly increased in sows fed 200VE (P < 0.05). Sows fed 300GSP had the greatest levels of P4 and E2 in the serum, which was significantly greater than sows fed 200VE and CON (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found among treatments for the content of solids-not-fat, fat, protein, and lactose in colostrum (P > 0.05). However, sows fed GSP had greater IgM and IgG content in colostrum compared with sows fed 200VE and CON (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary GSP supplementation during late gestation and lactation improved the farrowing survival and preweaning survivability, enhanced the antioxidant status and hormone levels in serum, and increased the IgM and IgG content in colostrum of sows.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/análisis , Calostro/química , Suplementos Dietéticos , Polifenoles/farmacología , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Vitis/química , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Líquidos Corporales/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinaria , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Paridad , Embarazo , Distribución Aleatoria , Porcinos , Vitamina E/farmacología
12.
J Pineal Res ; 65(4): e12524, 2018 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30230594

RESUMEN

Melatonin has been shown to improve lipid metabolism and gut microbiota communities in animals and humans; however, it remains to know whether melatonin prevents obesity through gut microbiota. Here, we found that high-fat diet promoted the lipid accumulation and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice, while oral melatonin supplementation alleviated the lipid accumulation and reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis, including the diversity of intestinal microbiota, relative abundances of Bacteroides and Alistipes, and functional profiling of microbial communities, such as energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Interestingly, melatonin failed to alleviate the high-fat-induced lipid accumulation in antibiotic-treated mice; however, microbiota transplantation from melatonin-treated mice alleviated high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolic disorders. Notably, short-chain fatty acids were decreased in high-fat diet-fed mice, while melatonin treatment improved the production of acetic acid. Correlation analysis found a marked correlation between production of acetic acid and relative abundances of Bacteroides and Alistipes. Importantly, sodium acetate treatment also alleviated high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolic disorders. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice, and the potential mechanisms may be associated with reprogramming gut microbiota, especially, Bacteroides and Alistipes-mediated acetic acid production. Future studies are needed for patients with metabolic syndrome to fully understand melatonin's effects on body weight and lipid profiles and the potential mechanism of gut microbiota.


Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Melatonina/fisiología , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Western Blotting , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa
13.
Anim Sci J ; 89(4): 703-712, 2018 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29314446

RESUMEN

Inactivated mycobacterium phlei (M. phlei) is well known for its immune-stimulatory functions in humans and livestock, but less information is available about the influence on meat quality of pigs when used as a feed additive. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of inactivated M. phlei on growth performance as well as meat quality of fattening pigs. A total of 240 cross-bred pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with initial body weight of 80.14 ± 0.29 kg were randomly allocated to five treatments, each of which consisted of eight replicates with 6six pigs per replicate. The basal diet supplemented with five levels of inactivated M. phlei preparations (0, 3.5 × 109 [0.1% w/w], 7 × 109 [0.2%], 1.4 × 1010 [0.4%] or 2.1 × 1010 [0.6%] colony-forming units/kg) was respectively fed to the control group and four treatment groups for 30 days. Adding 0.4% of inactivated M. phlei to diet increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of pigs. Importantly, intramuscular fat percentage in the Longissimus dorsi (LD) was increased by feeding diet containing 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of inactivated M. phlei, despite the pH value, drip loss, cooking loss and filter paper fluid uptake not being influenced. Analysis of the fatty acid components showed that some saturated fatty acids were decreased in LD after feeding inactivated M. phlei, but some monounsaturated fat acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids were increased (PUFAs), which induced the total contents of MUFAs and PUFAs were improved. RT-PCR assay revealed that feeding inactivated M. phlei up-regulated genes implicated in fat metabolism in muscle, including ELOVL6, FASN, SCD1 and H-FABP. This study revealed that feeding inactivated M. phlei not only increased growth performance of fattening pigs, but also improved the meat quality by increasing intramuscular fat content, thus inactivated M. phlei probably has high utilization value in modern pig production.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos , Análisis de los Alimentos , Calidad de los Alimentos , Inmunización , Carne , Mycobacterium phlei , Porcinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porcinos/metabolismo , Acetiltransferasas/genética , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animales , Proteína 3 de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/genética , Proteína 3 de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Elongasas de Ácidos Grasos , Acido Graso Sintasa Tipo I/genética , Acido Graso Sintasa Tipo I/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisis , Femenino , Masculino , Carne/análisis , Músculos/metabolismo , Estearoil-CoA Desaturasa/genética , Estearoil-CoA Desaturasa/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba
14.
Cell Physiol Biochem ; 44(5): 1749-1761, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29216634

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our previous reports suggested that dietary supplementation with lysine influenced intestinal absorption and metabolism of amino acids. In this study, we further investigated the effect of lysine restriction (30%) on feed intake and we also tested the hypothesis that gut microbiome contributed to the potential mechanism of lysine restriction-mediated feeding behavior. Here, we profiled gut microbial communities by sequencing 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes from gut samples as well as growth performance, serum hormones, and intestinal lysine transport in a piglet model. RESULTS: Piglets preferred to the lysine restricted diet when giving three diets and the feed intake was markedly higher in the lysine-restricted group than that in the control group. Altered hormones (leptin, CCK, and ghrelin) might contribute to the feeding behavior caused by lysine restriction. Meanwhile, lysine transporting ability (SLC7A1 and SLC7A2 expression, intestinal electrophysiological changes, and amino acid pool in mesenteric vein) was decreased in response to lysine restriction. Through deep sequencing of bacterial rRNA markers, we observed that bacterial diversity was enhanced in the lysine-restricted group (Shannon H, PD, and Chao1). At the phylum level, lysine restriction enhanced gut Actinobacteria, Saccharibacteria, and Synergistetes abundances. At the family level, Moraxellaceae, Halomonadaceae, Shewanellaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, Comamonadaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Caulobacteraceae, and Synergistaceae abundances were increased in response to lysine restriction. Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities by PICRUSt also confirmed that dietary lysine restriction affected gut microbiome, which might further mediate amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and endocrine system. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that lysine restriction inhibited intestinal lysine transport and promoted feed intake, which might be associated with gut microbiome.


Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Dieta , Intestinos/microbiología , Lisina/deficiencia , Microbiota , Aminoácidos/sangre , Animales , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Transportador de Aminoácidos Catiónicos 1/genética , Transportador de Aminoácidos Catiónicos 1/metabolismo , Transportador de Aminoácidos Catiônicos 2/genética , Transportador de Aminoácidos Catiônicos 2/metabolismo , Ingestión de Alimentos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Gastrinas/sangre , Ghrelina/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Masculino , Análisis de Componente Principal , ARN Ribosómico 16S/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Porcinos
15.
Anim Sci J ; 88(9): 1388-1397, 2017 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28183153

RESUMEN

This study was performed to evaluate effects of Armillariella tabescens (A. tabescens) on the growth performance and intestinal immune response and microflora in early-weaned pigs when used as feed additive. A. tabescens mycelia were added to basal diets at concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% or 0.9% (w/w). A total of 144 commercial cross-bred piglets were randomly allocated to one of these four diets and fed for 30 days. The growth performance of early-weaned piglets displayed improvement with diets containing 0.1% and 0.3% dried mycelia powder from A. tabescens. Supplementing with 0.1% or 0.3% A. tabescens mycelia induced a 2.6- and three-fold increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in the jejunal mucosa, respectively, but had only a marginal effect on sIgA in the ileal mucosa. Expression of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the jejunal mucosa were elevated with A. tabescens mycelia administration. Increased amounts of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the jejunum, and decreased amounts of Escherichia coli in the jejunum and ileum were observed with the administration of A. tabescens-containing diets. This study demonstrated that A. tabescens had beneficial effects on the growth performance and intestinal microflora of early-weaned pigs.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Armillaria , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Intestinos/inmunología , Intestinos/microbiología , Porcinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porcinos/inmunología , Porcinos/microbiología , Animales , Femenino , Íleon/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Yeyuno/metabolismo , Masculino , Polvos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Destete
16.
Arch Anim Nutr ; 70(4): 249-62, 2016 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27216553

RESUMEN

The contradiction between high susceptibility of early weaned piglets to enteric pathogens and rigid restriction of antibiotic use in the diet is still prominent in the livestock production industry. To address this issue, the study was designed to replace dietary antibiotics partly or completely by an immunostimulant, namely heat-killed Mycobacterium phlei (M. phlei). Piglets (n = 192) were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: (1) basal diet (Group A), (2) basal diet + a mixture of antibiotics (80 mg/kg diet, Group B), (3) basal diet + a mixture of antibiotics (same as in Group B, but 40 mg/kg diet) + heat-killed M. phlei (1.5 g/kg diet) (Group C) and (4) basal diet + heat-killed M. phlei (3 g/kg diet) (Group D). All piglets received the respective diets from days 21 to 51 of age and were weaned at the age of 28 d. Compared with the Control (Group A), in all other groups the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, small intestinal villus height:crypt depth ratio and protein levels of occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunal mucosa were increased. A decreased incidence of diarrhoea in conjunction with an increased sIgA concentration in the intestinal mucosa and serum IL-12 and IFN-γ concentrations was found in groups supplemented with heat-killed M. phlei (Groups C and D), but not in Group B. Groups C and D also showed decreased IL-2 concentrations in the intestinal mucosa with lower TLR4 and phosphor-IκB protein levels. The antioxidant capacity was reinforced in Groups C and D, as evidenced by the reduction in malondialdehyde and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes in serum. These data indicate that heat-killed M. phlei is a promising alternative to antibiotic use for early weaned piglets via induction of protective immune responses.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Dieta/veterinaria , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunidad Mucosa/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium phlei/química , Sus scrofa/fisiología , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Metabolismo Energético , Calor , Inmunomodulación , Intestino Delgado/anatomía & histología , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria , Sus scrofa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sus scrofa/inmunología , Destete
17.
PLoS One ; 10(4): e0122893, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25875335

RESUMEN

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dietary glutamate and aspartate supplementations on diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets. Diquat injection significantly reduced growth performance, including body weight, average daily weight gain, and feed intake (P<0.05). Meanwhile, diquat administration induced oxidative stress evidenced by the decreased serum nitric oxide (NO) and elevated malondialdeyhde (MDA) concentration (P<0.05). Furthermore, diquat-induced oxidative stress disrupted intestinal absorption system and decreased serum threonine, serine, and glycine levels. Dietary supplementation with glutamate improved final body weight, antioxidant system, and expressions of amino acids transporters and enhanced serum glutamate concentration compared with diquat group (P<0.05). While aspartate failed to alleviate diquat-induced oxidative stress, growth depression, and dysfunction of nutrients absorption except for liver relative weight. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with glutamate confers beneficial effects on diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets, while aspartate exhibits little effects.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Aspártico/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Diquat/toxicidad , Ácido Glutámico/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Aminoácidos/sangre , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico/administración & dosificación , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Transportador de Aminoácidos Catiónicos 1/genética , Diquat/administración & dosificación , Transportador 3 de Aminoácidos Excitadores/genética , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Glutámico/administración & dosificación , Herbicidas/administración & dosificación , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Malondialdehído/sangre , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Porcinos , Destete
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