RESUMEN
Neomorphic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are oncogenic for a number of malignancies, primarily low-grade gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia. We report a medicinal chemistry campaign around a 7,7-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-2H-1λ2-quinoline-2,5(6H)-dione screening hit against the R132H and R132C mutant forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1). Systematic SAR efforts produced a series of potent pyrid-2-one mIDH1 inhibitors, including the atropisomer (+)-119 (NCATS-SM5637, NSC 791985). In an engineered mIDH1-U87-xenograft mouse model, after a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg, 16 h post dose, between 16 and 48 h, (+)-119 showed higher tumoral concentrations that corresponded to lower 2-HG concentrations, when compared with the approved drug AG-120 (ivosidenib).
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Isocitrato Deshidrogenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piridonas/química , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/uso terapéutico , Semivida , Humanos , Isocitrato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Isocitrato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Piridonas/metabolismo , Piridonas/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are key metabolic enzymes that are mutated in a variety of cancers to confer a gain-of-function activity resulting in the accumulation of an oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Accumulation of 2-HG can result in epigenetic dysregulation and a block in cellular differentiation, suggesting these mutations play a role in neoplasia. Based on its potential as a cancer target, a number of small molecule inhibitors have been developed to specifically inhibit mutant forms of IDH (mIDH1 and mIDH2). We present a comprehensive suite of in vitro preclinical drug development assays that can be used as a tool-box to identify lead compounds for mIDH drug discovery programs, as well as what we believe is the most comprehensive publically available dataset on the top mIDH inhibitors. This involved biochemical, cell-based, and tier-one ADME techniques.