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OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the changes of behavior and hippocampal inflammatory factors in rats with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), so as to explore its possible mechanisms in the treatment of CFS. METHODS: Twenty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control, model and electroacupuncture (EA) groups (n=9 rats in each group). The CFS model was established by multi-factor compound stress stimulation method. Rats of the EA group received EA (10 Hz) at "Shenting" (GV24) penetrating "Baihui" (GV20), "Dazhui" (GV14) for 15 min, twice a day for 14 days. The general conditions, Morris water maze test, open field test, the exhausted running platform were conducted for determining the rats' locomotor and learning-memory activities. H.E. staining was used to observe the morphological structure of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region. The contents of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17 and transforming growth factor (TGF) ß1 in hippocampus and serum of rats were detected by ELISA, and the positive expressions of IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-ß1 in hippocampal CA1 region were detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the score of general condition was increased (P<0.05), the escape latency was prolonged (P<0.05), the number of crossing the original platform was decreased (P<0.05), the numbers of crossing the grid and entering the central area were increased (P<0.05), and the exhaustive treadmill time was shortened (P<0.05) in the model group. The contents of IL-10 in the hippocampus and serum were decreased (P<0.05), while IL-17 and TGF-ß1 contents were increased (P<0.05). The immunofluorescence intensity of IL-10 in the hippocampus was decreased (P<0.05), while the intensity of IL-17 and TGF-ß1 were increased (P<0.05). After treatment, compared with the model group, the score of general condition was decreased (P<0.05), the escape latency was shortened (P<0.05), the number of crossing the original platform was increased (P<0.05), the numbers of crossing the grid and entering the central area were decreased (P<0.05), and the exhaustive treadmill time was prolonged (P<0.05) in the EA group. The contents of IL-10 in the hippocampus and serum were increased (P<0.05), while IL-17 and TGF-ß1 levels were decreased (P<0.05). The immunofluorescence intensity of IL-10 in the hippocampus was increased (P<0.05), while the intensity of IL-17 and TGF-ß1 were decreased (P<0.05). H.E. staining showed that in the model group, the number of neurons in the hippocampus decreased, with disordered arrangement and loose structure, and a small numbers of neuronal nuclei were missing. The degree of tissue damage of the EA group was milder than that of the model group. CONCLUSIONS: EA can alleviate fatigue and spatial learning and memory impairment in CFS rats, which may be related to the regulation of peripheral and central inflammation.
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Electroacupuntura , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica , Ratas , Animales , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Interleucina-10 , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica/terapia , Interleucina-17/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , HipocampoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To observe the changes in the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional brain network in treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with anxiety and depression comorbidity with the mind-regulation electroacupuncture (EA), using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). METHODS: Thirty CFS patients with anxiety and depression comorbidity were enrolled from medical staffs as the observation group. The other 30 healthy subjects were recruited from medical university students as the control group, matching gender, age and education years with the observation group. No any acupuncture intervention was delivered in the control group, and EA for regulating the mind was operated in the observation group. Main points were the emotional area of Sun's scalp acupuncture, the regions 1 and 8 of Sun's abdominal acupuncture. Supplementary acupoints included Baihui (GV 20), Guanyuan (CV 4) and bilateral. RESULTS: The scores of the five domains in MFI-20 (i.e. general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced motivation and reduced activity), the total score of MFI-20, and the scores of SDS, SAS and PSQI in the observation group before treatment were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Except the score of reduced motivation in MFI-20, the scores of the other domains and the total score of MFI-20, as well as the scores of SDS, SAS and PSQI after treatment were lower than those before treatment in the observation group (P<0.05). Compared with the values before treatment, ReHo value was increased in the the right precuneus and decreased in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left angular gyrus of the brain in the observation group after treatment. In the observation group, when compared with the control group, ReHo values were increased in the left inferior cerebral lobe, the interhemispheric region, the right occipital lobe and the thalamus; and it was reduced in the left middle temporal gyrus, the right posterior central gyrus, the right middle temporal gyrus, the right orbital middle frontal gyrus, the paracentral lobule and the right fusiform gyrus before treatment. In the observation group, the functional connectivity was decreased between the right thalamus and the left posterior central gyrus, the right hippocampus and the right fusiform gyrus before treatment, respectively; it was re-constructed after treatment between the right thalamus and the left posterior central gyrus, and the right fusiform gyrus. Compared with the control group, the functional connectivity between the right thalamus and the left posterior central gyrus, the right hippocampus, and the right fusiform gyrus was reduced before treatment; while after treatment, the functional connectivity was reduced between the right thalamus and the hippocampus in the observation group. With Spearman correlation analysis between the differential brain regions and the scores of MFI-20, SAS, SDS and PSQI, it was found that the left middle temporal gyrus, the paracentral lobule, the right precuneus, and the left inferior temporal gyrus had a partial positive correlation with the above clinical scales; and the interhemispheric region, the thalamus, the right fusiform gyrus, and the right middle temporal gyrus showed a partial negative correlation. CONCLUSIONS: There is the decrease of ReHo in many brain regions and the numbers of the local brain functional network connectivity in CFS patients with anxiety and depression comorbidity. The mind-regulation electroacupuncture therapy may relieve the clinical symptoms of the patients through adjusting the abnormal brain regions and activating emotion-related brain regions.
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Electroacupuntura , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica , Humanos , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica/terapia , Depresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Depresión/terapia , Ansiedad/diagnóstico por imagen , Ansiedad/terapia , Comorbilidad , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for a long time and doesn't alleviate with rest. The number of the cases has been increasing during the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Acupuncture may have some effect on chronic fatigue syndrome, but its mechanism remains unclear. This article was to summarize the specific manifestations of abnormal central mechanism in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome through laboratory tests and neuroimaging. It was found from the laboratory evaluation that there were changes in the structure of the frontal cortex, thalamus and other brain tissues; factors, including IFN-α and IL-10 in cerebrospinal fluid were found abnormal; results of oxidative and nitrosative stress and changes in neurobiochemical substances, e.g. hypothalamus hormone levels and neurotransmitter concentrations, were observed. With magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, it was shown that the partial brain of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome had morphological changes with diminished grey matter and white; changes in cerebral blood flow velocity caused by decreased perfusion and functional activity with abnormal connectivity in brain were detected. In addition, there was significant decrease in glucose metabolism accompanied with neuroinflammatory response; metabolic disorders of serotonergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid energy neurotransmitters were also discovered. The regulatory effect of acupuncture on the above central neurological abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome model animals was elaborated, and the direction for further research was analyzed in order to provide ideas for further research on the central mechanism of acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of NF-κB p65 in hippocampus and the morphology of hippocampus in rats with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), so as to explore its mechanism in improving cognitive dysfunction of CFS. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA and inhibitor groups (n=12 in each group). The CFS model was established by multi-factor compound stress stimulation method. Rats of the EA group received EA (50 Hz, 1 mA) at "Baihui" (GV20), Emotional Area I and bilateral Sensory Area for 30 min, once daily for 15 days. For rats in the inhibitor group, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (100 mg·kg-1·d-1) was injected intraperitoneally, once a day for 15 days. Learning and memory ability was evaluated by Morris water maze test. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampus. Western blot was used to determine the expression level of NF-κB p65 in hippocampus. RESULTS: After mode-ling, the general status score was increased ï¼P<0.01ï¼, the escape latency was prolonged(P<0.01), the times of crossing the platform was decreased(P<0.01), and the expression level of NF-κB p65 in hippocampus tissue was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the model group compared with the control group. Compared with the model group, the general status score was decreased ï¼P<0.01ï¼, the escape latency was shortened(P<0.01), the times of crossing the platform was increased(P<0.01), and the expression level of NF-κB p65 in hippocampus tissue was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the EA and inhibitor groups. HE staining showed that in the model group, the hippocampal nerve cells were arranged disorderly, the structure was loose, and the number of apoptotic bodies and inflammatory cells was significantly increased. The degree of tissue damage of the EA and inhibitor groups was milder than that of the model group. CONCLUSION: EA can improve the cognitive function in CFS rats, which may be associated with its effect in inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and reducing the inflammation response in hippocampus.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Electroacupuntura , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica , Animales , Cognición , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica/genética , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica/terapia , Hipocampo , FN-kappa B/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Rhaponticin is a constituent isolated from numerous medicinal herbs. It has been reported earlier that rhaponticin possesses numerous biological effects like antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and antithrombosis. The goal of this exploration was to scrutinize the therapeutic potential of rhaponticin on ovariectomy (OVX)-triggered osteoporosis in rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats were arbitrarily allocated to a sham-operated control group I, group II, which underwent OVX, and groups III and IV that underwent OVX were administered with rhaponticin (10 and 20 mg/kg). Rhaponticin was supplemented orally after 4 weeks of OVX and continued for about 16 weeks. Our findings exhibit that rhaponticin prevented the BMD diminution of femurs, induced by OVX, and protected the worsening of trabecular microarchitecture that are assisted through a noteworthy decline in skeletal remodeling as noticed through the diminished status of bone markers in a dose-dependent manner (10 and 20 mg/kg). OVX rats treated with rhaponticin efficiently enhanced body weight, lipid profiles, uterine index, bone turnover markers, inflammatory markers, and augmented the incidence of calcium in the OVX rats. Rhaponticin was established to restrain the functions of acid phosphatase, estradiol, and bone gla protein in OVX rats. Also, rhaponticin displayed some beneficial effects on histomorphometric and histopathological examination. It was observed that tabular area and thickness were reinstated in sham control and rhaponticin-treated OVX rats. We recognized that rhaponticin did not induce a damaging outcome on the skeletal organization of OVX rats. Moreover, we denote that rhaponticin can be an exceptional agent for the treatment and deal with associated bone diseases.
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Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Ovariectomía , Estilbenos/farmacología , Animales , Hueso Esponjoso/metabolismo , Hueso Esponjoso/patología , Femenino , Osteoporosis/metabolismo , Osteoporosis/patología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671282.].
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Interdisciplinary combinations of medicine and engineering are part of the strategic plan of many universities aiming to be world-class institutions. One area in which these interactions have been prominent is rehabilitation of stroke hemiplegia. This article reviews advances in the last five years of stroke hemiplegia rehabilitation via interdisciplinary combination of medicine and engineering. Examples of these technologies include VR, RT, mHealth, BCI, tDCS, rTMS, and TCM rehabilitation. In this article, we will summarize the latest research in these areas and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each to examine the frontiers of interdisciplinary medicine and engineering advances.
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To evaluate the importance of AI technologies in modernizing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy, this article presents the systematic review of the relevant literature and explains the beneficial effects of AI technology on the TCM treatment outcomes from the experience of famous and veteran Chinese medicines, including acupuncture, Tui Na massage, and Qigong practitioners. This study also focuses on the urgent necessity to apply AI technologies to develop therapeutic models on the theme "treating the disease before it happens." Furthermore, the study also discusses the major bottlenecks and future prospects for the development of intelligent TCM treatment strategies.
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As an emerging comprehensive discipline, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in various fields, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a treasure of the Chinese nation. Realizing the organic combination of AI and TCM can promote the inheritance and development of TCM. The paper summarizes the development and application of AI in auxiliary TCM diagnosis, analyzes the bottleneck of artificial intelligence in the field of auxiliary TCM diagnosis at present, and proposes a possible future direction of its development.
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PURPOSE: The research aimed to identify the active component from Punica granatum L. to alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury and clarify the underlying mechanism of the active component alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SH-SY5Y cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was established to simulate the ischemia/reperfusion injury. According to the strategy of bioassay-guided isolation, the active component of punicalin from Punica granatum L. was identified. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the effects of OGD/R and/or punicalin on cell cycle arrest. Immunofluorescence assay was applied to assess the nucleus translocation. The relative content of ROS and GSH and the enzyme activities of CAT and SOD were examined using ELISA. RESULTS: The data of bioassay-guided isolation showed that punicalin from Punica granatum L. could alleviate OGD/R-induced cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting for probing the expression of CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, and p21 revealed that punicalin could relieve OGD/R-induced cell cycle G0/G1 arrest. Additionally, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting for probing the expression of TGF-ß and p-Smad2/p-Smad3 showed that punicalin could relieve the OGD/R-induced TGF-ß/Smad pathway. Furthermore, the TGF-ß/Smad pathway inhibitor of LY2157299 was employed to confirm that the TGF-ß/Smad pathway is crucial to the effect of punicalin. At last, it was indicated that punicalin could relieve OGD/R-induced oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: Punicalin, an active component from Punica granatum L., was identified as a protective agent to alleviate the OGD/R-induced cell injury, which could exert the protective effect via TGF-ß/Smad pathway-regulated oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in SH-SY5Y cells.
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The research progress of acupuncture analgesia in recent years is analyzed to summarize the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture on neuropathic pain. The analgesic mechanism of acupuncture on neuropathic pain is discussed from peripheral level and central level, including peripheral sensitization and immune inflammatory response, changes of ion channel, central sensitization, regulation of cell signal pathway, activation of spinal glial cells, etc. It is suggested that the focus of future research should include conducting in-vitro studies with the help of multi-omics technology to detect the changes of metabolic substances and signal pathway molecules in patients with neuropathic pain before and after acupuncture to further clarify the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia.
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Analgesia por Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Neuralgia , Analgésicos , Humanos , Neuralgia/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of teriparatide on life quality in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: Patients treated from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively included. Patients were divided into two groups according the treatment received. Those in the teriparatide treatment group were followed up for 24 months, and patients in the control group received calcium supplements and vitamin D. Scores for back pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) and score of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and 36-item Short Form Health Survey of life quality (SF-36) were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months and compared between the groups. RESULTS: In total, 126 patients were included in the teriparatide treatment group and 127 in the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups concerning body mass index, bone density, VAS back pain score, ODI, and SF-36 life quality scores at baseline. At 3, 6, 12, and 24 months' follow-up, VAS scores were significantly lower in the treatment group than in controls; ODI and SF-36 scores were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Teriparatide can significantly decrease pain and increase mobility and life quality in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.