Progress in protective effect and mechanism of 6-gingerol on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases are very high, which has attracted more and more attention all over the world. Common treatment methods for clinical treatment of acute myocardial infarction include direct percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting, which can quickly restore blocked coronary blood flow and reduce the infarct size. However, the inevitable ischemia/reperfusion injury will occur during the recovery of coronary blood flow, its pathological mechanism is complicated, and the Western medicine countermeasures are very limited. Among the current drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, traditional Chinese medicine has become a research hotspot due to its multiple targets, safety, and low side effects. Ginger is the fresh rhizome of Zingiber offici?nale Rosc., a perennial herbaceous plant in the ginger family. It is a dual-purpose resource of medicine and food. Ginger has the functions of relieving the appearance and dispelling cold, warming up and relieving vomiting, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, and relieving fish and crab poison. The chemical components of ginger mainly include volatile oil, gingerol, diphenylheptane, etc.. Among them, 6-gingerol, as the main active component of gingerols, has obvious phar?macological effects in myocardial protection, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, etc.. Studies have shown that 6-gingerol protects myocardium mainly through anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and preventing cal?cium influx. ① Anti-oxidative stress: oxidative stress is a state where oxidation and anti-oxidation in the body are out of balance, and it is also an important factor leading to myocardial damage. Many studies have confirmed that 6-gingerol has an antioxidant effect, and it is considered a natural antioxidant. 6-gingerol can significantly reduce the degree of oxi?dative stress and the level of reactive oxygen species caused by cardiomyocyte damage, and has a significant cardiopro?tective effect. ② Anti-inflammatory: inflammation can cause substantial cell damage and organ dysfunction, which is another important cause of myocardial damage. 6-gingerol can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors such as inter?leukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-αin cardiomyocytes, and at the same time inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB sig?naling pathway, an important regulatory pathway of inflammation, showing that it may improve myocardial damage through anti-inflammatory effects. ③ Inhibition of apoptosis: apoptosis is a complex and orderly process in the autono?mous biochemical process of cells, and one of the main mechanisms of myocardial injury. This process can be roughly divided into three pathways: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and death receptors. Among them, the mitochondrial pathway plays an important role, and Bcl-2 and Bax located upstream of this pathway can regulate the entire process of cell apoptosis by regulating the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. Studies have found that the preventive application of 6-gingerol can reduce cell damage, reduce the number of apoptotic cells, reduce the activity of Bax and caspase-3, and increase the expression of Bcl-2. Therefore, 6-gingerol pretreatment can reduce the damage of cardio?myocytes, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis.④Prevent calcium influx:calcium overload is involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemic injury, which may be related to excessive contracture, arrhythmia, and mitochondrial Ca2+accumulation that impairs myocardial function. 6-gingerol inhibits the increase of intracellular Ca2+concentration by inhibiting L-type calcium current, thereby reducing extracellular Ca2+ influx, thereby avoiding calcium overload and playing a cardioprotective effect. In summary, 6-gingerol can effectively treat and improve myocardial isch?emia/reperfusion injury, and it has great development potential in the fields of medicine and health products.

Effect of (, TLZT) gel preparation on p53 /miR-502-5p /NF-κBp65 in synovial tissue of knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe effects of (, TLZT) gel preparation on p53, miR-502-5p, NF-κBp65 in synovial tissue of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to explore mechanism of TLZT gel preparation in treating KOA.@*METHODS@#Thirthy-six Wistar rats aged 8 weeks and weighed 200 to 220 g (meaned 208 g) were randomly divided into normal group, model group and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group, 12 rats in each group. KOA model was established by modified Hulth method. After 4 weeks of modeling, TCM group treated with TLZT gel preparation for external use, 3 times daily for 2 weeks;normal group and model group were fed normally without intervention. After treatment, morphological changes of specimens in each group were observed, changes of miR-502-5p in synovial tissue were detected by qPCR, and contents of p53, NF-κBp65, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13 in synovial tissue were detected by qPCR and Western Blot respectively.@*RESULTS@#(1)Morphological observation of specimens showed that the articular cartilage in model group was hyaline and uneven, the synovial membranes were hypertrophic and proliferative with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating, the joint fluid was thicker in texture;the articular cartilage in TCM group was more transparent and smooth, synovial hyperplasia was mild with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, the texture of articular fluid was clear and sparse. (2) Compared with normal group, content of miR-502-5p of synovial tissue in model and TCM group were increased, mRNA and expression of p53 decreased, expression of NF-κBp65, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13 increased. (3)Compared with model group, content of miR-502-5p in synovial tissue of TCM group decreased (<0.05), mRNA and protein expression of p53 increased (<0.05), mRNA and protein expression of NF-κBp65, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13 decreased (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Expression of p53, miR-502 -5p, NF -κBp65 in synovial tissue is closely related to synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory reaction, TLZT gel preparation may reduce proliferation and inflammatory reaction of KOA synovium by regulating the expression of p53, miR- 502-5p, NF-κBp65 in synovial tissues.

Analysis of gene expression of Tetrahymena thermophila treated with Panax japonicas / 中国中药杂志

Panax japonicus is a traditional Chinese medicine,and its principle components have shown certain pharmacological activities for cell damage,aging and cell apoptosis. In order to clarify the pharmacological mechanism and involved metabolic pathways of P. japonicas,the gene expression of Tetrahymena thermophila under P. japonicus treatment was analyzed through high-throughput transcriptome sequencing in this study. Based on the transcriptome analysis,3 544 differentially expressed genes were identified in control group,of which 1 945 genes showed up-regulated expression and 1 599 genes showed down-regulated expression. Under P. japonicas treatment in the experiment group,3 312 differentially expressed genes were screened,of which 1 `493 genes showed up-regulated expression and 1 819 genes showed down-regulated expression. GO enrichment analysis indicated that in control group,the genes in the cells in a series of fundamental biological process were down-regulated,such as DNA replication and protein synthesis; while the signal transduction process and fatty acids oxidizing process were enriched. Whereas in the experiment group,down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in oxidation-reduction,cofactor metabolic process and vitamin metabolic process; up-regulated genes were enriched in signal transduction process and protein modification process. In the analysis using KEGG database,cell cycle pathway was enhanced and autophagy pathway was inhibited under the condition of P. japonicas treatment. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction( RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression differences between 6 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated genes in related metabolic pathways. The RT-q PCR results and RNA-Seq data were highly correlated and consistent with each other. This study could provide important direction and basis for further study on the mechanism of cell growth regulation with the treatment of P. japonica.

Rapid identification of classical herbal formulae Baoyinjian's chemical substance based by HPLC-Q/TOF-MS / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the chemical constituent cluster of classical herbal formulae Baoyinjian systemically by HPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Methods: The seperation was performed on Diamonsil C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid. The column temperature was 30 ℃, the flow rate was 1 mL/min, the injection volume was 10 μL, and the mass spectrometry condition was X500R QTOF mass spectrometer, electrospray ion source, positive and negative mode scanning. Results: A total of 52 chemical constituents were identified by reference confirmation, literature comparison, and high mass spectrometry data analysis. The chemical constituent cluster was composed of 17 flavonoids, six phenolics, 12 iridoid glycosides, eight alkaloids, one phenethyl alcohol glycosides, four monoterpene glycoside, two triterpenes and two other compound. Conclusion: This study can identify various chemical constituents of Baoyinjian systematically, accurately, and rapidly, which provides a basis for the determination of the quality attributes of Baoyinjian.

Lapidus operation combined with bone setting manipulation in treatment of hallux valgus in elderly patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical effect of Lapidus operation combined with bone setting manipulation of traditional Chinese medicine in treating hallux valgus in elderly patients.@*METHODS@#From March 2013 to October 2017, 53 elderly patients (87 feet) with hallux valgus were treated with Lapidus operation combined with bone-setting manipulation of traditional Chinese medicine, including 12 males (18 feet) and 41 females (69 feet), ranging in age from 65 to 92 years old, with an average of (76.3±4.8) years old. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of relief of foot pain before and 26 months after operation. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) was used to evaluate the function of foot pain. The changes of hallux valgus angle(HVA angle), interphalangeal angle (IMA angle) and metatarsal wedge angle(MCA angle) were compared on X-ray films.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 42 months, with an average of(26.0±2.7) months. In all patients, the first metatarsal joint reached bone fusion within 6 to 8 months, with an average of 4.7 months. The preoperative VAS score was 8.06±1.44, which was significantly different from 2.14±1.98 at 26 months(<0.05). The preoperative AOFAS score was 53.90±7.89, which was significantly different from 92.80±2.78 at 26 months(<0.05). The HVA, IMA and MCA were significantly improved from preoperative(38.60±2.72)°, (21.90±1.91)° and(20.90±2.20)° to the latest follow-up(17.80±1.94)°, (9.70±2.56)° and(11.70±0.48)°(<0.05). According AOFAS score, 74 feet got an excellent result, 11 good and 2 fair.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Lapidus operation combined with bone-setting manipulation of traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment of hallux valgus foot in elderly patients has satisfactory clinical effects, shortens the time of osteotomy and fixation, protects the soft tissue around the osteotomy end and promotes the bone fusion on the most satisfactory position.

Practice and progress on bionic technology in identification on five tastes of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Four properties and five tastes are the core content of medicinal theory of Chinese materia medica (CMM), and it is important for modern study of CMM to elucidate the scientific connotation of five tastes based on the application of bionic technology. With the development of bionic technology, electronic nose and electronic tongue have become the objective method to determine the taste and smell in recent years. Based on the taste and odour connotation of five tastes of CMM, the working principle, research method, and identification of flavor substances in CMM of electronic nose and electronic tongue were summarized, and the progress on original variety, production place, growth period, storage life and processing technology of CMM were reviewed in this article. Combined with the practice of our research group on the characterization of medicinal properties, the basic research model of the definition and characterization of the five tastes of effective materials basis was proposed, which would provide a reference method for the medicinal research on five tastes of CMM.

Wuzi Yanzong pill, a Chinese polyherbal formula, alleviates testicular damage in mice induced by ionizing radiation.

BACKGROUND: Chinese medicine Wuzi Yanzong pill (WZYZP) was firstly documented in ancient Chinese medical works "She Sheng Zhong Miao Fang" by Shi-Che Zhang in 1550 AD. The traditional herbal formula is widely used in treating nephrasthenia lumbago, prospermia, erectile dysfunction and male sterility. The present study was to explore the effects of WZYZP on ionizing irradiation-induced testicular damage in mice. METHODS: The pelvic region of male mice was exposed to X-rays for inducing testicular damage. The effects of WZYZP on testicular damage were evaluated in terms of testes weight, sperm quantity and motility, testes oxidative status and serum hormone levels. The alterations in testicular structure were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, changes in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression of testes were explored by western blot. RESULTS: Pelvic exposure to x-ray induced reduction in testes weight and sperm quality, along with oxidative stress and abnormal testicular architecture in testes. Oral administration of WZYZP for 3 weeks markedly increased testes weight, sperm quantity and motility, and attenuated testicular architecture damage. Meanwhile, WZYZP treatment significantly reversed the reduction of serum testosterone, and decreased testes malondialdehyde (MDA) and Oxidative stress index (OSI) relative to the radiated mice. Additionally, WZYZP effectively prevented the downregulation of PCNA expression in testes induced by x-ray irradiation. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest WZYZP exhibits ameliorating effects against ionizing irradiation-induced testicular damage in mice, which may be related to its antioxidation.

Nail Selenium Level and Diabetes in Older People in Rural China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between selenium levels and diabetes in an older population with life-long natural exposure to selenium in rural China. A total of 1856 subjects aged 65 years or older from four Chinese rural counties with different environmental selenium levels were evaluated. Analysis of covariance models and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between nail selenium levels and serum glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance [using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)], and the risk of diabetes. The mean nail selenium level was 0.461 μg/g and the prevalence rate of diabetes was 8.3% in this population. The mean nail selenium level was significantly higher in the group with diabetes than in the group without diabetes (P<0.0001). The adjusted odds ratios for diabetes were 2.65 (95% CI: 1.48 to 4.73), 2.47 (95% CI: 1.37 to 4.45), and 3.30 (95% CI: 1.85 to 5.88) from the second selenium quartile to the fourth quartile, respectively, compared with the first quartile group. The mean serum glucose and HOMA-IR in the higher selenium quartile groups were significantly higher than those of the lowest quartile group. However, no significant differences in insulin were observed among the four quartile groups. A long-term, higher level of exposure to selenium may be associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Future studies are needed to elucidate the association between selenium and insulin resistance.

Anti-tumoral effects of a trypsin inhibitor derived from buckwheat in vitro and in vivo.

Native buckwheat, a common component of food products and medicine, has been observed to inhibit cancer cell proliferation in vitro. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effects of recombinant buckwheat trypsin inhibitor (rBTI) on hepatic cancer cells and the mechanism of apoptosis involved. Apoptosis in the H22 cell line induced by rBTI was identified using MTT assays, DNA electrophoresis, flow cytometry, morphological observation of the nuclei, measurement of cytochrome C and assessment of caspase activation. It was identified that rBTI decreases cell viability by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation. rBTI-induced apoptosis occurred in association with mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria to the cytosol, as well as the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that rBTI specifically inhibited the growth of the H22 hepatic carcinoma cell line in vitro and in vivo in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, while there were minimal effects on the 7702 normal liver cell line. In addition, rBTI­induced apoptosis in H22 cells was, at least in part, mediated by a mitochondrial pathway via caspase-9.

An extract of Perilla stem inhibits Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP)-1 and influences insulin signaling.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are enzymes that catalyze protein tyrosine dephosphorylation of which Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is one of the best-validated, a widely distributed intracellular tyrosine phosphatase that contains two SH2 domains. Down regulation of SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatases was significantly increased sensitivity to insulin in insulin signaling pathway. Through in vitro enzymatic reaction kinetics experiment, we found that the extract of Perilla stem was a potential inhibitor to δSHP-1, the catalytic domain of SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, and its IC(50) was 4ug/ml, and was more sensitive towards SHP-1than other PTPs, which indicated that SHP-1 might be a target of the extract of Perilla stem. It can strengthened the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in HepG2 cells, and then activated the insulin signaling pathway through inhibiting the protein phosphorylation of SHP-1. These results demonstrated that the extract of Perilla stem could play an important role for diabetes treatment through inhibiting the level of SHP-1 in insulin signaling pathway.

Effectiveness of Meibomian Gland Tube Massage in Treating Meibomian Gland Dysfunction / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effectiveness of meibomian gland tube massage in treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All patients were divided into medicine group (tropically administered with corticosteroid eye ointment and artificial tears)and massage group (meibomian gland tube massage in addition to these drugs) using random numbers. At different period(before treatment and after treatment 2,4 weeks), the slip-lamp microscopy and intraocular pressure measurement were performed. Ocular symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire of ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and corneal fluorescein staining scores (CFS) was used for checking the epithelial integrity,tear film breakup time (TBUT), and tear secretion (Schirmer I test,SIt).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before the treatment, the OSDI score,TBUT, CFS, and SIt showed no statistical significance between these two groups (all P>0.05). After the treatment, the symptoms, damage of corneal epithelium, quality of tear film,tear secretion were significantly improved in both groups(P<0.05), and were significantly superior in the massage group than in the medicine group (all P<0.01; but CFS t4w=6.60,P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The meibomian gland tube massage in combination with drug therapy can improve the treatment effectives for MGD.</p>

[Protective effect of baicalin against rotenone induced injury on PC12 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of baicalin against rotenone-induced injury on PC12 cells, and the po-tential mechanism of action action was also explored. METHOD: PC12 cells were injured by rotenone and were treated with different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 µmol x L(-1)) of baicalin at the same time. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT, and morphology was observed by phase-contrast microscopy. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The intracellular ROS level was determined by fluorescence microscope with DCF-DA staining. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 was analyzed by Western blot. RESULT: The viability of PC12 cells exposure to rotenone for 24 hour was gradually decreased with dose escalating and 1.5 µmol x L was adopted to do the following experiment. Baicalin increased cell viability, improved cell morphology and decreased intracellular ROS level. Moreover, FACS indicated baicalin attenuated the apoptosis induced by rotenone significantly. Western blot showed that Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 expression in rotenone-induced PC12 cells was reversed by baicalin. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated that baicalin protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis, at least in part, by scavenging excessive ROS and inhibiting the mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Pathogenesis and preventive treatment for animal disease due to locoweed poisoning.

Locoweeds are perennial herbaceous plants included in Astragalus spp. and Oxytropis spp. that contain the toxic indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine. The livestock that consume locoweed feeding can suffer from a type of toxicity called "locoism." There are aliphatic nitro compounds, selenium, selenium compounds and alkaloids in locoweed. The toxic component in locoweeds has been identified as swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid. Swainsonine inhibits lysosomal α-mannosidase and mannosidase II, resulting in altered oligosaccharide degradation and incomplete glycoprotein processing. As a result, livestock that consume locoweeds exhibit several symptoms, including dispirited behavior, staggering gait, chromatopsia, trembling, ataxia, and cellular vacuolar degeneration of most tissues by pathological observation. Locoism results in significant annual economic losses. Recently, locoweed populations have increased domestically in China and abroad, resulting in an increase in the incidence of poisoning. Therefore, in this paper, we review the current research on locoweed, including on species variation, pathogenesis, damage and poisoning prevention measures.

Application of hyperspectral remote sensing in field of medicinal plants monitoring research / 中国中药杂志

The paper introduces the basic concept and characteristics of hyperspectral remote sensing, and analyzed the application of hyperspectral remote sensing in the field of plants research. On the basis of the research advances of hyperspectral plant study, paper also analyzed the key facts that effects the application of hyperspectral remote sensing on the some researches which include distinguishing species,monitoring growth and quality etc. It proposed a new ideas and methods for people to research medicinal plants.

Research on reserves estimation method of wild medicinal plants resource for generous species based on spatial information technology / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicinal resource survey method is time-consuming, strenuous, and having great human influence, the precision is not high enough. This paper, by using spatial information technology, carries on spatial sampling survey for wild medicinal plants resource for generous species to arrange the quadrat scientifically and estimate the suitable area, reserve precisely of medicinal plants. It not only improves the survey precision, but reduces the workload of field survey and provides scientific basis for survey method of pilot work on the fourth national traditional Chinese medicinal resource census.

Data validation methods and discussion on Chinese materia medica resource survey / 中国中药杂志

From the beginning of the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources, there were 22 provinces have conducted pilots. The survey teams have reported immense data, it put forward the very high request to the database system construction. In order to ensure the quality, it is necessary to check and validate the data in database system. Data validation is important methods to ensure the validity, integrity and accuracy of census data. This paper comprehensively introduce the data validation system of the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources database system, and further improve the design idea and programs of data validation. The purpose of this study is to promote the survey work smoothly.

Research on the correlation between Chinese medical syndrome types and objective indices of Wilson's disease / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between Chinese medical syndrome types of Wilson's disease (WD) and clinical materials as well as physical and chemical indices.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 116 WD patients were typed by Chinese medical syndrome. The correlation between Chinese medical syndrome types and clinical materials as well as physical and chemical indices were analyzed using binary stepwise Logistic regression by SPSS 19.0 Software, taking the common Chinese medical syndrome types as the dependent variable and clinical materials as well as physical and chemical indices as the independent variables.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gan-Galibladder dampness-heat syndrome (GGDHS, 35.3%). Gan-stagnation and Pi-deficiency syndrome (GSPDS, 13.8%), Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (GSYDS, 13.8%), and phlegm-dampness retention syndrome (PDRS, 12.1%) were most often seen. GGDHS was positively correlated with grade of K-F ring, total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine transaminase (ALT), laminin (LN) (P < 0.01). GSYDS was positively correlated with TBIL (P < 0.01). PDRS was positively correlated with clinical types, ceruloplasmin (CP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total protein (TP) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Qi blood deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with disease course, blood ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and LN (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chinese medical syndrome types were correlated with clinical materials, physical and chemical indices in WD patients, which could provide experimental reference for Chinese medical syndrome typing. GGDHS, GSPDS, GSYDS, and PDRS were most often seen.</p>

Resources investigation of medicinal plants of Huangfu mountain in city of Chuzhou based on grid sampling method / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To conduct preliminary investigation to the species and reserves of medicinal plants in Huangfu Mountain, and to provide references to the general survey of those plants for medicine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Combined with global positioning system (GPS), the program of investigation with grid sampling was used in this resource survey of medicinal plants.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After the preliminary investigation of the plants for medical use of Huangfu Mountain, it is found that there are 103 families with 313 kinds of plants. There are many medicinal plants and large distribution, such as Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Semiaguilegia adoxoides and Pinellia ternate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Huangfu Mount, with so many different kinds of medicinal plants and comfortable environment for part of the medicinal plants to grow, could be developed as a base for planting Chinese herbal medicines.</p>

Spatial structure and geographic distribution of major active component in medical herb Dipsacus asperoides population / 中国中药杂志

To study the spatial structure and geographic distribution of major active components in medical herb Dipsacus asperoides population, in Guizhou province, the author obtained the asperosaponin VI content among 38 D. asperoides population points. Using spatial statistic and traditional statistic, the spatial variation pattern has been found. Combining the environment variables, it is tried to reveal the geographic distribution rules between group of major active component in medical herb D. asperoides population and group of environmental factors. The results show: the spatial structure of major active component in medical herb D. asperoides population is randomly distributed in global space, but has two aggregation points which have a high positive correlation in local space; environmental factors value for group of major active component in medical herb D. asperoides population has a large difference in the interior-group, but environmental factors value has a small difference in inter-group.

Anticancer effects of 5-fluorouracil combined with warming and relieving cold phlegm formula on human breast cancer / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anticancer effects of warming and relieving cold phlegm formula (, WRCP), a Chinese medical mixture composed of the aqueous extracts of Aconitum carmichaeli, Rhizoma bolbostemmatis, Phytolacca acinosa, Panax notoginseng, and Gekko swinhonis Gūenther, combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on human breast cancer in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two Nu/Nu mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were randomized into the control group, 5-FU group, high-dose WRCP (hWRCP) group, medium-dose WRCP (mWRCP) group, low-dose WRCP (lWRCP) group, or combination of mWRCP and 5-FU group in a 1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio. Drug administration was commenced on the day following tumor implantation. The control group was injected daily with normal saline (N.S.) intraperitoneally; the 5-FU group was injected with 5-FU at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally every third day for a total of 7 treatments; the hWRCP group, mWRCP group and lWRCP group received daily doses of 5, 1, and 0.2 g/kg of WRCP, respectively, by gastric perfusion; and the combination group was treated with 5-FU plus mWRCP on the same schedules as above. All treatments lasted for 22 days. Tumor volume, tumor weight, inhibition rate of tumor weight, necrosis rate of tumor, organ index, and change in body weight of nude mice were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The combination group and the hWRCP group had significantly smaller tumor volumes (580±339 mm(3) and 587±249 mm(3) versus 1055±234 mm(3), respectively), lower tumor weights (0.42±0.29 g and 0.52±0.29 g versus 0.80±0.15 g, respectively), and higher tumor necrosis rates (22.7% and 25.6% versus 9.4%, respectively) as compared with the control group (all <0.05). Similar changes were found in the 5-FU, mWRCP, and lWRCP groups when compared with the control group but were not statistically significant, except for the tumor weight for the 5-FU group. The combination group and the hWRCP group had significantly smaller tumor volumes compared with the 5-FU group (778±202 mm(3), both <0.05). The combination group had the highest tumor inhibition rate (47.7%), followed by the hWRCP group (35.2%) and 5-FU group (28.3%). The 5-FU group had a lower body weight increase (1.37±2.06 g versus 5.60±0.72 g, <0.05) and a lower spleen index (4.064±1.774 mg/10 g versus 5.294±1.796 mg/10 g) as compared with the control group, whereas the combination group reversed the changes in the 5-FU group with the body weight increase of 3.52±1.80 g (P <0.05) and spleen index of 7.036±1.599 mg/10 g (P <0.05). The spleen indices in the hWRCP, mWRCP, and IWRCP group were all significantly higher than that in the 5-FU group (P <0.01 or P<0.05). No significant differences in body weight change were observed in WRCP groups compared with the control group P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment combination of WRCP and 5-FU was more effective in the inhibition of tumor growth than either agent alone and may have potentially additional benefit in improving the general condition and immunity of the mice with human breast cancer cell implants.</p>