The Effect of Maternal Trait Mindfulness on Preschoolers' Social Competence: The Chain-Mediating Role of Maternal Self-Control and Problematic Social Media Use.

The impact of maternal trait mindfulness on the development of preschoolers' social competence is receiving increasing attention from researchers. However, the mediating mechanisms that link maternal mindfulness to preschoolers' social competence are still not well understood. This study examined the mediating effect of maternal self-control and problematic social media use on the association between maternal trait mindfulness and preschoolers' social competence. We administered 407 mothers of preschoolers in China a questionnaire to assess their trait mindfulness, self-control, problematic social media use, and the degree of social competence of their children. After controlling for demographic variables, the results showed that (1) Maternal trait mindfulness was positively related to preschoolers' social competence; (2) Maternal self-control and problematic social media use independently mediated the relationship between maternal trait mindfulness and preschoolers' social competence; and (3) Maternal self-control and problematic social media use play a chain-mediating role between maternal trait mindfulness and preschoolers' social competence. These findings have enhanced our understanding of how maternal trait mindfulness influences preschoolers' social competence and holds important implications for interventions aimed at enhancing preschoolers' social competence.

Experimental Research on the Effect of Tounong San on the Immune Function of Rats with Superficial Suppurative Infection.

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effect of Tounong San (TNS), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription for suppurative infections, on the immune function. Methods: A suppurative infection model was established by injecting Staphylococcus aureus into subcutaneous tissue on the backs of rats. The expressions of CD68, CD163, CD31 and MPO in abscess tissues, phagocytosis rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of neutrophils in blood, phagocytosis function of peritoneal macrophages, and proliferation of blood lymphocytes, expression of IL-1, IL-6, CH50, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgG, IgM in serum were detected at different time points. Results: On the 3rd day of medication, fibrinogen wrapped around the abscesses was visible in TNS groups, with an increase in new blood vessels and the expression of a large number of macrophages and neutrophils. On the 6th day, the pus of TNS groups diminished, and the number of new blood vessels reached its peak. On the 9th day, the abscesses disappeared in TNS groups, fewer new blood vessels, macrophages, and neutrophils were expressed, and more fibrocytes appeared and filled the original pus cavities. On the 3rd and 9th day of medication, the phagocytic rates of neutrophils and macrophages were significantly improved in TNS group, and the ROS content of neutrophils was increased on the 9th day. TNS has no effect on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, but it can regulate the secretion of IgG and IgM by lymphocytes. TNS increases the level of IL-1, decreases the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and regulates the expressions of IFN-γ and CH50 in two ways. Conclusion: TNS can form fibrinogen-wrapped pus to prevent bacterial infection from going deeper, and to improve the phagocytic function of phagocytes, the secretion of lymphocytes, and the defense function of the complement system. Therefore, it is a competitive drug for the treatment of suppurative diseases.

[Analysis of the chloroplast genome of Incarvillea younghusbandii Sprague].

Incarvillea younghusbandii Sprague is a traditional tonic herb. The roots are used as herbal medicine for nourishing and strengthening, as well as treating postpartum milk deficiency and weakness. In this study, the chloroplast genome of I. younghusbandii was sequenced and assembled by the high-throughput sequencing technology. The sequence characteristics, sequence repeats, codon usage bias, phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence time of I. younghusbandii were analyzed. The 159 323 bp sequence contained a large single copy (80 197 bp), a small single copy (9 030 bp) and two inverted repeat sequences (35 048 bp). It contained 120 genes, including 77 protein coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes and 35 transfer RNA genes. AAA was the most frequent codon in the chloroplast coding sequence of I. younghusbandii. A total of 42 simple sequence repeats were identified in the chloroplast genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed I. younghusbandii was mostly like its taxonomically close relative Incarvillea compacta. The divergence between I. younghusbandii and I. compacta was dated to 4.66 million years ago. This study was significant for the scientific conservation and development of resources related to I. compacta. It also provides a basic genetic resource for the subsequent species identification of the genus Incarvillea, and the population genetic diversity study of Bignoniaceae.

Comparative investigation of the effects of electron beam and X-ray irradiation on potato starch: Structure and functional properties.

Electron beam (particle radiation) and X-ray (electromagnetic radiation) without radioisotope in the application of material modification have received increasing attention in the last decade. To clarify the effect of electron beam and X-ray on the morphology, crystalline structure and functional properties of starch, potato starch was irradiated using electron beam and X-ray at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 kGy, respectively. Electron beam and X-ray treatment increased the amylose content of starch. The surface morphology of starch did not change at lower doses (< 5 kGy), but starch granules were aggregated with the increase of doses. All treatments decreased crystallinity, viscosity and swelling power but increased solubility and stability properties. The effects of electron beam and X-ray on the starch had a similar trend. Unlike X-ray, electron beam destructed the crystallinity of starch to a lesser extent, thereby increasing thermal stability and freeze-thaw stability. Furthermore, X-ray irradiation at higher doses (> 10 kGy) resulted in outstanding anti-retrogradation properties of starch compared with electron beam treatment. Thus, particle and electromagnetic irradiation displayed an excellent ability to modify starch with respective specific characteristics, which expands the potential application of these irradiations in the starch industry.

[Placebo control and its methodological issues on clinical trials of acupuncture therapy].

The paper introduces the placebo acupuncture simulation devices commonly used in clinical trial of acupuncture therapy. These devices are composed of Streitberger, Park, Takakura, Foam and Phantom acupuncture. Because acupuncture therapy is a kind of complex intervention, there are the controversies in methodology for the acupuncture placebo control of clinical trial. Placebo acupuncture may be an effective control, with a certain of specific therapeutic effect. The blinding effect of placebo acupuncture is highly questioned, specially, the sensation of deqi is hardly imitated during acupuncture. On these grounds, in this research, the suggestions has been proposed on the selection and the setting of placebo control in clinical trial of acupuncture therapy.

[Exploration and reflection on evaluation methodology of human use experience for new Chinese drug development].

The "triple combination" review system provides an opportunity for the transformation of human use experience into new Chinese drugs. However, there are some methodological and technical limitations in the assessment of human experience. Hence, the efficacy and safety evaluation methods should be established in accordance with the characteristics of Chinese herbs. This study summarized some evidence-based methodology to promote the transformation of human use experience to new Chinese drugs, mainly including the individualized pragmatic randomized controlled trial(RCT), cluster RCT, single-case RCT, single arm RCT with objective performance criteria, and partially nested RCT. As the real world data can be used to support the transformation of human experience, attention should be paid to convenient and efficient collection of data, prudent selection of design types, and adoption of appropriate ana-lysis methods to deal with confounding bias, including multi-factor regression model and propensity score. The newly proposed mixed research method can also be utilized to assess the human use experience, which is suitable for mining the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and expert experience from different aspects. Meanwhile, considering the study design requirements and TCM cha-racteristics, this study put forward the common problems and solutions in the development of new Chinese drugs based on human use experience, including how to select the feasible outcome indicators, how to collect prescription data in the case of herb and dosage adjustment, and how to evaluate the comprehensive effectiveness of TCM from the perspective of "combination of disease and syndrome".

[Sample size estimation in acupuncture and moxibustion clinical trials].

The appropriate sample size estimation is very important in the design of clinical trials. However, insufficient or inappropriate sample size estimation is still a prominent problem in the currently published acupuncture and moxibustion clinical trials. At present, the superiority test, non-inferiority test and equivalence test have been widely used in acupuncture and moxibustion clinical trials. This article focuses on the application, calculation methods and PASS11 software using of these three hypothesis test types. In view of the problems in the estimation of sample size in acupuncture and moxibustion clinical trials, the particularity of sample size estimation in acupuncture and moxibustion is summarized from the aspects of parameter setting, ratio of intervention group and control group, and multi-group comparison, in order to guide acupuncture clinical researchers to correctly estimate sample size when conducting clinical trials.

Systematic review and pathway enrichment analysis of Chinese medicine in preventing recurrence and improving prognosis of cholelithiasis after gallbladder-preserving lithotripsy.

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may improve the prognosis management of cholelithiasis patients after gallbladder-preserving lithotripsy. To explore the evidence for this view, we systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of TCM for improving the prognosis of cholelithiasis after gallbladder-preserving lithotripsy and performed functional pathway enrichment analysis of TCM target genes. METHODS: In this systematic review (SRs), we searched six Chinese or international databases to collect randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of TCM in preventing the recurrence of cholelithiasis after gallbladder-preserving lithotripsy. The literature was independently screened by 2 reviewers, who then extracted the data. The Cochrane risk-of-bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tools were used to assess the included studies' risk of bias and quality of evidence, respectively. And, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses would be conducted on the TCM prescriptions in the included literature to find the effective component and mechanism of TCM in the prognosis management of gallbladder-preserving lithotripsy. Analysis in this research would be conducted by R 3.5.2 software. RESULTS: A total of 1,024 articles were retrieved, and 9 RCTs involving 926 participants were included after the step-by-step screening. The risk of bias for each important outcome in all the studies was "uncertain". The meta-analysis showed that compared with blank control, TCM prevented cholelithiasis by decreasing the recurrence rate, complications incidence, gallbladder wall thickness, and gallbladder contraction degree. But, there were no significant differences in the rate of the adverse reaction. The result of the GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the mechanism of prevention of TCM in gallstone recurrence may be related to the cholesterol metabolic pathway and that naringin from Glycyrrhiza may be the effective component in the prevention of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Existing evidence suggests that the use of TCM may reduce the recurrence rate after gallbladder-preserving lithotripsy and this effect may be related to the flavonoid glycoside naringin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, but more RCTs with high quality in this area may be needed to have a robust conclusion.

Impact of Tai Chi on CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are significantly increased, and their progressive increases are clinical warning indicators of severe and critical severity. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of Tai Chi on CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6, and provide a basis for complementary treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: Five English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Library and Embase) and four Chinese electronic databases (CNKI, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database and SinoMed) were searched from inception to April 1st, 2020. Combination MeSH and free text terms were used to make up search strategy. Interventions in RCTs were Tai Chi with or without comparison (usual care, health education, drug therapy, psychosocial therapy). Revman version 5.3 was used to analyze the extracted data. Continuous outcomes were described by SMD, and the I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity. Revised Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess methodological quality. RESULTS: Nine RCTs involving 571 participants met the inclusion criteria, and the sample size ranged from 19 to 100 per study. Tai Chi can significantly reduce TNF-alpha (Tai Chi intervention: SMD =-0.92, 95% CI: -1.32 to -0.53; Tai Chi plus drug treatment intervention: SMD =-0.63, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.11), moreover, it could reduce the amount of IL-6 (Tai Chi intervention: SMD =-0.62, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.23; Tai Chi plus drug treatment intervention: SMD =-2.17, 95% CI: -3.69 to -0.64) and CRP (Tai Chi plus drug treatment intervention: SMD =-1.98, 95% CI: -2.47 to -1.50) while with a high exercise amount. A low exercise amount of Tai Chi showed poor efficacy on CRP (Tai Chi intervention: SMD =-0.18, 95% CI: -0.61 to 0.25; Tai Chi plus drug treatment intervention: SMD =-0.15, 95% CI: -0.47 to 0.16) and IL-6 (Tai Chi intervention: SMD =0.15, 95% CI: -0.24 to 0.55). DISCUSSION: The strength of evidence might be limited due to relatively low methodological quality, heterogeneity and indirectness. The overall results elucidate that Tai Chi could significantly reduce TNF-alpha while it did not show the same effects in IL-6 and CRP. After subgroup analysis, Tai Chi with a high exercise amount can reduce IL-6 and CRP. Tai Chi with a high exercise amount could be suggested as a complementary intervention for people with COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020177655.

Clinical Epidemiology in China series. Paper 1: Evidence-based medicine in China: An oral history study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and record the evolution of EBM in China. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted the study following the general methodology of oral history. The interviews were done at Lanzhou University, between 18th and 22nd April 2019 using pre-defined questions. All interviews were videorecorded. Two investigators extracted and analyzed the information from the interviews independently. RESULTS: One international expert and ten Chinese experts participated in the interviews. After the introduction of EBM in China in the mid-1990s, more than 20 EBM centres have been established. According to the interviewees, Gordon Guyatt, David Sackett and Iain Chalmers are the international experts who played the most important role in the development of EBM in China. China has contributed to EBM on the international level by conducting systematic reviews, developing reporting checklists, and introducing the principles of EBM into Traditional Medicine. The Chinese Cochrane Centre and the EBM Centre of Lanzhou University were ranked the top two EBM Centres in China by the interviewees. CONCLUSION: EBM has been developing in China for nearly a quarter of a century. Many achievements have been reached, however, EBM is still facing many challenges in China, including shortages of funding support and personnel, as well as limited local high-quality evidence.

[Moxibustion on plaque psoriasis of blood stasis: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the short-term and long-term effects of moxibustion on plaque psoriasis of blood stasis, and to compare the curative effect between moxibustion and calcipotriol ointment. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with plaque psoriasis of blood stasis were randomly divided into an observation group (40 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (40 cases, 4 cases dropped off). Both groups were given routine medical vaseline topical emollient basic treatment. In the observation group, moxibustion was applied to ashi point (target skin lesions), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuehai (SP 10) and Qihai (CV 6) for 30 min each time, 3 times a week. The control group was treated with calcipotriol ointment (0.25 g each time, once in the morning and evening) on the target skin lesions. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score before and after treatment, main clinical symptoms of TCM score and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) score before and after treatment and 3 and 6 moths follow-up were observed in the two groups; the clinical efficacy after treatment was evaluated and the recurrence rates of the two groups were followed up for 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the PASI scores in the both groups were lower than before treatment (P<0.01). After treatment and 3 and 6 months follow-up, the main clinical symptoms of TCM scores and DLQI scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and at 3 and 6 months follow-up, those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in overall effective rate and target skin lesion effective rate (P>0.05). At 3 and 6 months follow-up, the overall recurrence rate and target skin lesion recurrence rate in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both moxibustion and calcipotriol ointment have good short-term effects on plaque psoriasis of blood stasis. Moxibustion has more advantages in reducing the recurrence rate of psoriasis, improving the main clinical symptoms of TCM and quality of life.

Effectiveness of Herbal Medicine for Leukopenia/Neutropenia Induced by Chemotherapy in Adults with Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) on leukopenia/neutropenia induced by chemotherapy in adults with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Eight electronic databases were searched from their inception to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials with clarified sequence generation were qualified. Two reviewers independently conducted the screening and data extraction. Methodological quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias tool. RevMan 5.4 was applied to the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies involving 1867 participants were qualified, of which 26 were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that CHM significantly reduced the incidence of leukopenia induced by chemotherapy (RR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.59-0.82), as well as the grade 3/4 leukopenia (RR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.55-0.90). Meanwhile,CHM decreased the occurrence of neutropenia (RR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.77), especially for the grades 3/4 neutropenia (RR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.27-0.64). Twenty-six of the included studies focused on the adverse events related to CHM. CONCLUSION: CHM may relieve neutropenia/leukopenia induced by chemotherapy in adults with colorectal cancer.

The Use of Multiple Primary Outcomes in Randomized Controlled Trials of Chinese Herbal Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Multiple primary outcomes are commonly used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). Analysis and interpretation of the results of CHM RCTs with many outcomes are not clear. No previous studies have systematically assessed the use of multiple primary outcomes in this area. This study aimed to assess the reporting of multiple primary outcomes and the statistical methods used to adjust multiplicity in RCTs of CHM. METHODS: Search for RCTs of CHM published in English between January 2010 and December 2019 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was undertaken. We randomly selected 20% of the included RCTs as the analyzing sample of this study. The number of multiple primary outcomes, the methods used to adjust the multiplicity in statistical analysis and sample size estimate, and the trial information were collected. For RCTs that adopted multiple primary outcomes without the multiplicity adjustment, we used Bonferroni correction to adjust. RESULTS: 227 CHM RCTs were included in our study. 92 (40.5%) failed to report what their primary outcome was. Of 135 (59.5%) RCTs that reported primary outcome, 93 (68.9%) reported one and 42 (31.1%) reported more than one primary outcome (range 2-5). Of 42 RCTs that reported multiple primary outcomes, only 5 adjusted for multiple outcomes. If multiplicity had been accounted for using Bonferroni correction, 10 (37.0%) RCTs that reported a significant result had demonstrated a nonsignificant result, giving the adjusted P value. Only one of the 42 RCTs calculated sample size based on multiple primary outcomes. Adopting multiple primary outcomes showed a slow growth trend with the publication year. The proportion of primary outcome reported explicitly in RCTs was different in terms of the nationality of the first author (P=0.004), in which mainland China has the lowest proportion (55.8%). The highest percentage of the studies with primary outcome reporting explicitation was mental and behavioural disorders (83.3%), and the most frequently adopting multiple primary outcomes were studies on the disease of the nervous system (66.7%). The percentage of reporting primary outcome explicitly was associated with sample size (P < 0.001); for the percentage of RCTs adopting multiple primary outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.739). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple primary outcomes are prevalent in CHM RCTs. However, appropriate methods are not usually taken in most of the analyses to safeguard the inferences against multiplicity. Sample size estimation based on multiple primary outcomes is still lacking. These issues complicate the interpretability of trial results and can lead to spurious conclusions. Guidelines to improve analyzing and reporting for multiple primary outcomes in CHM RCTs are warranted.

Efficacy and safety of Huazhi Rougan granule in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of Huazhi Rougan granule in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver. METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang databases, VIP databases, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed) were searched to identify the relevant randomized controlled trials, from the establishment of the database to June 7, 2020. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for assessing risk of bias was employed to evaluate the quality of the literatures included. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 23 related literature were retrieved, 9 studies with 1,142 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall quality of evidence for this study is low. Meta-analysis results suggest that, Huazhi Rougan granule combined with conventional treatment was significantly superior to the silybin control group in the improvement of liver B-ultrasound, reduction of serological indexes, increase of high-density lipoprotein and total clinical effective rate, which was statistically significant. The improvement of serum lipid parameters included alanine aminotransferase (ALT): [mean deviation (MD) =-10.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): -17.09, -3.90, P<0.05], aspartate transaminase (AST): (MD =-9.44, 95% CI: -14.62, -4.26, P<0.05), total cholesterol (TC): (MD =-0.77, 95% CI: -0.94, -0.60, P<0.05), triglyceride (TG): (MD =-0.40, 95% CI: -0.56, -0.24, P<0.05). Reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: (MD =-0.40, 95% CI: -0.56, -0.24, P<0.05). Clinical effective rate: [risk ratio (RR) =1.25, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.36, P<0.05]. Occurrence of adverse reactions: Of the 9 studies included, 5 reported adverse reactions, of which 3 reported no drug-related adverse reactions. Adverse reactions were reported in 2 cases, all of which were mild adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical efficacy of Huazhi Rougan granule combined with conventional basic therapy in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver may be better than that of conventional basic therapy combined with silybin, which may improve the B-ultrasonic grading effect of the liver and reduce the serum lipid parameters of the patients. it may improve the clinical symptoms of non-alcoholic fatty liver, and the incidence of adverse reactions is low, but the number of existing clinical studies is small and the quality is low, in order to further verify the above conclusions. More high-quality clinical RCT trials need to be carried out, and internationally recognized outcome indicators should be selected and uniformly included in the scoring criteria.

Randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine published in English from 2010 to 2019: a bibliometrics study.

BACKGROUND: As the use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the international market increases, the number of clinical studies including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CHM which published in international journals has also increased. Using bibliometrics, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed the research status of CHM RCTs published in English during the period of 2010 to 2019. METHODS: Electronic searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were undertaken. CHM RCTs published in English between January 2010 and December 2019 were included. We randomly selected 20% from the eligible articles. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out by extracting information on general information, characteristics of the study participants, interventions, outcomes, and risk of bias assessment of included RCTs. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-seven CHM RCTs published in English were included in our study. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine was the journal which published most of the relevant papers (22.0%). A total of 45,774 participants were included, sample size ranged from 12 to 3,143 (median: 115). The most common disease was the circulatory diseases (n=36, 15.9%). Decoction was the most common dosage form (28.2%), and "CHM vs. placebo" was the most common type of control (36.1%). The median of the total number of outcomes was 4 (range, 1-14), 92 (40.5%) did not clearly specify any primary outcome, 56 (24.7%) did not report any adverse event, 41 (18.1%) and 68 (30.0%) reported traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-specific outcomes and quality of life, respectively. Eighty-five (37.4%) did not report sufficient information about the random sequence generation process, 100 (44.1%) used the adequate allocation concealment, 92 (40.5%) blinded participants and key study personnel, and 24 (10.6%) blinded outcome assessors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provided insight into the research status regarding CHM RCTs published in English during the past decade, this study may be helpful in understanding research trends in this field.

Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in simulated wastewater for the biomass production, nutrients removal and CO2 fixation simultaneously.

Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was promising microalgae to simultaneously achieve biomass production, carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation, nutrients removal and proteins production especially under different conditions of CO2 gas and wastewaters. Results presented that maximal specific growth rate of C. vulgaris was 0.21-0.35 d-1 and 0.33-0.43 d-1 at 0.038% and 10% CO2 respectively, and corresponding maximal CO2 fixation rate was attended with 4.51-14.26 and 56.26-85.72 mg CO2·L-1·d-1. C. vulgaris showed good wastewater removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus at 10% CO2 with 96.12%-99.61% removal rates. Nitrogen fixation amount achieved 41.86 mg L-1 when the initial NH4Cl concentration was set at 60 mg L-1 at 10% CO2. Improved total protein (25.01-365.49 mg) and amino acids (24.56-196.44 mg) contents of C. vulgaris biomass was observed with the increasing of added CO2 and ammonium concentrations. Moreover, the developed kinetic function of C. vulgaris growth depends on both phosphorus quota and nitrogen quota with correlation coefficient (R2) ranged from 0.68 to 0.97. Computed maximal consumed nutrients concentrations (ΔCmax) based on Logistic function are positively related to initial NH4+-N concentrations, which indicated that adding ammonium could stimulate the utilization of both phosphorus and nitrogen.

Dexmedetomidine and levobupivacaine co-loaded, transcriptional transactivator peptide modified nanostructured lipid carriers or lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, which performed better for local anesthetic therapy?

Local anesthetics (LAs) have been widely applied in clinic for regional anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, and management of acute and chronic pain. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) are reported as good choices for LA therapy. Transactivated transcriptional activator (TAT) was reported as a modifier for the topical delivery of drugs. In the present study, TAT modified, levobupivacaine (LEV) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) co-delivered NLCs (TAT-LEV&DEX-NLCs, T-L&D-N) and LPNs (TAT-LEV&DEX-LPNs, T-L&D-L) were designed and compared for the LA therapy. T-L&D-L exhibited better efficiency in improving the skin permeation, analgesic time, and pain control intensity than T-L&D-N both in vitro and in vivo. On the other side, T-L&D-N also improved the therapeutic effect of drugs to a large extent. These two systems both exhibited superiority in some respects. TAT modified LPNs are more promising platform for the long-term local anesthesia.

Traditional Chinese medicine for psoriasis vulgaris: A Protocol of a prospective, multicenter cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of psoriasis vulgaris is increasing worldwide. Chronic recurrence of the disease, as well as accompanying cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and depression has affected the physical and mental health of these patients. Psoriasis vulgaris is a difficult and major disease in the dermatology field. Short-term curative effects using conventional therapy for psoriasis vulgaris has made major strides. However, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment has long-term curative advantages for psoriasis vulgaris but lacks the scientific and clinical evidence for its use. This study intends to demonstrate and provide scientific and clinical evidence for the use of TCM to delay the recurrence of psoriasis vulgaris. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This will be a prospective, multicenter cohort study. We intend to recruit 1521 psoriasis vulgaris patients from 14 hospitals in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Treatment will be based on the diagnosis specifications and clinical practice guidelines of TCM and conventional therapy. During inclusion and the subsequent follow-up period, doctors through electronic case reports will collect different therapeutic TCM regimens and conventional therapy that were administered. Information on life condition, skin lesions at each visit, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Zung Self-assessment of Depression, laboratory examinations, incidence of new rash and recurrence during the remission and recurrence stages will be recorded. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The clinical trial protocol for this study was approved by the ethics committee of the Beijing hospital of TCM affiliated to capital medical university (Ethics number: 2019BL02-010-02). We will publish and present our results at national and international conferences and in peer-reviewed journals specialized in dermatology. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This protocol has been registered in clinicaltrials. gov (ChiCTR1900021629).

[Thoughts and suggestions on analysis of death cases report during COVID-19 epidemic].

It is an essential task to discuss the death cases for clinicians. During the emergent public events, the report and analysis of death cases is of far-reaching significance. The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has brought huge losses to China, and the medical system has been sustaining tremendous pressure. The best weapon to defeat the epidemic is medical data and related scientific research, of which the systematic analysis and efficient use of death cases is a key step. Based on the incomplete record of death case report, the lack of humanistic perspective and patient report, every department and institution is facing great challenge in terms of data management. Given that the relevant systems need to be improved, and that the integration of standardized reports and clinical research is not mature,as well as other problems, we put forward several methodological suggestions: ① Establish national medical and health data center and improve relevant laws and regulations. ② Increase investment in medical data management and start data collection and analysis as early as possible during the epidemic. ③ Refine the content of death case report and promote the standardization of report. ④ Pay close attention to the report of death cases, review, summary and analysis. More importantly, we should continue to build and improve platforms and programs related to disease control, carry out epidemic-associated scientific research, enhance the managing efficiency of public health data, elevate the anti-risk capability of our medical system, and promote the steady progress of the health China strategy.

[Analysis of adverse events and influencing factors in randomized controlled trials of oral Chinese medicine published in English].

In order to analyze the incidence of adverse events(AE) and evaluate the related influencing factors in randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of oral Chinese medicine which published in English, Medline, EMbase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL) database were searched. Oral Chinese medicine RCTs published in English from January 2009 to July 2018 were collected to extract the basic characteristics, subjects, intervention characteristics and AE information. The AE incidence of each study was merged by using Meta analysis. Finally, 218 RCTs were included, of which 28.4% did not report any AE. A total of 1 634 AE occurred in 103 oral Chinese medicine groups, and the total incidence of AE was 11.2%(95%CI[10.7%, 11.7%]). The highest incidence of AE came to blood routine laboratory abnormalities, 8.0%(95%CI[6.6%, 9.7%]), followed by neurological and psychiatric systems 7.9%(95%CI[6.6%, 9.5%]), digestive system 7.8%(95%CI[6.8%, 8.9%]) and liver function abnormalities 7.6%(95%CI[6.4%, 8.9%]). Among the oral dosage forms, tablets and granules had the highest incidence of AEs, while decoction and oral liquids had the lowest incidence. The combination of oral Chinese medicine and Western medicine had the highest incidence of AE. As the medication course increased, the incidence of AE increased accordingly. The incidence of AE in children was higher than that in adults. Based on the analysis results, the higher AE incidence of oral Chinese medicine was in the neuropsychiatric system, gastrointestinal system and liver function abnormalities. The incidence of AE was related to the dosage form, drug combination, medication duration, and patient age. We should pay attention to the AE in children due to modern dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine, combination of Chinese and Western medicine, and long course of medication.