Association of vitamins B1 and B2 intake with early-onset sarcopenia in the general adult population of the US: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018.

Background: Early-onset sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that occurs at an early age. This condition perpetuates the vicious cycle of muscle loss and is associated with adverse outcomes. It is important to identify the contributing factors for early intervention and prevention. While diet is known to impact muscle mass, the association of B vitamins with early-onset sarcopenia remains unexplored. Objectives: To investigate the association of B vitamins intake with early-onset sarcopenia risk in a cross-sectional study. Methods: We conducted data analysis on a total of 8,711 participants aged between 20 and 59 years who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. Early-onset sarcopenia was defined as a SMI measured by DXA that was one standard deviation below the sex-specific mean of the reference population. B vitamins intake (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, and B12) was assessed by 24-h dietary recall. We used weighted multiple logistic regression and RCS models to estimate the OR and 95% CI of sarcopenia by B vitamins intake, adjusting for demographic, physical, lifestyle, comorbidities, and nutritional covariates. Results: Higher intake of vitamin B1 was associated with a 22% lower sarcopenia risk (OR = 0.78, CI = 0.63-0.97, p = 0.022), and higher intake of vitamin B2 with a 16% lower risk (OR = 0.84, CI = 0.74-0.97, p = 0.012) in both genders. Gender-specific analyses showed a 28% reduction in sarcopenia risk among males with each additional mg of vitamin B1 intake (OR = 0.72, CI = 0.52-0.97, p = 0.038), and a 26% decrease among females with each additional mg of vitamin B2 intake (OR = 0.74, CI = 0.57-0.96, p = 0.021). No significant differences were found between vitamin B2 and males, or between vitamin B1 and females. The RCS model suggested a nonlinear relationship between vitamin B2 intake and sarcopenia risk (POverall = 0.001, PNonlinear = 0.033), with a plateau effect above 3 mg/d. Conclusion: Higher intake of vitamin B1 and B2 may lower the risk of early-onset sarcopenia, with gender differences. This suggests the potential of nutritional intervention by increasing these vitamins intake through diet and supplements. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and design targeted interventions.

Efficacy of Ganshuang granules on non-alcoholic fatty liver and underlying mechanism: a network pharmacology and experimental verification.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential pharmacological mechanisms of Ganshuang granules (, GSG) in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). METHODS: All the active components and targets of GSG were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. Protein-Protein interaction network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology function annotation of common targets were analyzed to predict the mechanisms of action of GSG in the treatment of NAFLD. Then, the mouse models of NAFLD were constructed in a diet-induced manner and treated with GSG. The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway-related proteins in the liver of mice in each group were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: Network pharmacology revealed a total of 159 potential targets of GSG for the treatment of NAFLD. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be involved during GSG treatment of NAFLD. Further experiments showed that the significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in NAFLD model mice serum after GSG treatment, as well as the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the liver. Furthermore, drug intervention increased the protein expression levels of phosphorylated-PI3K (P-PI3K) and P-AKT in the liver of the model group mice, and decreased the protein expression level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. CONCLUSION: We found that GSG is effective in treating NAFLD and the potential therapeutic targets may be involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Efficacy of luteolin on the human gastric cancer cell line MKN45 and underlying mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antitumour efficacy of luteolin on gastric cancer (GC) and study the mechanism underpinning the action. METHODS: Effects of luteolin on cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in MKN45 cells were investigated using the cell counting kit-8 assay. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential after luteolin treatment were assessed using 5,5',6,6'-tetra-chloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanineiodi-de (JC-1) staining. To investigate whether apoptotic effect by luteolin is related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/Akt) pathway, cells were additionally treated with LY294002, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor. Moreover, the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, namely B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Akt, p-Akt, caspase-3, and cytochrome C, were detected after luteolin treatment. RESULTS: The study revealed that in MKN45 cells, luteolin could inhibit the cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner; block the cell cycle in the S-phase; induce apoptosis; reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential; increase the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and cytochrome C; and decrease the expression of Bcl-2 and p-Akt. Luteolin might be involved in the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, indicating that this pathway could be a therapeutic target for GC treatment. CONCLUSION: Luteolin could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells and block the cell cycle in the S-phase. The mechanism of inducing apoptosis in these cells was related to the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

Early Efficacy Predictors of Bushen Shengxue Prescription Combined with Western Medicine in Treatment of Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive indicators of early efficacy of Bushen Shengxue prescription combined with western medicine in the treatment of aplastic anemia， and provide prognosis indicators for the treatment of aplastic anemia （AA） with kidney-tonifying therapy in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） combined with western medicine. MethodA total of 126 patients treated by Bushen Shengxue prescription combined with western medicine in 19 hospitals including Xiyuan Hospital of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2018 to March 2021 were selected for a retrospective study. The therapy was proven to be effective after six months of treatment. According to the efficacy after 4 months of treatment， the patients were assigned into a 4-month effective group and a 4-month ineffective group. The age， sex， disease severity （including severe aplastic anemia and non-severe aplastic anemia）， course of disease， degree of bone marrow nucleated cell proliferation， baseline hemogram levels ［including white blood cell count （WBC）， absolute neutrophil count （ANC）， hemoglobin （HGB）， platelets （PLT）， and reticulocytes （RET）］， T lymphocytes subsets， and the expression levels of T-box transcription factor （T-bet） and GATA-binding protein-3 （GATA-3） were compared between the two groups before treatment. ResultThe proportions of patients within the age ranges of ［20， 40） and ［60， 80） were higher in the 4-month effective group （P<0.05）. The sex， disease severity， course of disease， and comorbidities had no significant differences between the two groups. The 4-month effective group had higher baseline levels of HGB， WBC， ANC， and PLT than the 4-month ineffective group （P<0.05）， and there was no significant difference in the RET level between the two groups before treatment. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the PLT level before treatment was an independent factor affecting the onset time， while other indicators did not affect the onset time. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was established to analyze the value of PLT level before treatment for predicting the onset time， and the area under the curve was 0.691. With the critical value of 40.5×109/L， the sensitivity and specificity of the prediction that the therapy will take effect within 4 months were 0.569 and 0.893， respectively. The two groups of patients were graded according to age ｛（14， 20）， ［20， 40）， ［40， 60）， and ［60， 80）｝ and PLT level before treatment （PLT<40×109/L， PLT≥40×109/L）. The proportion of the patients with PLT≥40×109/L before treatment in the 4-month effective group was significantly higher than that in the 4-month ineffective group （P<0.05）. The degree of bone marrow nucleated cell proliferation before treatment had no significant difference between the two groups. The level of total T lymphocytes in the 4-month effective patients was lower than that in the 4-month ineffective patients before treatment （P<0.05）. The levels of Th1 cells， Th2 cells， CD4+ T cells， and CD8+ T cells showed no significant differences between the two groups before treatment. The T-bet expression level in the 4-month effective group was higher than that in the 4-month ineffective group before treatment （P<0.05）， while the expression level of GATA-3 showed no significant difference between the two groups before treatment. ConclusionBushen Shengxue prescription combined with western medicine will achieve faster effect for the patients within the age ranges of ［20， 40） or ［40， 60）， with higher levels of HGB， WBC， ANC， and PLT （especially those with PLT≥40×109/L）， lower level of total T lymphocytes， or higher T-bet expression level before treatment.

Current research status and application prospect of numerical simulation in traditional Chinese medicine drying / 中国中药杂志

With the rapid development of computer technology, numerical simulation has gradually become an important method to study drying process and improve drying equipment. Using computer to simulate the drying process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is characterized by intuitiveness, scientificity, and low cost, which serves as an auxiliary means for technical innovation in TCM drying. This paper summarizes the theories of different drying methods and the research status of numerical simulation in drying, introduces the modeling methods and software of numerical simulation, and expounds the significance of numerical simulation modeling in shortening the research and development cycle, improving drying equipment, and optimizing drying parameters. However, the current numerical simulation method for drying process has problems, such as low accuracy, lack of quantitative indicators for the control of simulation results on the process, and insufficient in-depth research on the mechanism of drug quality changes. Furthermore, this paper put forward the application prospect of numerical simulation in TCM drying, providing reference for the further study of numerical simulation in this field.

Biomimetic metalloporphyrin oxidase modified carbon nanotubes for highly sensitive and stable quantification of anti-oxidants tert-butylhydroquinone in plant oil.

This study constructed a novel biomimetic enzyme electrochemical biosensor based on tetraphenyl metalloporphyrins functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effect of central metal ions on the catalytic activity of tetraphenyl metalloporphyrin biomimetic enzyme was investigated. It was found that the change of central metal ions had a significant effect on the catalytic performance of metalloporphyrin and Zinc(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) had the most excellent catalytic property. The electrochemical behaviors of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) on ZnTPP/MWCNTs modified electrode were investigated. It was found that the redox peak current was increased significantly, which was attributed to the redox peak current to the electrocatalytic activity of ZnTPP and the synergistic effect between ZnTPP and MWCNTs. A strong linear relationship was shown in the concentration range of 0.01 to 1000 µM. This electrochemical sensor also had excellent repeatability, storage, and interference resistance. This work provided a simple and sensitive method for the determination of TBHQ.

YU Tian-yuan's experience in the clinical application of Danzhong (CV 17) for mental illness / 中国针灸

To summarize YU Tian-yuan's experience of applying Danzhong (CV 17) for mental illness in acupuncture and tuina. YU Tian-yuan uses Danzhong (CV 17) alone or in combination with other acupoints to treat mental illnesses such as insomnia, palpitation and chest distress. Professor YU emphasizes 4 tips when treating diseases, nourishing the heart to tranquilize by light stimulation; regulating spirit by combined stimulation; leaving the acupoints and holding on the meridian for a wide range of stimulation; using rubbing and pushing manipulation in several directions for regulating qi to soothe the chest. And in clinical practice, formed a unique therapy to treat mental illness.

Influencing factors of quality of life in 216 patients with Crohn′s disease and their correlation with readiness for hospital discharge and mindful attention awareness / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To explore the factors influencing the quality of life in patients with Crohn′s disease (CD) and their correlation with readiness for hospital discharge and mindful attention awareness.Methods:From January 20, 2016 to May 20, 2021, 216 patients with CD hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao) were selected. Self-designed general information questionnaire, inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ), readiness for hospital discharge scale (RHDS), mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS), hospital anxiety and depression scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used to conduct questionnaire surveys in patients. Factors influencing the quality of life of CD patients were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test and independent sample t test were used for the comparison between two groups; Kruskal-Wallis H test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison between multiple groups; Pearson analysis was used for correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression method was used for multivariate analysis. Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that the quality of life was poor in CD patients with spouse, primary school education or below, living in cities, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and severe activity. The total IBDQ scores were lower than those with no spouse, junior high school to senior high school and above, living in villages and towns, no sleep disorders, no anxiety, no depression, and in remission and mild to moderate activity (46.23±29.77 vs. 117.45±42.23; 11.00 (6.25, 30.75) vs. 79.00 (56.00, 113.00) and 114.00 (72.50, 157.50); 37.12±30.67 vs. 69.43±24.78 and 126.76±41.54; 42.67±23.18 vs. 124.58±36.52; 50.35±27.23 vs. 122.42±42.41; 51.97±37.29 vs. 113.96±44.18; 11.00 (6.75, 18.00) vs. 154.00 (135.50, 164.50), 97.00(79.00, 112.00) and 49.00(36.75, 62.25)), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-14.40, H=60.56, F=117.61, t=-20.17, -15.20 and -10.87, and H=148.98; all P<0.001). The results of correlation analysis showed that the RHDS score was positively correlated with the scores of each dimension and total scores of IBDQ ( r=0.646 to 0.781, all P<0.001); the MAAS score was positively correlated with the scores of each dimension and total scores of IBDQ ( r=0.331 to 0.382, all P<0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that readiness for hospital discharge, level of mindful attention awareness, education level, place of residence, sleep disorders, whether with anxiety and disease activity were the influencing factors of the quality of life of CD patients ( t=4.19, 5.38, 2.36, 2.88, 2.85, 3.11 and -7.22, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The quality of life is poor in CD patients with primary school education or below, live in cities, sleep disorders, anxiety, severe activity, low readiness for hospital discharge and low level of mindful attention awareness. Doctors and nurses should pay attention to these patients and improve their quality of life.

Expert Consensus on Sepsis Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

To give full play to the therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in sepsis， clarify the entry point of integrated TCM and western medicine， further standardize the clinical treatment of TCM， develop a recognized and integrated treatment protocol of TCM and western medicine， and improve the clinical efficacy on sepsis，the Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine organized TCM and western medicine experts specialized in sepsis treatment to conduct in-depth discussions on the advantages of TCM and integrated TCM and western medicine in the treatment of sepsis based on the TCM etiology and pathogenesis of sepsis， a representative acute and critical disease. They emphasized the pathogenesis characteristics of asthenia of healthy Qi and sthenia of pathogenic factors and summarized the roles of Chinese medicine in correcting the imbalance of inflammatory response， improving blood coagulation dysfunction， and relieving organ damage. Furthermore， they proposed the treatment protocol with integrated TCM and western medicine， which is expected to provide references for actual clinical treatment and scientific research.

Quality control mode based on engineering quality view of Chinese medicine pharmacy / 中国中药杂志

Due to the characteristics of confusing varieties of Chinese medicinal materials, different sources, complex chemical composition, non-standard preparation process, and non-standard pharmaceutical equipment, the quality of Chinese medicinal preparations is difficult to be controlled and evaluated effectively under the current quality control mode and method of Chinese medicinal preparation. The present study proposed an engineering quality view of Chinese medicine pharmacy and a strategy to control the quality of Chinese medicinal preparations based on the current situation. The "overall, dialectical, and dynamic" multi-factor engineering quality view, covering original medicinal materials, preparation technologies, pharmaceutical equipment, and Chinese medicinal preparations, ensures the traceable process, measurable procedures, and feedback quality. The quality control mode of Chinese medicinal preparation with controllable sources, standardized preparation technologies, green pharmaceutical equipment, and intelligent manufacturing is built up.

Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on gut microbiota of rats with Parkinson's disease / 中国中药杂志

Under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory of "Zangfu-organs of spleen and stomach" and the modern theory of "microbiota-gut-brain axis", this study explored the effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on the gut microbiota of rats with Parkinson's disease(PD). The 40 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, PD model group, levodopa group, and Nardostachys jatamansi ethanol extract group. The PD model was established by subcutaneous injection of rotenone in the neck and back area. After 14 days of intragastric administration, the PD rats' behaviors were analyzed through open field test, inclined plane test, and pole test. After the behavioral tests, the striatum, colon, and colon contents of rats in each group were collected. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and α-synuclein(α-syn) in striatum and that of α-syn in colon. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) in striatum and colon. High-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene was conducted to detect the differences in microbial diversity, abundance, differential phyla, and dominant bacteria of rats between groups. The results indicated that Nar. ethanol extract could relieve dyskinesia, reverse the increased levels of α-syn, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB in striatum, and improve the protein expression of TH in striatum of PD rats. The α diversity analysis indicated a significant decrease in diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in the PD model. The results of linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe) of dominant bacteria indicated that Nardostachys jatamansi ethanol extract increased the relative abundance of Clotridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Anaerostipes, and reversed the increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia-Shigella in PD model group to exhibit the neuroprotective effect. In summary, the results indicated that Nar. ethanol extract exert the therapeutic effect on PD rats. Specifically, the extract may regulate gut microbiota, decrease the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and reduce the protein aggregation of α-syn in the colon and striatum to alleviate intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation. This study provides a basis for combining the theory of "Zangfu-organs of spleen and stomach" with the theory of "microbiota-gut-brain axis" to treat PD.

The research for the function evaluation of facial nerve and the mechanisms of rehabilitation training.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) is a common peripheral neural disease. Acupuncture treatment combined with PFP rehabilitation exercises is a routine method of PFP treatment. This article is to provide a new visual and objective evaluation method for exploring the mechanism and efficacy of acupuncture treatment on PFP, and develop an interactive augmented facial nerve function rehabilitation training system with multiple training models. METHODS: This prospective and observational trial will recruit 200 eligible participants for the following study. In the trial, the laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) technology will be applied to monitor the microcirculation of facial blood flow during acupuncture, and real-time monitoring algorithms, data sampling, and digital imaging methods will be conducted by machine learning and image segmentation. Then, a database of patient facial expressions will be built, the correlation between surface blood flow perfusion volume and facial structure symmetry will be analyzed, combined with scale assessment and electrophysiological detection. In addition, we will also explore the objectivity and effectiveness of LASCA in the evaluation of facial paralysis (FP), and the changes in blood flow microcirculation before and after acupuncture treatment will be analyzed. RESULTS: The standard image of the facial target area with facial nerve injury will be manually segmented by the convolutional neural network method. The blood flow images of the eyelid, cheek, and mandible of the patients' affected and healthy side will be compared and evaluated. Laser speckle blood flow symmetry Pr and its changes in FP condition evolution and prognosis outcome will be measured, and relevant characteristic signals values will be extracted. Finally, COX regression analysis method is conducted to establish a higher accuracy prediction model of FP with cross-validation based on laser speckle blood flow imaging technology. CONCLUSIONS: We use modern interdisciplinary high-tech technologies to explore the mechanism of acupuncture rehabilitation training in PFP. And we will provide evidence for the feasibility of using the LASCA technique as a typing diagnosis of FP in the acupuncture rehabilitation treatment of PFP. REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR1800019463.

Effect of High Suspension and Low Incision Surgery Based on Traditional Ligation of Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Mixed Haemorrhoids: A Multi-centre, Randomized, Single-Blind, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of high suspension and low incision (HSLI) surgery on mixed haemorrhoids, compared with Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: A multi-centre, randomized, single-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial was performed. Participants with mixed haemorrhoids from Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Rectum Hospital, Air Force Medical Center of People's Liberation Army of China, and Puyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled from September 2016 to March 2018. By using a blocked randomization scheme, participants were assigned to two groups. The experimental group was treated with HSLI, while the control group was treated with Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy. The primary outcome was the clinical effect evaluated at 12 weeks after operation. The secondary outcomes included the number of haemorrhoids treated during the operation, pain scores, use of analgesics, postoperative oedema, wound healing, incidence of anal stenosis, anorectal manometry after operation, as well as surgical duration, length of stay and total hospitalization expenses. A safety evaluation was also conducted. RESULTS: In total, 246 eligible participants were enrolled, with 123 cases in each group. There was no significant difference in the clinical effect between the two groups (100.00% vs. 99.19%, P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of external haemorrhoids treated during the operation and the pain scores after operation were significantly reduced in the experimental group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the patient number with wound healing at 2 weeks after operation and the functional length of anal canal at 12 weeks after operation were significantly increased in the experimental group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis, the numbers of patients using analgesics and patients with postoperative oedema between the two groups after operation (P>0.05). The surgical duration and length of stay in the experimental group were significantly longer than those in the control group, and the total hospitalization expense was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). No adverse events were reported in either group during the whole trial or follow-up period. CONCLUSION: HSLI had the advantages of preserving the skin of anal canal completely, alleviating postsurgical pain and promoting rapid recovery after operation. (Registration No. ChiCTR1900022883).

Effects of anode materials on the performance and anode microbial community of soil microbial fuel cell.

Five soil microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) with graphite felt, aluminium sheet, activated carbon fibre felt, graphite paper and carbon cloth as anodes were constructed using the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils as substrates. After 115 days of operation, the SMFC with graphite felt anode performed the best in both bioelectricity output and removal of target pollutants, with the bioelectricity output parameters of 345 mV for stable voltage, 24.0 mW/m2 for power density and 774 Ω for internal resistance, and the removal rates of 59.14 % for total petroleum hydrocarbon, 61.65 % for anthracene, and 55.92 % for pyrene, respectively. The conductivity of the material was the key factor affecting the electron transfer rate of the anode, which determined the electric acclimation and screening intensity of SMFC to soil microbes, leading to the growth and succession of the electricigens-dominanted anode microbial community with various abundances of phyla and genera. The surface structure of the anode material played a critical role in the internal resistance of SMFC through affecting the mass transfer of substrate and metabolites, and it might also change the abundance of microbes especially those non-electricigens on the community through different adhesion.

Analysis on quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction / 中国中药杂志

By preparing 15 batches of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction, the methodology of the characteristic spectrums of substance benchmarks was established. The paste-forming rate range, the contents and the transfer rate range of the index components, hydroxy safflower yellow A, ferulic acid and paeoniflorin, the characteristic peaks and the similarity range of the characteristic spectrums of Taohong Siwu Decoction were determined to define key quality attributes of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction.In the 15 batches of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction, the similarity of characteristic spectrums was higher than 0.9. Furthermore, based on summarization of the characteristic peak information, there were 13 characteristic peaks in the whole decoction. Baishao had three characteristic peaks, Honghua had seven characteristic peaks, and Chuanxiong and Danggui had three characteristic peaks. The paste-forming rate of the 15 batches of substance benchmarks was controlled at 33.11%-40.62%. The content of hydroxy safflower yellow A was 0.129%-0.203%, with the average transfer rate of 16.596%±0.669%.The content of ferulic acid was 0.043%-0.055%, with the average transfer rate of 20.489%±1.772%.The content of paeoniflorin was 0.676%-0.943%, with the average transfer rate of 29.112%±3.273%.The quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of classical prescription Taohong Siwu Decoction was analyzed by the combination of characteristic spectrums, paste-forming rate and the content of index components. The established substance benchmark quality evaluation method was stable and feasible, and could provide a basis for quality control and subsequent development of relevant preparations of Taohong Siwu Decoction.

Qualitative analysis of Gynostemma longipes for medicinal usage / 中国中药杂志

The Qinling-Daba Mountains area is the main producing areas of Gynostemma longipes for medicinal usage, and samples of wild whole plants in Pingli, Shaanxi Province and Qingchuan, Sichuan Province were collected. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS~E) was used to profile the chemical compositions and analyze the similarities and differences of G. longipes samples in these areas. Based on the accurate molecular weight and fragment information obtained from Q-TOF-MS~E, the structures of the main components were identified by combining with the mass spectra, chromatographic behaviors of reference standards and related literatures. The results showed that the components of wild G. longipes from different places among Qinling-Daba Mountains area were similar. Forty-five chemical components were identified in the whole plant of G. longipes from Pingli, Shaanxi Province, including 43 triterpenoid saponins and 2 flavonoids which contain all main peaks in its fingerprint. The main components are dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins, such asgypenoside ⅩLⅨ, gypenoside A and its malonylated product of glycosyl.

Textual Research of Classical Prescription Taohong Siwutang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Taohong Siwutang， originating from Fuke Bingjian by CHAI Dehua in the Qing Dynasty， has been included in the first batch of the 100 classical prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）. Taohong Siwutang is composed of six Chinese medicinals， namely the wine-washed Angelicae Sinensis Radix， wine-washed Rehmanniae Recens Radix， wine-washed Carthami Flos， wine-processed Paeoniae Alba Radix， Persicae Semen undergoing peel-off process in hot water， and Chuanxiong Rhizoma， possessing the effects of nourishing blood， promoting blood circulation， and removing blood stasis， and it is mainly applicable to patients with blood deficiency and stasis syndrome. The textual research on the key information of classical prescriptions and the summarization of their ancient and modern applications are conducive to learning about the research status and confirming the subsequent research direction， thus better guiding the preparation of substance benchmarks and the in-depth exploration of preparations. By exploring the sources and historic evolution of Taohong Siwutang and each Chinese medicinal， this paper uncovered the prescription composition， origin of each Chinese medicinal， processing method， and prescription dose. The review of its clinical applications showed that the application scope in modern times has been extended and expanded in contrast to that recorded in ancient books. As revealed by the clinical application literature， it has been mainly employed for treating gynecological diseases such as dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation， orthopedic diseases like fracture， dermatological diseases such as chloasma， and internal diseases such as coronary heart disease， all of which were differentiated into the blood deficiency and stasis syndrome. It could be seen that Taohong Siwutang had great clinical application value. This review of the ancient and modern literature concerned with Taohong Siwutang and the analysis and determination of its key information are expected to provide a reference for the rational clinical application and further research of Taohong Siwutang.

Spectrum-effect relationship of hemostatic effects of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma with different commodity specifications / 中国中药杂志

This article aims to establish the fingerprints, determine the hemostatic pharmacodynamic indicators, and explore the spectrum-effect relationship of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in 12 different specifications. Firstly, HPLC and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) were employed to establish the fingerprints of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. The rat plasma recalcification experiment and the rat gastric bleeding experiment were conducted to determine the pharmacodynamic indicators, including plasma recalcification time(PRT), thrombin time(TT), prothrombin time(PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT). Afterwards, the partial least squares method was employed to explore the spectrum-effect relationship of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in different specifications. Twenty-six common peaks were detected in the HPLC fingerprints of different specifications of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and 11 out of the 26 common peaks represented saponins. The content of dencichine was determined by LC-MS. The rat experiments showed that the pharmacodynamic indicators were significantly different among different specifications of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. The spectrum-effect relationship was explored between 27 common components and pharmacodynamic indicators. Among them, 16 components had positive effects on the pharmacodynamic indicators of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and 11 exerted negative effects. This study provides a basis for the precision medication and quality control of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.

A comprehensive review of integrative pharmacology-based investigation: A paradigm shift in traditional Chinese medicine

Over the past decade, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has widely embraced systems biology and its various data integration approaches to promote its modernization. Thus, integrative pharmacology-based traditional Chinese medicine (TCMIP) was proposed as a paradigm shift in TCM. This review focuses on the presentation of this novel concept and the main research contents, methodologies and applications of TCMIP. First, TCMIP is an interdisciplinary science that can establish qualitative and quantitative pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) correlations through the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines and techniques and from different PK-PD processes

A dose-response meta-analysis on the relationship between daily tea intake and cardiovascular mortality based on the GRADE system / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between daily tea intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were searched to collect research on tea intake and CVD mortality. The search period was from the establishment of the database to June 2020. Two researchers independently screened and extracted literature. The risk of bias was evaluated in the included studies, a dose-response meta-analysis was conducted, sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis of the research results, and quality evaluation of the included literature and GRADE classification of the evidence body were performed. Results: A total of 21 cohort or case-control studies were included, including 1 304 978 subjects. Among them, 38 222 deaths from CVD were reported. The quality scores of the included studies were all ≥ 6 points. The dose-response meta-analysis showed that for every additional cup of tea intake per day, the mortality rate of CVD decreased by about 3% (95%CI 0.95-0.98, P<0.05), and there was a non-linear dose-response relationship (P<0.05). Compared with people who do not drink tea, people who drink 1 to 8 cups of tea a day have 8% lower CVD mortality (RR=0.92, 95%CI 0.89-0.95), 13% (RR=0.87, 95 %CI 0.84-0.91), 15% (RR=0.85, 95%CI 0.82-0.89), 15% (RR=0.85, 95%CI 0.81-0.89), 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.80-0.89), 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.81-0.88), 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.81-0.87), 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.80-0.88), respectively. The results of traditional meta-analysis showed that compared with people who do not drink tea, people who drink more than 1 cup of tea a day are associated with 14% lower CVD mortality rate (RR=0.86, 95%CI 0.81-0.91, I2=73.2%, P<0.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that compared with the corresponding people who did not drink tea, men who drank more than 1 cup of tea a day reduced the CVD mortality rate by 24%, women by 14%, European and American populations by 12%, and Asian populations by 15%. The population who consumed green tea decreased CVD mortality by 15%, and the population of non-smokers decreased CVD mortality by 20% (all P<0.05). The population who consumed black tea decreased CVD mortality by 8%, and the smoking population who consumed black tea decreased CVD mortality by 3%, and the difference was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The results of the bias analysis showed that Begg=0.42 and Egger=0.62, indicating that the distribution on both sides of the funnel chart is symmetrical, suggesting that there is no publication bias. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the effect size of the outcome index did not change significantly after excluding any article, indicating that the results are robust and credible. The GRADE evaluation showed that the evidence grades of the outcome indicators were all low grade. Conclusions: Daily tea consumption is related to reduced CVD mortality. It is therefore recommended to drink an appropriate amount of tea daily.