Instructional and didactic support tool for teaching-learning Post-Partum Haemorrhage care in simulated settings: Creation and validation.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the creation and validation process of an instructional, didactic and self-applied support tool for teaching-learning Post-Partum Haemorrhage care in simulated settings. BACKGROUND: Students frequently face difficulties performing the actions in the proper sequence in Post-Partum Haemorrhage simulated cases. Even in a controlled environment, anxiety, nervousness and fear of making mistakes are evident, which render the simulated experience highly stressful. Having a tool with a guideline can help students perform these actions more assertively. DESIGN: A methodological study to develop a didactic tool. METHODS: The creation process of the didactic tool, called Instructional Disk for the Management of Post-Partum Haemorrhage, was divided into five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Nine experts specialised in Obstetrics and Midwifery validated the tool by answering a questionnaire with nine items; in turn, 32 undergraduate Midwifery program students carried out the evaluation using a questionnaire on applicability, functionality, clarity, coherence and usability of the tool in Post-Partum Haemorrhage simulated stations. The data were analysed descriptively, considering absolute agreement when the answers to all questions in the five-point Likert scale corresponded to 5 (I totally agree). The Content Validity Index was calculated for the experts' questionnaires. RESULTS: In the validation stage, the experts agreed or totally agreed with all nine items, reaching a Content Validity Index = 1. In the total scores assigned by the experts, there was a variation between 80.0% and 100% absolute agreement, with a mean of 95.6%. In the students' assessment, the variation was between 87.5% and 100% absolute agreement, with a mean of 97.7%, in the eight items evaluated. The agreement level above 90% among experts and students was considered high. CONCLUSIONS: The Instructional Disk for the Management of Post-Partum Haemorrhage was validated by experts with extensive experience in Obstetrics and Midwifery care and teaching, ensuring that the content included in the guidelines for the management of Post-Partum Haemorrhage adopted in Brazil is covered. The students positively evaluated this support tool for learning the care to be provided in Post-Partum Haemorrhage cases in the simulated stations.

Perineal outcomes and its associated variables of water births versus non-water births: a cross-sectional study / Desfechos perineais e as variáveis associadas no parto na água e no parto fora da água: estudo transversal

Abstract Objectives: to describe the perineal outcomes of women who had delivered in water and out of water. Methods: a cross-sectional and quantitative study developed in a public hospital in Setúbal, Portugal. The population was of women who participated in the "Water Birth Project" in the period from 2011 to 2014, which gave birth in water and out of water. 104 women were selected according to established inclusion criteria. The groups were compared according to the following variables: demographics, obstetric information, delivery care and perineal outcomes. The data were analyzed in the Stata(r) software, with descriptive and bivariate statistics (chi-square and Fisher's test). Results: the medical records of 73 women who gave birth in water and 31 women who gave birth out of water were studied. Water deliveries were significantly associated with fewer perineal lacerations, lower rates of episiotomy, and shorter delivery time. Conclusions: the results of the study suggest that childbirth in water has a protective effect against severe third or fourth degree perineal tears, during fetal expulsion in water.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever os resultados perineais de mulheres que tiveram parto na água e fora da água. Métodos: estudo transversal e quantitativo desenvolvido em um hospital público de Setúbal, Portugal. A população foi de mulheres que participaram do "Projeto Parto na Água", no período de 2011 a 2014, que deram à luz na água e fora da água. Foram selecionadas para o estudo 104 mulheres de acordo com os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Os grupos foram comparados de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: demografia, informação obstétrica, assistência ao parto e resultados perineais. Os dados foram analisados no software Stata(r), com estatísitica descritiva e bivariada (qui-quadrado e teste de Fisher). Resultados: foram estudados os prontuários de 73 mulheres que deram à luz na água e 31 mulheres que deram à luz fora da água. Os partos na água foram significativamente associados a menos lacerações perineais, menores taxas de episiotomia e menor tempo de parto. Conclusão: os resultados do estudo sugerem que o parto na água tem um efeito protetor contra lacerações perineais severas de terceiro ou de quarto grau durante a expulsão fetal na água.

Individual birth planning as a teaching-learning strategy for good practices in obstetric care. / O plano individual de parto como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem das boas práticas de atenção obstétrica.

OBJECTIVE: To verify students' knowledge about individual birth planning and learn their opinion about the use of this teaching-learning strategy for good obstetric practices. METHOD: This is a descriptive study conducted with midwifery students who made primary health care internships. Data collection was performed digitally from 01/2017 to 05/2017 through the Google Forms®Platform. The analysis was performed by descriptive categorization statistics of statements. The study followed the required ethical standards. RESULTS: The form was sent to 97 students and answered by 40% of them. All respondents reported knowing the birth planning, and 87% applied it during prenatal care. The most frequent (45%) points about the birth plan were those that promoted women's empowerment and autonomy. The most cited methodological suggestions for its application were to focus on content (76%) and increase the number of meetings (50%). Individual birth planning was recognized by 79% of the participants as an important teaching strategy. CONCLUSION: In addition to knowing birth planning and applying it, the students consider it very relevant for teaching and learning good obstetrical practices.