The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Anxiety Disorders. A Systematic Meta-Review.

OBJECTIVE: There has been a growing interest in the study of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). Many clinical trials and experimental designs have been implemented, with different samples and diverse MBI procedures. Reviews have shown unclear results, apart from a tendency to identify low-to-moderate effectiveness. The purpose of this review is to examine the effectiveness of MBIs on anxiety complaints, analyzing available systematic reviews and meta-analyses. METHOD: The literature search was done in MEDLINE (PubMed) and PsycINFO, from the first available review in 2003 until March 2020. From 82 initial references, 12 reviews were selected. RESULTS: Reviews confirmed a moderate effect size of MBIs in improving anxiety symptoms. This efficacy was similar to that of well-established therapies for reducing anxiety symptoms, such as cognitive behavioral therapies. A large effect size was found when well-developed MBI protocols were applied. DISCUSSION: More refined clinical trials are needed to establish clear conditions of MBI effectiveness (protocols, samples, psychological mechanisms, etc.). In addition, considering mindfulness processes, new outcome measures are needed (such as acceptance, self-awareness, or well-being) to test the incremental value of MBIs.

Well-being in schizotypy: The effect of subclinical psychotic experiences / Bienestar en esquizotipia: efecto de las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas

BACKGROUND: Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that includes positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. The healthy schizotypal model suggests that positive schizotypal features could be associated with better psychological functioning. The aim of this study was to analyze whether schizotypal features are associated with subjective and psychological well-being, and consider whether psychotic-like experiences affect well-being. METHOD: These relationships were investigated in two hundred non-clinical Spanish adults (mean age = 34.80, S.D. = 14.20). RESULTS: Negative schizotypal features were associated with lower well-being, whereas positive schizotypal features were related with greater well-being. Individuals with subclinical psychotic experiences scored lower for psychological well-being than individuals without these experiences. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that some positive features may be beneficial for well-being while others are associated with lower well-being

ANTECEDENTES: Bienestar en esquizotipia: efecto de las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas. Antecedentes: la esquizotipia es un constructo multidimensional que incluye las dimensiones positiva, negativa y de desorganización cognitiva. El modelo de esquizotipia saludable sugiere que los rasgos esquizotípicos positivos podrían estar asociados con un mejor funcionamiento psicológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si los rasgos esquizotípicos se asociaban con el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico, y si las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas afectaban al bienestar. Método: en el estudio participaron 200 adultos españoles (edad media = 34.80, S.D. = 14.20). Resultados: los rasgos esquizotípicos negativos se asociaron con bajo bienestar y los positivos con mayor bienestar. Los individuos con experiencias psicóticas atenuadas obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en bienestar psicológico que las personas sin estas experiencias. Conclusiones: el estudio sugiere que ciertos rasgos positivos de la esquizotipia pueden ser beneficiosos para el bienestar, mientras que otros pueden perjudicarlo

Well-being in schizotypy: The effect of subclinical psychotic experiences.

BACKGROUND: Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that includes positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. The healthy schizotypal model suggests that positive schizotypal features could be associated with better psychological functioning. The aim of this study was to analyze whether schizotypal features are associated with subjective and psychological well-being, and consider whether psychotic-like experiences affect well-being. METHOD: These relationships were investigated in two hundred non-clinical Spanish adults (mean age = 34.80, S.D . = 14.20). RESULTS: Negative schizotypal features were associated with lower well-being, whereas positive schizotypal features were related with greater well-being. Individuals with subclinical psychotic experiences scored lower for psychological well-being than individuals without these experiences. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that some positive features may be beneficial for well-being while others are associated with lower well-being.