The effect of Cornus mas extract on nicotine-induced oxidative stress and intratesticular damage in male rats.

The role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis has been extensively investigated. Researchers have gathered sufficient evidence related to oxidative stress-mediated intratesticular damage. The aim of this was study to evaluate the effects of Cornus Mas (CM) extract on intratesticular changes in rats exposed to nicotine. Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. The groups and the administrated agents for 35 days were as follows; Control group (n=6): 0.9% saline, intraperitoneally; Nicotine group (n=7): 4 mg/kg nicotine, subcutaneous; CM group (n=7): 1000 mg/kg CM extract in 0.5 ml saline, via gavage; Nicotine + CM Group (n=8): 4 mg/kg Nicotine, subcutaneous + 1000 mg/kg CM extract via gavage. One rat each from the groups Nicotine and CM died.  In spermatogenetic and histopathological examination, significant positive changes were detected in nicotine + CM group regarding seminal parameters, apoptotic cells, Factor VIII and Johnsen score as compared to nicotine group. Oxidative stress markers were higher in nicotine group as compared to the control group. OSI and MDA levels were found to be reduced in nicotine + CM group than nicotine group. Nicotine induced a significant increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared to the control group; however, CM effectively counteracted this increase. We have shown that nicotine increases testicular damage, causes apoptosis of testicular cells and adversely affects spermatogenesis by increasing inflammation. We concluded that CM extract exerted beneficial effects on spermatogenesis and minimized testicular parenchymal damage, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Rapidly increasing understanding of the complexity of oxidative stress in intratesticular is the key to unlocking the potential of ROS-targeting therapies.

The protective role of melatonin against the effects of different doses of caffeine on the fetus.

Skeletal system and some organs development changes in rat fetuses with 30 and 60 mg/kg caffeine and melatonin's (10 mg/kg) protective role against rat fetuses were investigated. Groups (n = 4) were formed as Control, LDC, HDC, LDC+melatonin, HDC+melatonin and melatonin. Fetuses were taken by cesarean section and stained using dual skeletal staining method and FESEM. TRAP and AP immune-reactivity concentrations were calculated.  Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were also measured by liver, bone and placenta samples.  TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, VEGF-A, SOST and Fetuin-A levels were measured in tissue by using ELISA. TBARS, SOD, GSH, GSSG, TOS, TAS, measured by spectrophotometric assay method.  The mRNA levels of Agtr2 gene expressed in placental tissues of control rats and in placental tissues of rats exposed to HDC, LDC, MEL, HDC+MEL, LDC+MEL were analyzed by Real-time PCR. The gene expressions of Agtr2 were significantly upregulated in the placentas exposed to HDC, MEL, HDC+MEL and LDC+MEL (P<0,001). No significant difference in samples of the LDC group (P>0,05). According to these data, caffeine used during pregnancy delayed ossification; melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, was found to eliminate this effect. Besides, changes in angiotensin receptor expression observed in response to a caffeine and melatonin exposure result from high dose and join effect.

Cornus Mas L improves Antioxidant Status in the Liver, Lung, Kidney, Testis and Brain of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Bearing Mice.

Cornelian Cherry (Cornus Mas L) has widespread use due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-oxidant properties. In this study, the effects of Cornus Mas L (C. mas L) in different dosages on the biochemical values of mice organs were investigated in the Ehrlich Ascites tumor model, which originated from mice breast adenocarcinoma and developed in Balb/C mice. In our study, 32 Balb/C type male mice were used. Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cells (1x106 EAT cell) from the stock animal were injected into all the mice in an intraperitoneal way. Experimental groups were given 100 and 200mg/kg C. mas L extract intraperitoneally for 9 days. The weights of the animals were recorded every day and were sacrificed on the 9th day. To estimate tumor proliferation of the lung, brain, kidney, liver, and testis, antioxidant parameters were recorded including, the reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Treatments of different doses of C. mas L. meaningfully (p < 0.05) modulated the lung, brain, kidney, liver and testis tissues antioxidant parameters as compared to the control. Our study showed the anti-tumor effect of C. mas L. in assisted tumor development with EAT cells, conceivably moderated by the enhancement of oxidative stress due to numerous mechanisms.
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