One-step synthesis of phytic acid-assisted hydrochar boost selective sorption and in situ passivation of lanthanum.

The rare earth metal element lanthanum (La) possesses carcinogenic, genotoxic, and accumulative properties, necessitating urgent development of an efficient and cost-effective method to remove La. However, current sorbents still encounter challenges such as poor selectivity, low sorption capacity, and high production costs. This study therefore proposes a promising solution: the creation of phytic acid-assisted sludge hydrochars (P-SHCs) to eliminate La from water and soil environments. This method harnesses phytic acid's exceptional binding ability and the economical hydrothermal carbonization process. P-SHCs exhibit robust sorption affinity, fast sorption kinetics, and excellent sorption selectivity for La when compared with pristine hydrochars (SHCs). This advantage arises from the remarkable binding ability of phosphate functional groups (polyphosphates) on P-SHCs, forming P-O-La complexes. Moreover, P-SHCs demonstrate sustained sorption efficiency across at least five cycles, with a slight decrease attributed to the loss of phosphorus species and mass during recycling. Furthermore, P-SHCs demonstrated superior economic feasibility, with a higher estimated cost-benefit ratio than that of other sorbents. Our study further validates the exceptional passivation capability of P-SHCs, showcasing relative stabilization efficiency ranging from 37.6 % to 79.6 % for La contamination. Additionally, acting as soil passivation agents, P-SHCs foster the enrichment of specific soil microorganisms such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, capable of solubilizing phosphorus and resisting heavy metals. These findings present novel ideas and technical support for employing P-SHCs in combatting environmental pollution stemming from rare earth metals.

[Recent research advances of 1-deoxynojirimycin and its derivatives].

The 1-DNJ named 1-deoxynojirimycinis (2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol, which is the nature active components existingin mulberryresources including leaves, stems, roots and silkworm larva, silkworm chrysalis, etc.The 1-deoxynojirimycin is a polyhydroxylated piperidine alkaloid, which was first found in Streptomyces as an antibiotic. Then the Japanese researchers isolated it from the mulberry root. 1-DNJ can inhibit postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing intestinal alpha glucosidase. Therefore, 1-DNJ is often used to treat treating diabetes and complicating disease and to prevent obesity and weight-related disorders. With the development of the researches, 1-deoxynojirimycin and its derivtiv was discovered to possess anti-hyperglycemic, anti-virus, anti-tumor functions and so on. Therefore,based on our current studythe existing knowledge on source, technique preparation process, pharmacokinetics, bioactivties,and in silico target fishing of 1-DNJ were summarized, so that the researchers may use it to explore future perspective of research on 1-DNJ.

Calculation of permissible load capacity and establishment of total amount control in the Wujin River Catchment--a tributary of Taihu Lake, China.

The deterioration of water quality in Taihu Lake, China, has caused widespread concern in recent years. The primary pollution sources of Taihu Lake are its inflow rivers. Effective environmental water management strategies need to be implemented in these rivers to improve the water quality of Taihu Lake and to promote sustainable development in the region. In this study, the QUAL2K model is used in conjunction with the trial and error approach to assess permissible load capacities for the Wujin River (a major tributary of Taihu Lake) in terms of COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP. Results show that permissible annual loads for these pollutants are 5216.31, 491.71, 948.53, and 104.38 t, respectively. This suggests that COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP loads in the Wujin River catchment need to be reduced by 13.35, 27.26, 47.75, and 37.08 %, respectively, to satisfy national water quality objectives. Total amount control measures are proposed to control and reduce pollution loads of the Wujin River catchment. The method applied in this study should provide a sound basis for water environmental management decision-making.

Spatio-temporal distribution patterns in environmental factors, chlorophyll-a and microcystins in a large shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China.

The spatio-temporal distribution of environmental factors, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and microcystins (MCs) in a shallow lake, Lake Taihu (China), were investigated from 2009 to 2011 on a monthly basis at nine sampling stations. The annual mean concentration ranges of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), Chl-a, MC-LR and MC-RR were 0.17-10.53 mg/L, 0.027-0.581 mg/L, 0.10-129.75 µg/L, 0.013-2.019 µg/L and 0.002-0.794 µg/L, respectively. The average TN, ammonium (NH4(+)) and TP concentrations in Meiliang Bay decreased from 3.54 to 2.26 mg/L, 0.63 to 0.31 mg/L and 0.150 to 0.124 mg/L, respectively, when compared with values from 2006-2008, indicating that water quality has improved in severe cyanobacterial bloom areas in recent years. Additionally, the distribution of MCs was northern lake areas > western lake areas > central lake areas > macrophyte-dominated areas. Correlation analysis revealed that nutrients were the most important variable accounting for the variation of extracellular MC-LR concentration in heavy cyanobacterial bloom areas of Lake Taihu. During the study period, the maximum MCs concentration reached 2.75 ± 0.27 µg/L in the bloom period in the northern lake areas, which is more than two times the safety limit of 1 µg/L MCs required for drinking water. However, microcystins decreased gradually as the water quality improved from 2009 to 2011, indicating that the risk of MCs exposure was slightly decreased in Lake Taihu.

[Comparative study of transmission and reflection hyperspectral imaging technology for potato damage detection].

The randomly placed damage parts of potato will affect the detection accuracy, this paper used transmission and reflection hyperspectral imaging technology to acquire potato images of three directions(the damage part facing to the camera, back to the camera, side to the camera), and then processed the comparative study for damage detection. Independent component (IC) analysis was used to analyze the transmission and reflection hyperspectral images and to extract the features, the resulting char acteristics were used for the secondary IC analysis of the reflected images and the variable selection of the transmittance and re flectance spectroscopy. Finally, the potato injury qualitative recognition model was established based on the reflection images, the reflectance spectral and the transmittance spectral; Further optimization was done for high recognition accuracy of model, and secondary variable selection was carried out for the transmission spectrum by the Sub-window Permutation Analysis(SPA) and the optimal model for damage identification of potato randomly placed was established. The results of experiments show that the accuracy of the identification model based on the reflection image and the reflection spectrum is low, wherein the potato bruise based on the reflection images falls into the lowest recognition accuracy of 43. 10% when it is side to the camera; The accuracy of the model for identification based on the transmittance spectroscopy information is the highest, the recognition accuracy with the damage part facing and back to the camera is 100%t, and 99. 53% when it is side to the camera. The accuracy of the optimal model for identification based on the 3 kinds of transmittance spectroscopy information of randomly placed potato is 97. 39%. Then the application of transmission hyperspectral imaging technology could detect potato injury in any orientation, and the research can provide technical support for the online detection of potato quality.