[Construction and application of virtual simulation teaching platform for in-hospital emergency nursing of craniofacial injury patients].

PURPOSE: To construct a virtual simulation teaching platform for in-hospital emergency nursing of craniofacial injury patients by virtual simulation technology, and to evaluate its application effect. METHODS: Through virtual reality, animation, human-computer interaction and other technologies, a 3D experiment scene based on high simulation virtual human was constructed to reproduce the virtual rescue scenes of craniofacial injury patients, such as emergency reception, first-aid cooperation, massive hemorrhage rescue cooperation, and tracheotomy cooperation in emergency rescue of sudden airway obstruction, and exercise modules and assessment modules were set. In the virtual simulation platform, the students used the holistic nursing theory and the PDCA cycle method to observe, evaluate and care for craniofacial injury patients. Preliminary evaluation of the platform was carried out in the training of 62 dental nurses. RESULTS: The virtual simulation platform could improve students' comprehensive first-aid ability for craniofacial injury patients. The item with the highest satisfaction rate for the virtual simulation platform was the consistency between the content of the virtual simulation platform and the theoretical course (the satisfaction rate was 91.9%), and the lowest satisfaction rate was the convenience of the virtual simulation platform operation and the page setting (the satisfaction rate was 80.6%). The evaluation module of the virtual simulation platform showed that the highest score of the comprehensive evaluation was 97, the lowest score was 56, and the average score was 80.2. CONCLUSIONS: The virtual simulation teaching platform for in-hospital first aid of craniofacial injury patients can create an immersive learning mode, provide an intuitive rescue experience to the students, and improve their comprehensive first-aid ability.

Serum metabolic profiling of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The clinical symptoms of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) can be effectively improved by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment, based on the usage of specific therapies for different TCM syndromes. However, in the stage of diagnosis, the standard criteria for the classification of TCM syndrome were still deficient. Through serum metabolic profiling, this study aimed to explore potential biomarkers in IBS-D patients with different TCM syndromes, which can assist in diagnosis of the disease. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from healthy controls (30 cases), IBS-D patients with Liver-Stagnation and Spleen-Deficiency syndrome (LSSD, 30 cases), Yang Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney syndrome (YDSK, 11 cases) and Damp Abundance due to Spleen-Deficiency syndrome (DASD, 22 cases). Serum metabolic profiling was conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The potential biomarkers were screened by orthogonal partial least square-discriminate analysis, while metabolic pathways undergoing alterations were identified by pathway enrichment analysis in MetaboAnalyst 4.0. RESULTS: Overall, 34 potential biomarkers were identified in LSSD group, 36 in YDSK group and 31 in DASD group. And the 13 metabolites shared by three groups were determined as the potential biomarkers of IBS-D. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was disturbed significantly in IBS-D patients, which may play a role in IBS-D through inflammation. What's more, three TCM syndromes have the specific potential biomarkers in glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: The serum metabolomics revealed that different TCM syndrome types in IBS-D may have different metabolic patterns during disease progression and glycerophospholipid metabolism was one of the pathways, whose metabolism was disturbed differently among three TCM syndromes in IBS-D. Therefore, the specific potential biomarkers in glycerophospholipid metabolism of three TCM syndromes in IBS-D can serve as the objective indicators, which can facilitate the TCM-syndrome objective classification of IBS-D.

Corosolic Acid Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Inflammatory Response via AMPK/SREBPs and NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways.

Corosolic acid (CA) is the main active component of Lagetstroemia speciosa and has been known to serve as several different pharmacological effects, such as antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, and anticancer effects. In this study, effects of CA on the hepatic lipid accumulation were examined using HepG2 cells and tyloxapol (TY)-induced hyperlipidemia ICR mice. CA significantly inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation via inhibition of SREBPs, and its target genes FAS, SCD1, and HMGCR transcription in HepG2 cells. These effects were mediated through activation of AMPK, and these effects were all abolished in the presence of compound C (CC, an AMPK inhibitor). In addition, CA clearly alleviated serum ALT, AST, TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and obviously attenuated TY-induced liver steatosis and inflammation. Moreover, CA significantly upregulated AMPK, ACC, LKB1 phosphorylation, and significantly inhibited lipin1, SREBPs, TNF-α, F4/80, caspase-1 expression, NF-κB translocation, and MAPK activation in TY-induced hyperlipidemia mice. Our results suggest that CA is a potent antihyperlipidemia and antihepatic steatosis agent and the mechanism involved both lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis and inflammation response inhibition via AMPK/SREBPs and NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.

[Methods to establishment of serum induced syndrome of liver-depression and spleen-deficiency cell model].

To explore the method of establishing a cell model of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes, HepG2 cells were induced by human serum of liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome(LDSDS) to establish a cell model of LDSDS in this research. The concentration of cells, the content of human serum in culture medium and the growth characteristics of model-cell (cell growth curve, the survival rate and apparent morphology were investigated by MTT assay and microscopy. Evaluation of syndrome cell model: metabolomics was used to analyze the human serum of normal individuals and patients with LDSDS, and cell models induced by these serums, respectively. We obtained the difference metabolites from serums and cell models of LDSDS, respectively; then compared the biomarkers from two metabolomics and their metabolic pathways, to verify that the reliability and applicability of the model. Metabolomics data were collected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and then all data were analyzed by multivariate statistical (PCA，OPLS-DA). The results showed that, model cells have the characteristics of normal growth, slow proliferation and stable morphological structure inducted by 10% serum of LDSD in 24-72 h. There were the same 19 difference metabolites which from the human serum of normal individuals and patients with LDSDS, and cell models induced by these serums; including 9 metabolic pathways that play an important role in maintaining normal physiological activities of the human body, such as lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and energy metabolism etc. It was shown that the established syndrome cell model can reflect the biological basis of LDSDS to some extent. This research provides a reference method for the establishment of TCM syndrome cell model.

[Research on pharmacometabolomics].

Pharmacometabolomics is a new and rapidly growing field in life science, which use metabolomics for studying drug effects and variation in drug response. Recently, it has been widely used in individualized medicine research. The research process of pharmacometabolomic can be divided into three parts: metabolomic study of baseline samples, drug response analysis after drug administration and statistical analysis. By combining the baseline information on metabotype of an individual with the drug response phenotype after drug exposure, pharmacometabolomic method can be used to predict the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, which providing the theoretical basis for individualized medical treatment. In this paper, we give an overview of present studies in the application of pharmacometabolomics for predicting the individualized drug response. Besides, we also summarized the specific research processes and pharmacometabolomic methods.

[Rapid analysis on phenolic compounds in Rheum palmatum based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE combined with diagnostic ions filter].

Diagnostic ions filter method was used to rapidly detect and identify the phenolic compounds in Rheum palmatum based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE). The representative authentic standards of phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (－)-epicatechin, (－)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate and procyanidin B2, were subjected to analysis by UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE system with negative ion mode. Fragmentation patterns of each standard were summarized based on assigned fragment ions. The prominent product ions were selected as diagnostic ions. Subsequently, diagnostic ions filter was employed to rapidly recognize analogous skeletons. Combined with retention time, accurate mass, characteristic fragments and previous literature data, the structures of the filtered compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. A total 63 phenolic compounds (36 phenolic acid derivatives, 8 flavonoid derivatives and 19 tennis derivatives) in R. palmatum were identified, including 6 potential new compounds. The method of diagnostic ions filter could rapidly detect and identify phenolic compounds in R. palmatum This study provides a method for rapid detection of phenolic compounds in R. palmatum and is expected to complete the material basis of rhubarb.

[Metabolic fingerprint analysis of RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS].

In order to reveal the properties of polar metabolome in inflammatory cells, we selected LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory cell models as the carrier for the research of metabolic fingerprint analysis. In this study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based metabolomics protocol was optimized for the extraction of polar metabolites from RAW264.7 cell line. Then orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to process the metabolic data, and finally, a total of 17 metabolites were selected and identified. The results showed that MeOH-CHCl3-H2O (8∶1∶1) was chosen as the optimal extraction solvent to achieve higher number of chromatographic peaks, with the best relative extraction efficiency and stability. Comparing with the normal cells, the inflammatory cells presented an abnormal metabolism in protein, carbohydrate, nucleotide and phospholipids. In this study, a UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics protocol for the polar metabolites from RAW264.7 cell line was developed, which may provide important information for the study of mechanism of inflammation and the anti-inflammatory drugs.

[Systematic review of Kudiezi injection drug safety].

To systematically evaluate the safety of Kudiezi injection. Databases such as Cochrane library, Medline, EMbase, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and Chinese Clinical Trial Register were searched to collect the literature on all the study types of Kudiezi injection. Two researchers screened literature, assessed quality and extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies were assessed by using internationally recognized methodological quality assessment tools or reporting quality evaluation criteria; Meta-analysis of adverse drug reaction/adverse events (ADR/AE) of Kudiezi injection was performed by using Stata 12.0 software. There were 411 clinical studies included, out of which 315 studies were analyzed finally. 18 072 patients in total used kudiezi injection, and there were 330 cases with ADRs and 13 cases with AEs. The most common ADR related system was the central and peripheral nervous system, with a weighted incidence of 2.9% [95%CI(0.022, 0.036)]. From the current evidence, the overall safety of Kudiezi injection was acceptable. Although data could be collected from all kinds of published reports, there are lack of mechanism experiments or observational studies with large samples of Kudiezi injection. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research on the safety of Kudiezi injection. Meanwhile, off label use of Kudiezi injection is common, so it is urgent for relevant governmental departments to formulate drug use specifications and provide better guidance for clinical drug use.

[Simultaneous content determination of 14 components in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma by high performance liquid chromatography method].

To establish an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method for the simultaneous content determination of gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (－)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, isolindleyin, 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, aloe-emodin, rhein, lindleyin, 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4'-O-ß-D-(2″-O-galloyl-6″-O-cinnamoyl)-glucopyranoside, sennoside A and sennoside B in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The analysis was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 µm) with 0.05% phosphoric acid solution (A) - acetonitrile (B) as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL•min⁻¹, with column temperature of 40 ℃ and the wavelength was set at 268 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.999 9) within the concentration range. Both the intra- and inter-day precision for 14 analytes was less than 3.1%, with the mean recovery at the range of 91.80%-104.1%. Meanwhile, quantitative determination was carried out for 10 qualified samples from Rheum palmatum and 10 qualified samples from R. tanguticum, respectively. It was found that the content of 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone and aloe-emodin were higher in the R. tanguticum and R. palmatum, respectively, and the content of all the compounds was different in each sample. The established HPLC method for simultaneous content determination of 14 compounds from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma could be used for quantitative assessment and quality control of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.

[Risk factors for congenital anal atresia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia in neonates. METHODS: A total of 70 neonates who were admitted to 17 hospitals in Foshan, China from January 2011 to December 2014 were enrolled as case group, and another 70 neonates who were hospitalized during the same period and had no anal atresia or other severe deformities were enrolled as control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia. RESULTS: The univariate analysis revealed that the age of mothers, presence of oral administration of folic acid, infection during early pregnancy, and polyhydramnios, and sex of neonates showed significant differences between the case and control groups (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that infection during early pregnancy (OR=18.776) and male neonates (OR=9.304) were risk factors for congenital anal atresia, and oral administration of folic acid during early pregnancy was the protective factor (OR=0.086). CONCLUSIONS: Infection during early pregnancy is the risk factor for congenital anal atresia, and male neonates are more likely to develop congenital anal atresia than female neonates. Supplementation of folic acid during early pregnancy can reduce the risk of congenital anal atresia.

Latest research progress in the correlation between baicalein and breast cancer invasion and metastasis.

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring female malignant tumors. According to the 2012 GLOBOCAN statistics, produced by the International Agency for Research On Cancer ('IARC'), nearly 1.7 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, with 522,000 related deaths: An increase in the incidence of breast cancer and associated mortality by nearly 18% from 2008. Metastasis is the final step in breast cancer progression, and represents the most common cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, a search for low-toxicity, safe and effective anti-breast cancer drugs in the form of natural compounds has become an intense focus of research. Baicalein, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has extensive antitumor activity. The present review briefly describes the research that has been performed on the association between baicalein and breast cancer metastasis, and further illustrates the influence of baicalein on the underlying mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis, adding a novel theory basis for baicalein antitumor research. In conclusion, baicalein may represent a promising target for the prevention and therapy of breast cancer.

[Study on mechanism for anti-hyperlipidemia efficacy of rhubarb through assistant analysis systems for acting mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine].

Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), wildly used in treating the disease of hyperlipidemia. However, its components are complicated, so that it is still difficult to clear the specific roles of its various components in blood lipids regulation in. So we decide to systematically study the anti- hyperlipidemia mechanism of rhubarb. We integrated multiple databases, based on entity grammar systems model, constructed molecular interaction network between the chemical constituents of rhubarb and hyperlipidemia. The network includes 231 nodes and 638 edges. Thus we infer the interactions of active targets and disease targets to clarify the anti-hyperlipidemia mechanism. And find that rhubarb can promote excretion of cholesterol; inhibit clotting factors and improve blood circulation; inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines and maintain fat metabolism balance; inhibit cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis; and other ways to achieve lipid-lowering effect. Thus this study provides reference for novel drug development and component compatibility, and also gives a new way for the systematically study of acting mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.

Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the expression of toll-like receptor 3, 4 and their signalling transduction factors in the NG108-15 murine neuroglial cell line.

As one of the most important components of Panax ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1 has certain anti-aging effects, improving the activity of learning and memory. Studies have showed that ginsenoside Rg1 improves the memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 were investigated through the activity of toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR4 and their signaling transduction pathways in amyloid ß peptide 25-35 (Aß25-35) induced AD cell model. Thus we investigated several critical components of the TLR pathway. The neuroglial cell line NG108-15 was stimulated with or without Aß25-35, while different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 were administered. After 24 h, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-ß (IFN-ß) in cell supernatant and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cell lysate supernatant were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The mRNA and protein expression of TLR3, TLR4, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) were detected by real-time PCR and western blot methods, respectively. The experimental results showed that Aß25-35 could markedly raise the level of TNF-α, IFN-ß and iNOS, and increase the expressions of mRNA and TLR3, TLR4, NF-κB and TRAF-6 protein in the NG108-15 cells. At the same time, the ginsenoside Rg1 significantly reduced the expressions of proteins and mRNA of TLR3, TLR4, NF-κB and TRAF-6, and down-regulated the levels of TNF-α, IFN-ß of cell supernatant and iNOS of cell lysate supernatant in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rg1 has good activity for suppressing the signaling transduction pathway of TLR3 and TLR4, and decreasing the inflammation factors induced by Aß25-35 in NG108-15 cells, and this may be the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 action in AD treatment, but more studies are needed to identify its specificity.

[Rapid recognition and identification of chemical constituents in Qinghuo Zhimai tablets by SPE-HPLC-ESI-MS(n)].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for analyzing solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-ESI-MS(n)), in order to recognize and identify the main chemical constituents in Qinghuo Zhimai tablets. METHOD: The possible structures of the compounds were determined according to the structure information of compounds observed from molecular ion peaks and fragment ions in HPLC-ESI-MS(n) negative ion mode and by comparing with literature data or control samples. RESULT: Through the comparative analysis on Qinghuo Zhimai Tablets and components of its formula, 39 chemical constituents were identified, including 7 caffeoylquinic acids, 7 iridoids, 6 diterpenoid lactones, 5 homoisoflavonoids, 13 steroidal saponins and 1 flavone glycoside. CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple and rapid method for identifying chemical components in Qinghuo Zhimai tablets.

[Determination of four n-butyrophenone compounds contained in rhubarb using RP-HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the method for determining the contets of 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, lindleyin, isolindleyin, and 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl )-2-butanone-4'-O-beta-D-(2"-O-galloyl-6"-O-cinnamoyl)-glucopyranoside contained in rhubarb. METHOD: Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 analytical column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted as the chromatographic column, with acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid as mobile phase for gradient elute. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), and detective wavelength was set at 268 nm. RESULT: 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, lindleyin, isolindleyin, and 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4'-O-beta-D-(2"-O-galloyl-6"-O-cinnamoyl)-glucopyranoside showed good resolutions . The four standard curves displayed good linear relationship within the detection rate (r > 0.9999), with their detection limit of less than 1.76 ng and quantitation limit of less than 4.98 ng. At the high, medium and low levels, their RSDs of inter- and intra-day precision were less than 2.3%, with recovery of more than 91.8%. CONCLUSION: The method is so simple, rapid, accurate and reliable that it can provide reference for comprehensive quality evaluation on rhubarb.

[Determination of the contents of chlorogenic acid and phillyrin of Shuanghuanglian oral fluid using NIRS].

The aim of the present study was to establish the model of predicting the contents of chlorogenic acid and phillyrin in Shuanghuanglian oral fluid using NIR to realize quick quality evaluation of Shuanghuanglian oral fluid. To this end, many batches of Shuanghuanglian oral fluid were selected, and the contents of chlorogenic acid and phillyrin were determined using HPLC. Meanwhile, the NIR spectra of the same samples were determined. The model used to predict the contents of chlorogenic acid and phillyrin in Shuanghuanglian oral fluid was established by correlation analysis between the results gained by HPLC and NIR spectra. According to the value of RSEP and r, the method of data processing was chosen. The method of spectra processing and wavelength range or wave numbers were chosen based on the value of RMSECV. The method of data processing was SMLR The original spectra were used to establish the model. The wave numbers in the model used to predict the contents of chlorogenic acid and phillyrin were 6 654.06/7 106.08 cm(-1), and 5 456.06/7 222.08 cm(-1) respectively. The RMSECV and the correlation coefficient of the best model of chlorogenic acid and phillyrin were 0.857 26, 0.889 87 and 0.857 26 and 0.889 87. The results of cross validation indicate that the predicting model was accurate and credible, and could be used as a rapid quality control method of Shuanghuanglian oral fluid.

One single standard substance for the determination of multiple anthraquinone derivatives in rhubarb using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection.

Due to the complexity of the chemical constitution of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), now there is a trend to establish methods, using multi-components analysis, for the effective quality control of TCMs. However, the limited availability of multiple reference substances hinders the wide popularization for routine quality control of TCMs. Using an easily available single component contained in the analyte as an internal standard to determine multiple analogues should be a practical option. In this study, we selected rhubarb rhizome as an example, and used emodin, the easily available active component, as the external standard to determine directly the content of emodin in rhubarb, and the same component as the internal standard to simultaneously determine the other six anthraquinones in rhubarb. Compared with the results obtained using the external standard method, this alternative method was found to have no statistically significant differences in our laboratory as verified by the F-test (p=95%, n=6). However, due to weak robustness caused by the fluctuation of relative response factors in different laboratories, such a method can only serve as a practical measure to solve the lack of so many chemical standard substances when relative response factors have been determined. This alternative method can then be used without reference substances. Once the corresponding chemical standards are available and are acceptable as well as cost-effective, then the external standard method for the simultaneous determination of multiple components (SDMC) in TCMs will prevail.

[Characterization and determination of nitrogen in preparation of qingkailing injection and its intermediate products].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze characterization and determination of nitrogen in the preparation of Qingkailing injection and its intermediate products. METHOD: Hitich amino acid auto analyzer was used, with the packed analysis column (2.6 mm x 50 mm) and the type of was Hitich 2622 SC resin. The speed of buffer solution and ninhydrin colorimetric solution were 0.4 mL x min(-1) and 0. 3 mL x min(-1) respectively. Program heating was used for controlling column temperature, from 57 degrees C (0.0 min) to 65 degrees C (36 min) to 57 (50 min). The reaction temperature was set at 130 degrees C. RESULT: Free and binding amino acid the existenceare the main form of nitrogen is amino acid in Qingkailing injection and its intermediate products. The total contents of amino acid in the preparation of Qingkailing injection and its intermediate products, including hydrolyzed solution which is made from neutralization of Concha Margaritifera solution extracted by diluted sulfuric acid and Cornu Bubali solution extracted by diluted sodium hydroxide, aqueous solution of Radix Isatidis extract, 4-blended solution, 6-blended solution and 8-blenede solution, were 59.56%, 24.88%, 41.84%, 13.49, 14.63% respectively. The type of bonded amino acid was founded in the preparation of Qingkailing injection and its intermediate products, including hydrolyzed aqueous solution of Radix Isatidis extract, 4-blended solution, 6-blended solution and 8-blenede solution, and the contents were 9.33%, 15.07%, 16.85%, 19.94% and 19.55%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The main resource of the total nitrogen was Bubalus bubalis L. and Isatis indigotica Fort.

[Rapid determination of chlorogenic acid in aqueous solution of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae extraction].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a rapid method for the determination of chlorogenic acid in aqueous solution of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae extraction. METHOD: Chlorogenic acid content in aqueous solution of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae extraction was measured by RP-HPLC. The UV spectrum of the same samples were scanned simultaneously. The wavelength of the best correlation between UV absorbance and chlorogenic acid content determined by HPLC was chosen and the chlorogenic acid content of aqueous solution of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae extraction was estimated by prediction equation. Other 10 batches of aqueous solution of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae extraction was used for testing the equation by comparison of the values of chlorogenic acid content determined by HPLC and equation. RESULT: Good linearity of chlorogenic acid was obtained within the range of 0.09-2.25 microg by HPLC; The recovery was 100.4%; RSD was 1.1% (n = 5). The best wavelength in UV spectrum correlating with chlorogenic acid content was 294 nm. The prediction equation: chlorogenic acid content C = 2.703 425A(294 nm) - 0.129 18; Good correlation between chlorogenic acid content determined by HPLC and predicted results was found (r = 0.995 2, n = 11). RSD was 0.2% (n = 6). CONCLUSION: This method is simple, rapid and accurate for determination of chlorogenic acid and can be used for the rapid control of aqueous solution of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae extraction.

[Study on the method of rapid quality control of aqueous solution of flos lonicerae japonicae extraction in the preparation of qingkailing injection].

To establish a rapid and accurate on-line quality control method for aqueous solution of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae extraction (ASFLJE) in the preparation of Qingkailing injection, the wavelength of UV original spectrum and its first derivative spectrum of ASFLJE were scanned. The most suitable spectrum type and wavelength correlated with the chlorogenic acid content in ASFLJE determined by RP-HPLC were chosen to build a regress model. The UV equation for predicting chlorogenic acid content in ASFLJE was established. Other 10 batches of ASFLJE were used for testing the on-line prediction results by comparison of the values of chlorogenic acid content determined by HPLC and predicting equation respectively. The most suitable wavelengths correlated with chlorogenic acid content were 294 nm (r = 0.991 9, n = 28) in the original UV spectrum and 316 nm (r = 0.995 9, n = 28) in the first derivative spectrum respectively. The predicting equation of chlorogenic acid content was: c(mg x mL(-1)) = 506. 254 3 x A316 nm + 0.177 1 (r = 0.995 9, n = 28). This predicting equation is credible and accurate, as tested by HPLC method (r = 0.991 5, n = 10). The prediction results of chlorogenic acid content were: the chlorogenic acid content in probable 90 percent ASFLJE was: 0.4-4.0(mg x mL(-1)). This method is rapid, simple and accurate, and can be used for the on-line quality control of ASFLJE in Qingkailing injection preparation.