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Métodos Terapéuticos y Terapias MTCI
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1.
BMC Microbiol ; 20(1): 283, 2020 09 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32928123

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The human colon is colonised by a dense microbial community whose species composition and metabolism are linked to health and disease. The main energy sources for colonic bacteria are dietary polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. These play a major role in modulating gut microbial composition and metabolism, which in turn can impact on health outcomes. RESULTS: We investigated the influence of wheat bran arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) and maltodextrin supplements in modulating the composition of the colonic microbiota and metabolites in healthy adults over the age of 60. Male and female volunteers, (n = 21, mean BMI 25.2 ± 0.7 kg/m2) participated in the double-blind, cross over supplement study. Faecal samples were collected for analysis of microbiota, short chain fatty acids levels and calprotectin. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels. There was no change in these markers nor in calprotectin levels in response to the supplements. Both supplements were well-tolerated by the volunteers. Microbiota analysis across the whole volunteer cohort revealed a significant increase in the proportional abundance of faecal Bifidobacterium species (P ≤ 0.01) in response to AXOS, but not maltodextrin, supplementation. There was considerable inter-individual variation in the other bacterial taxa that responded, with a clear stratification of volunteers as either Prevotella-plus (n = 8; > 0.1% proportional abundance) or Prevotella-minus (n = 13; ≤0.1% proportional abundance) subjects founded on baseline sample profiles. There was a significant increase in the proportional abundance of both faecal Bifidobacterium (P ≤ 0.01) and Prevotella species (P ≤ 0.01) in Prevotella-plus volunteers during AXOS supplementation, while Prevotella and Bacteroides relative abundances showed an inverse relationship. Proportional abundance of 26 OTUs, including bifidobacteria and Anaerostipes hadrus, differed significantly between baseline samples of Prevotella-plus compared to Prevotella-minus individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The wheat bran AXOS supplementation was bifidogenic and resulted in changes in human gut microbiota composition that depended on the initial microbiota profile, specifically the presence or absence of Prevotella spp. as a major component of the microbiota. Our data therefore suggest that initial profiling of individuals through gut microbiota analysis should be considered important when contemplating nutritional interventions that rely on prebiotics. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registration number: NCT02693782 . Registered 29 February 2016 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02693782?term=NCT02693782&rank=1.


Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Prevotella/fisiología , Anciano , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Heces/química , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Complejo de Antígeno L1 de Leucocito/análisis , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oligosacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Prebióticos , Prevotella/efectos de los fármacos , Xilanos
2.
Clin Nutr ; 39(2): 414-424, 2020 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30904186

RESUMEN

The aim of EU project MyNewGut is to contribute to future public health-related recommendations supported by new insight in gut microbiome and nutrition-host relationship. In this Opinion Paper, we first revisit the concept of dietary fiber, taking into account their interaction with the gut microbiota. This paper also summarizes the main effects of dietary fibers with prebiotic properties in intervention studies in humans, with a particular emphasis on the effects of arabinoxylans and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides on metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Based on the existing state of the art and future development, we elaborate the steps required to propose dietary guidelines related to dietary fibers, taking into account their interaction with the gut microbiota.


Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Estado Nutricional , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Prebióticos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Obesidad/microbiología
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