RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Plaque-associated oral disease affects a considerable portion of the population and is considered one of the major causes of tooth loss. The presence of plaque may be the reason for dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal problems, and halitosis. Many mechanical aids are used to control plaque, including toothbrushes, dental floss, mouth rinses, and dentifrices, and the most effective method of controlling gingivitis is supragingival plaque control. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpaste (Meswak) and non-herbal toothpaste (Pepsodent). MATERIALS AND METHOD: 50 subjects aged between 10 and 15 years with a full complement of dentition were included in the study. The two toothpastes were provided to the subjects in plain white tubes by the investigator. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily using the given toothpaste for 21 days. Plaque and gingival scores on days 0, 7, and 21 were recorded, and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULT: At the end of the 21-day study, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for plaque and gingival scores. CONCLUSION: The plaque and gingival scores were significantly reduced throughout the study in both groups. In comparison, the herbal dentifrices show more effectiveness in reducing plaque and gingival scores, but no statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups.
RESUMEN
AIM: To assess and analyze the resin-bonded dentin in terms of shear bond strength after using deproteinizing agents 5% sodium hypochlorite, 10% sodium hypochlorite, and bromelain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall 140 permanent and intact human premolars were split into four groups, three experimental groups and one control group. In all four groups, the occlusal surface of the teeth was wet ground to expose superficial dentin. In group I, teeth were etched and deproteinized with 5% sodium hypochlorite. In group II, teeth were etched and deproteinized with 10% sodium hypochlorite. In group III, teeth were etched and bromelain was used to deproteinize. In group IV, teeth were etched and no deproteinization was being performed and simultaneous fulfillment of the resin composite and later inserted into the plastic tube and polymerized with light. Samples were stored at 37°C for 24 hours and the later samples were transferred to the universal testing machines to shear bond strength analysis at a speed of 0.5 mm/minute. RESULTS: The outcome of the bond strength was significantly influenced by the application of bromelain enzymes. A remarkable difference was observed between the shear bond strength of sodium hypochlorite (5 and 10%) and in the bromelain enzyme-treated group. Group III showed better results than group I and group II. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that bromelain shear has the maximum value for shear bond strength. Bond strength improved because of removal of unsupported collagen fiber with bromelain enzyme after acid etching. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Natural pineapple enzyme, i.e., bromelain improves bond strength by removal of unsupported collagen fiber. Hence, it is completely safe to use. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Khan R, Sharma N, Garg Y, et al. Comparison of Different Dentin Deproteinizing Agents on the Shear Bond Strength of Resin-bonded Dentin. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S69-S77.
RESUMEN
The purpose of research was to develop a mucoadhesive multiparticulate sustained drug delivery system of pravastatin sodium, a highly water-soluble and poorly bioavailable drug, unstable at gastric pH. Mucoadhesive microparticles were formulated using eudragit S100 and ethyl cellulose as mucoadhesive polymers. End-step modification of w/o/o double emulsion solvent diffusion method was attempted to improve the purity of the product, that can affect the dose calculations of sustained release formulations and hence bioavailability. Microparticles formed were discrete, free flowing, and exhibited good mucoadhesive properties. DSC and DRS showed stable character of drug in microparticles and absence of drug polymer interaction. The drug to polymer ratio and surfactant concentration had significant effect on mean particle size, drug release, and entrapment efficiency. Microparticles made with drug: eudragit S100 ratio of 1:3 (F6) exhibited maximum entrapment efficiency of 72.7% and ex vivo mucoadhesion time of 4.15 h. In vitro permeation studies on goat intestinal mucosa demonstrated a flux rate (1,243 µg/cm(2)/h) that was 169 times higher than the flux of pure drug. The gastric instability problem was overcome by formulating the optimized microparticles as enteric-coated capsules that provided a sustained delivery of the highly water-soluble drug for 12 h beyond the gastric region. The release mechanism was identified as fickian diffusion (n = 0.4137) for the optimized formulation F6. Conclusively, a drug delivery system was successfully developed that showed delayed and sustained release up to 12 h and could be potentially useful to overcome poor bioavailability problems associated with pravastatin sodium.