Baduanjin exercise for patients with knee osteoarthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic degenerative disorder with an increasingly prevalence among the older individuals and the leading cause of pain in the elderly. Baduanjin, one of the ancient traditional Chinese mind-body exercise routine, has been recognized to have clinical benefits for KOA. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Baduanjin for patients with KOA through this systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Four English databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science), and 4 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wanfang Database), will be searched from establishment of the database until October 2020. The reference lists and the citation lists of studies meeting the inclusion criteria will also be searched to identify further studies for inclusion. The search languages are English and Chinese. The randomized controlled trials of Baduanjin training for patients with KOA will be included. The primary outcome will be assessed according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Meta-analysis will be conducted with the use of RevMan 5.3. RESULTS: The results of this research will be submitted to a peer-reviewed publications. CONCLUSION: This systematic review aims to present evidence for whether Baduanjin training is an effective intervention which can improve both physical condition and life quality in patients suffering KOA. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202090051.

Genetic variation in potato virus M isolates infecting pepino (Solanum muricatum) in China.

Potato virus M (PVM, genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexviridae) is considered to be one of most economically important pathogens of pepino in China. However, the details and the mechanisms underlying PVM evolution are unknown. In this study, we determined and analyzed 40 TGB 1 gene sequences, 67 TGB 2 and TGB 3 gene sequences, and 88 CP and NABP gene sequences from viruses isolated from 19 samples of pepino (Solanum muricatum) and one sample of tomato (S. lycopersicum) collected from different areas of China. Recombination analysis identified only one clear recombinant in the TGB2-TGB3-CP region, but no recombinants were detected for each of the five individual genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all PVM isolates could be divided into at least two lineages in trees derived from the TGB 2, CP, and NABP gene sequences, and the lineages seemed to reflect geographical origin. The five PVM genes in this study were found to be under strong negative selection pressure. The PVM isolates examined showed frequent gene flow between the Chinese and European populations, and also within the Chinese population. Clear star phylogenies and the neutral equilibrium model test showed that pepino isolates of PVM appear to be experiencing a new expansion after a recent introduction into China, and these isolates display low levels of genetic diversity. To our knowledge, this study is the first report describing genetic structure, recombination, and gene flow in PVM populations, and it provides strong evolutionary evidence for the virus populations from different geographic regions of China.

Simultaneous detection and identification of four viruses infecting pepino by multiplex RT-PCR.

Potato virus M (PVM), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and potato virus S (PVS) infect pepino and cause serious crop losses. In this study, a multiplex RT-PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of PVS, ToMV, PepMV and PVM. The method was highly reliable and sensitive; validation was accomplished by testing pepino samples collected from different regions of China. In this survey, PVM, ToMV and PVS were detected in 37.0 %, 31.0 % and 5.5 % of samples tested, respectively, confirming the widespread occurrence of these three viruses in China. PepMV was not detected in any of the samples, which indicated that this virus may not be prevalent in China. The results suggest that the new multiplex RT-PCR method has potential to be used routinely for surveys of pepino for virus infection.