RESUMEN
Rhizoctonia solani is the causer of black scurf disease on potatoes and is responsible for high economical losses in global agriculture. In order to increase the limited knowledge of the plants' molecular response to this pathogen, we inoculated potatoes with R. solani AG3-PT isolate Ben3 and carried out RNA sequencing with total RNA extracted from potato sprouts at three and eight days post inoculation (dpi). In this dual RNA-sequencing experiment, the necrotrophic lifestyle of R. solani AG3-PT during early phases of interaction with its host has already been characterised. Here the potato plants' comprehensive transcriptional response to inoculation with R. solani AG3 was evaluated for the first time based on significantly different expressed plant genes extracted with DESeq analysis. Overall, 1640 genes were differentially expressed, comparing control (-Rs) and with R. solani AG3-PT isolate Ben3 inoculated plants (+Rs). Genes involved in the production of anti-fungal proteins and secondary metabolites with antifungal properties were significantly up regulated upon inoculation with R. solani. Gene ontology (GO) terms involved in the regulation of hormone levels (i.e., ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) at 3 dpi and salicylic acid (SA) and JA response pathways at 8 dpi) were significantly enriched. Contrastingly, the GO term "response to abiotic stimulus" was down regulated at both time points analysed. These results may support future breeding efforts toward the development of cultivars with higher resistance level to black scurf disease or the development of new control strategies.
Asunto(s)
Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Rhizoctonia/fisiología , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Solanum tuberosum/microbiología , Transcripción Genética , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Ontología de Genes , Genes de Plantas , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Análisis de Componente Principal , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/inmunología , Transcriptoma/genética , Regulación hacia Arriba/genéticaRESUMEN
The soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani infects a broad range of plants worldwide and is responsible for significant crop losses. Rhizoctonia solani AG3-PT attacks germinating potato sprouts underground while molecular responses during interaction are unknown. To gain insights into processes induced in the fungus especially at early stage of interaction, transcriptional activity was compared between growth of mycelium in liquid culture and the growing fungus in interaction with potato sprouts using RNA-sequencing. Genes coding for enzymes with diverse hydrolase activities were strongly differentially expressed, however with remarkably dissimilar time response. While at 3 dpi, expression of genes coding for peptidases was predominantly induced, strongest induction was found for genes encoding hydrolases acting on cell wall components at 8 dpi. Several genes with unknown function were also differentially expressed, thus assuming putative roles as effectors to support host colonization. In summary, the presented analysis characterizes the necrotrophic lifestyle of R. solani AG3-PT during early interaction with its host.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Rhizoctonia/genética , Solanum tuberosum/microbiología , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Micelio/genética , Micelio/crecimiento & desarrollo , Micelio/metabolismo , Rhizoctonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rhizoctonia/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The basidiomycetes fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG3 is responsible for black scurf disease on potato and occurs in each potato growing area world-wide. In this study, the draft genome sequence of the black scurf pathogen R. solani AG3-PT isolate Ben3 is presented. The genome sequence of R. solani AG3-PT isolate Ben3 consists of 1385 scaffolds. These scaffolds amount to a size of approx. 51 Mb. Considering coverage analyses of contigs, the size of the diploid genome was estimated to correspond to 116 Mb. Gene prediction by applying AUGUSTUS (3.2.1.) resulted in 12,567 identified genes. Based on automatic annotation using GenDBE, genes potentially encoding cellulases and enzymes involved in secondary metabolite synthesis were identified in the R. solani AG3-PT isolate Ben3 genome. Comparative analyses including the R. solani AG3 isolate Rhs1AP, also originating from potato, revealed first insights into core genes shared by both isolates and unique determinants of each isolate.