Coadministration of doxorubicin with vitamin D3, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei in the 4T1 mouse model of breast cancer: anticancer and enteroprotective effects.

The use of doxorubicin (Dox) in the treatment of breast cancer negatively affects the intestines and other tissues. Many studies have proven that probiotics and vitamin D3 have antitumor and intestinal tissue-protecting properties. To achieve effectiveness and minimize side effects, the current study aims to administer Dox together with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei) and vitamin D3. Forty-two female BALB/c inbred mice were divided into six groups: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (Dox), Group 3 (Dox and probiotics), Group 4 (Dox and vitamin D3), Group 5 (Dox, probiotics, and vitamin D3), and Group 6 (probiotics and vitamin D3). The 4T1 mouse carcinoma cell line was injected into the mammary fat pad of each mouse. Gene expression was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The treated groups (except group 6) showed significantly reduced tumor volume and weight compared to the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Probiotics/vitamin D3 with Dox reduced chemotherapy toxicity and a combination of supplements had a significant protective effect against Dox (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001). The treated groups (except 6) had significantly higher expression of Bax/Caspase 3 genes and lower expression of Bcl-2 genes than the control group (P < 0.05, 0.01). Coadministration of Dox with probiotics and vitamin D3 showed promising results in reducing tumor size, protecting intestinal tissue and influencing gene expression, suggesting a strategy to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment while reducing side effects.

Falcaria vulgaris L. hydroalcoholic extract protects against harmful effects of mercuric chloride on the rat kidney.

Objective: Mercuric chloride (Merc; HgCl2) is toxic to humans and animals and contributes to environmental pollution, which usually results in nerve and systemic harm to different organs. Falcaria vulgaris (FV) is a medicinal plant rich in antioxidants. This research aimed to assess the FV hydroalcoholic extract effects on kidney toxicity induced by Merc. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male rats were divided into eight groups: the control group: received saline; the Merc group: received 0.5 ml/day of 0.5 ppm aqueous Merc; FV1, 2, and 3 groups: received 50, 100, 150 mg/kg FV, respectively; and Merc + FV1, 2, and 3 groups: received Merc and FV at three doses. The administration period was 14-days. Subsequently, kidneys and sera were cumulated from each group for the analysis. Samples were analyzed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and biochemical tests. Results: The rats that received Merc displayed significant decrement in the kidney index, the diameter of renal corpuscles, total antioxidant capacity levels, superoxide dismutase activity (all, p<0.01), and 150 mg/kg FV mitigated these outcomes (all, p<0.05). Urea, creatinine, nitric oxide, and the level of apoptosis revealed a significant increment in the kidney of the rats that received Merc (all, p<0.01), and 150 mg/kg FV decreased these results. Furthermore, FV ameliorated histological changes induced by Merc (all, p<0.05). Conclusion: The FV hydroalcoholic extract protects the kidneys against Merc-induced nephrotoxicity. Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic FV hydroalcoholic extract properties were involved in this healing effect.

Royal-jelly-based apitherapy can attenuate damages to male reproductive parameter following nicotine administration.

BACKGROUND: Nicotine administration can generate severe oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Royal jelly, with its antioxidant properties, acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. This study describes the apitherapy effects of royal jelly on testicular damage following nicotine administration. METHODS: Forty-eight male BALB/c mice were divided into 8 groups (n = 6): saline, 3 different doses of royal jelly (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day), nicotine (1.5 mg/kg), and 3 different groups of Nic + Roy (1.5 mg/kg of Nic + 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg BW per day of royal jelly). Nicotine was administrated intraperitoneally, and royal jelly was prescribed orally for 10 consecutive days. Serum levels of hormones (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone), total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide (NO) status, malondialdehyde levels, sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm parameters, histopathological changes (H&E staining), immunohistochemistry against apoptotic proteins, and gene expression of Bcl-2, p53, Caspase-3, and Nrf2 (real-time PCR) were assessed to evaluate the molecular and histological changes. RESULTS: Hormone levels, sperm parameters, and status of antioxidants were decreased significantly (p < .05) following nicotine administration. Moreover, royal jelly treatment normalized hormonal and antioxidant characteristics, decreased apoptotic gene expression, increased Nfr2 gene expression, and restored histopathological alteration to the physiological status significantly (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Royal jelly upregulates the antioxidant status, inhibits the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway, and increases the rate of proliferation. This therapeutic agent effectively protected the testis against nicotine-associated damages by antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.

Chemopreventive effect of spirulina microalgae on an animal model of glioblastoma via down-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and up-regulation of miR-34a/miR-125B expression.

Recent studies suggest that Spirulina may have great therapeutic benefits due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive properties of the Spirulina microalgae (Spi) on the regression and survival of tumor, histopathological features of glioblastoma, and detection of the molecular mechanism of Spi. Tumor viability versus Spi was determined using the MTT assay. In vivo antitumor activity of Spi was studied using the glioblastoma model. After tumor induction, the animals were euthanized, and their brains were removed. Histological evaluation was performed for tumor size and manifestation. The mechanisms of the anticancer effects of Spi were investigated by evaluating the microRNAs and their targets. The results demonstrated that Spi inhibited C6 and U87 cell proliferation and induced cell death. Histopathologic results showed that the administration of Spi could delay the development of tumors and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing animals. Furthermore, Spi significantly upregulated miR-34a and miR-125b that have a key role in the progression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This is the first in vivo report on the chemo-preventive effect of Spi against glioblastoma, suggesting its potential use in the chemoprevention of this cancer and the antiglioma molecular mechanism of Spi.

Repeatedly heated palm olein disrupts male reproductive system of rat: A histological and biochemical study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heated and unheated palm olein in different doses on the male reproductive system of rats. Forty male rats were randomly classified into five groups (n = 8) including Control, Low palm, High palm, Heated low palm and Heated high palm. The palm olein was administrated orally for 6 months. Histological and biochemical parameters of the male reproductive system were measured. There was a significant reduction in sexual hormones, serum levels of superoxide dismutase, high-density lipoprotein, testis weight and sperm parameters in the high dose and heated palm olein groups compared to the other group (p < 0.05). The levels of malondialdehyde, apoptosis rate, proteins levels (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6), low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride and the weight of the rats were significantly higher in the high dose and heated palm olein groups than the others (p < 0.05). High dose and heated palm olein treatment could damage the male rat's reproductive indices that were related to increased inflammatory markers, decreased sex hormone levels, and negative effects on testicular tissue and sperm parameters.

Tribulus terrestris and female reproductive system health: A comprehensive review.

BACKGROUND: Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) positive performance on the male sexual system has been confirmed, but little is known about its effects on the female reproductive system. PURPOSE: This review discussed in detail the beneficial impact of T. terrestris and its secondary metabolites on the female reproductive system. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this review, the scientific Databases of Science direct, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google, Google Scholar, Researchgate, EMBASE, Scientific Information (SID), and Elsevier were searched profoundly. Studies about the pharmacological activities of T. terrestris on the female reproductive system in each aspect of investigations: human, in vivo, and in vitro studies, in the period from 1998 to 2020 were admitted. Our study was not limited by the language of publications. RESULTS: 23 articles about the effects of T. terrestris on the female reproductive system were found. These studies approved the T. terrestris efficacy on improvements in histological features of the ovary and uterus of polycystic ovary syndrome patients as well as the well-working of normal ovaries, enhancements in the sexual desire of postmenopausal syndrome, improve ovarian and breast cancers. CONCLUSION: These studies showed that the positive effect of T. terrestris on the female reproductive system was due to the presence of a secondary metabolite called protodioscin; a steroidal saponin compound, as the dominant active component of this plant.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma reduces symptoms of morphine-induced dependence and spontaneous withdrawal in rats.

Background: Chronic morphine induces physical and psychological dependence signs. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma has been shown to have anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antinociceptive properties and to alleviate naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs.Objectives: Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effects of saffron aqueous extract on the severity of physical-psychological dependence, voluntary morphine consumption, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serotonin levels following locomotor sensitization in morphine-dependent rats and in rats undergoing morphine withdrawal.Materials: Adult male rats were treated with morphine (10 mg/kg, sc twice daily) for 10 days. Rats received saffron extract (60 mg/kg, ip) daily, during the induction of morphine dependence and/or withdrawal. Then, rats were tested for spontaneous withdrawal signs, anxiety using the elevated plus-maze, depression using sucrose preference test, and voluntary morphine consumption using a two-bottle choice paradigm, and then challenged with morphine (1 mg/kg, ip) to evaluate of locomotor sensitization and CSF serotonin levels.Results: The results showed saffron extract during induction of morphine dependence decreased the severity of withdrawal signs (P = .05), while it had no effect on anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Saffron extract during morphine withdrawal exhibited an increase in the percentage (or ratio) of open/total arm entries (P = .017), higher levels of sucrose preference (P = .0001), a lower morphine preference ratio (P = .02) and also, a decrease in locomotor activity (P = .004) and an increase in the CSF serotonin levels (P = .041) in rats challenged to morphine.Conclusions: Saffron extract may exert a protective effect against morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats, probably through increasing serotonin levels.

Evaluation of scapular mobilization and comparison to pectoralis minor stretching in individuals with rounded shoulder posture: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Rounded shoulder posture (RSP) is a common postural condition which can alter scapular position. Although, there is no consensus on the relationship between posture and musculoskeletal dysfunction, some evidence suggests a significant relationship between RSP and shoulder dysfunction. Therefore, treatment of this postural condition is important. Various treatment methods are used to correct RSP. However, the effectiveness of scapular mobilization, (SM) as a method which can alter scapular kinematics, has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of SM on scapular resting position in individuals with RSP, and to compare this technique to pectoralis minor self-stretching (PMS), and combined SM + PMS. METHODS: 52 healthy students (18 men and 34 women; mean age 23.67 ± 6.73 years) with RSP were randomly assigned to four groups (SM, PMS, combined SM + PMS, control). The mobilization group received SM, the stretching group performed self-PMS, and the combined group received SM + PMS. The control group received no treatment. Kinematics data to measure scapular protraction (cm), anterior tilt (°), internal rotation (°), and downward rotation (°) were captured with a motion analysis system before and after 5 sessions of group intervention. RESULTS: All variables decreased significantly post-intervention compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). Internal rotation and downward rotation decreased significantly in the intervention groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the intervention groups. CONCLUSION: SM appears to be an effective technique to change scapular resting position in individuals with RSP. However, this technique was not superior to PMS or a combination of SM + PMS.

Comparison of manipulation and stabilization exercises in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction patients: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Manual therapy and exercise therapy are two common treatments for low back pain. Although their effects have been discussed in several studies, the superiority of one over the other for patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction is still unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of manipulation (M) and stabilization exercises (S) in patients with subacute or chronic sacroiliac joint dysfunction. METHODS: The participants in this randomized controlled trial study were patients with subacute or chronic sacroiliac joint dysfunction for more than 4 weeks and less than 1 year. A total of 40 patients were randomized with a minimization method to the M (n = 20) or S (n = 20) group; 15 patients in each group received treatment. The treatment program lasted 2 week in group M and 4 weeks in group S. Pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were recorded before and immediately after the treatment period. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in assessed pain and ODI (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in post-intervention assessed pain or ODI (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the improvements seen after both manipulation and stabilization exercise therapies in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction, there was no significant between-group difference in the treatment effects. This result suggests that neither manual therapy nor stabilization exercise therapy is superior for treating subacute or chronic sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

Hepatoprotective effects of Tibulus terrestris hydro-alcholic extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver- induced rats / Efectos hepatoprotectores del extracto hidro-alcohólico de Tribulus terrestris en ratas con inducción de hígados grasos no alcólicos

Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces many complications to the liver tissue and also serum related parameters. Medicinal plants are the safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases. In this regards, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris (T. terrestris) extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. In this experimental study, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Animals in experimental groups were received high fructose diet (70 %) (HDF) daily alone or in combined with daily intraperitoneal injection of 500, 700 and 1000 mg/kg extract of T. terrestris. Control group of rats was feed with standard chow. The serum levels of biomarkers of liver and serum lipid profiles were assessed, also histopathological examination of liver tissue done. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA method followed by Tukey's post-hoc multiple comparison test and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were significant improvements for biomarkers of liver tissue (P<0.05) and serum lipid profiles (P<0.01) in the HFD-fed rats that were treated with T. terrestris extract compare to HFD-fed group. In addition, accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes was significantly reduced in the HFD-fed + extract administrated groups in comparison to HFD-fed rats (P<0.01). T. terrestris extract has protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver by changing biomarkers of liver tissue, serum lipid profiles and histopathological anomalies of liver tissue, to normal range.

El hígado graso no alcohólico induce muchas complicaciones al tejido hepático y también en ciertos parámetros relacionados con el suero. Las plantas medicinales son la estrategia terapéutica segura para el tratamiento de enfermedades. En este sentido, el presente estudio se realizó para evaluar el efecto del extracto de Tribulus terrestris (T. terrestris) sobre el hígado graso no alcohólico en ratas. En este estudio experimental se dividieron 30 ratas macho Wistar en cinco grupos (n = 6). Los animales de los grupos experimentales recibieron dietas altas en fructosa (70 %) (HDF) al día o en combinación con inyección intraperitoneal diaria de 500, 700 y 1000 mg / kg de extracto de T. terrestris. El grupo control de ratas fue alimentado con alimento estándar. Se evaluaron los niveles séricos de biomarcadores hepáticos y perfiles de lípidos séricos, así como un examen histopatológico del tejido hepático. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el método ANOVA de una vía seguido de la prueba de comparación múltiple post-hoc de Tukey y el P<0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Hubo mejoras significativas en los biomarcadores del tejido hepático (P <0,05) y en los perfiles de lípidos séricos (P <0,01) en las ratas alimentadas con HFD que se trataron con extrato de T. terrestris comparado con el grupo alimentado con HFD. Además, la acumulación de lípidos en los hepatocitos se redujo significativamente en los grupos alimentados con HFD + extracto, en comparación con las ratas alimentadas con HFD (P <0,01). El extracto de T. terrestris tiene efectos protectores sobre el hígado graso no alcohólico, provocando modificaciones en los marcadores biológicos del tejido hepático, los perfiles lipídicos del suero y las anomalías histopatológicas del tejido hepático, hasta un rango normal.

Tribulus terrestris hydroalcoholic extract effect on cisplatin-induced apoptosis in mice kidney / Efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico de Tribulus terrestris sobre la apoptosis Inducida por cisplatino en el riñón de ratones

Cisplatin (EBEWE Pharma, Unterach, Austria) is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy. One of the limiting major side effects of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity. Tribulus terrestris (TT) has been used as an synthetic or herbal protective agents for kidney disorders. The present study amid to investigate the Tribulus terrestris Hydroalcoholic extract effect on cisplatin-induced apoptosis in mice kidney. Male adult mice (n= 30) were divided into control group and 4 experimental groups (n= 6). Control group received saline, the first experimental group received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and other three experimental groups received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and different doses of hydroalcoholic extact of TT (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg i.p) respectively. The kidneys were removed after 4 days of injections, and TUNEL assay on mice's kidneys were performed. Weights of body and kidneys and apoptotic index were assessed. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The results showed that cisplatin lead to a reduction in the weight of body and kidney (P <0.01), and increased apoptotic index significantly compared to the control group (P <0.001), while in treated groups with TT, the weights of body and kidney were significantly higher compared with cisplatin group, but apoptotic index did not show significant differences. These parameters reached normal range after administration of fruit extracts of TT for 4 days. The study demonstrates that extract of TT could have protective effect on cisplatin- induced apoptosis of kidney. This may be related to the presence of antioxidant components acting via a multitude of central and peripheral mechanisms.

El cisplatino (EBEWE Pharma, Unterach, Austria) es un medicamento contra el cáncer utilizado en quimioterapia. Uno de los principales efectos secundarios limitantes del cisplatino es la nefrotoxicidad. Tribulus terrestris (TT) ha sido utilizado como agente protector sintético o herbal para los trastornos renales. El objetivo fue investigar el efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico de TT sobre la apoptosis inducida por cisplatino en el riñón de ratones. Se utilizaron ratones adultos machos (n= 30), que fueron divididos en 4 grupos, un control y tres grupos experimentales (n= 6). El grupo control recibió solución salina; el primer grupo experimental recibió cisplatino (5,5 mg/kg) y los otros tres grupos experimentales recibieron cisplatino (5,5 mg/kg) con diferentes dosis de extracto hidroalcohólico de TT (100, 300 y 500 mg/kg vía ip) respectivamente. Los riñones fueron retirados después de 4 días de aplicadas las inyecciones, y se realizó el ensayo TUNEL en los riñones. Se evaluó el peso corporal de los ratones, el peso de los riñones y el índice de apoptosis. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante ANOVA de un factor seguido por la prueba post hoc de Tukey. Los resultados mostraron que el cisplatino con plomo provocó una reducción en el peso corporal y el riñón (P <0,01) y un aumento significativo del índice de apoptosis en comparación con el grupo control (P <0,001), mientras que en los grupos tratados con TT, los pesos corporales y de los riñones fueron significativamente mayores en comparación con el grupo de cisplatino, pero el índice de apoptosis no mostró diferencias significativas. Estos parámetros alcanzaron niveles normales después de la administración de extracto de TT durante 4 días. El estudio demuestra que el extracto de TT podría tener un efecto protector sobre la apoptosis inducida por cisplatino en el riñón, que podría estar relacionado con la presencia de componentes antioxidantes que actúan a través de múltiples mecanismos centrales y periféricos.

Tribulus terrestris hydroalcoholic extract administration effects on reproductive parameters and serum level of glucose in diabetic male rats / Efectos de la administración del extracto hidroalcohólico tribulus terrestris sobre los parámetros reproductivos y el nivel sérico de glucosa en ratas macho diabéticas

Usage of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases is a remarkable strategy considered in both clinical and experimental studies. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris hydroalcoholic extract administration on the serum level of glucose and reproductive parameters in diabetic male rats. In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats (200­250 g) were divided into 5 groups (n= 6). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Experimental groups received daily Intraperitoneal injection of the extract (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) since one week after inducing diabetes for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the serum levels of testosterone and glucose were examined by ELISA and Glucodr devices respectively. Sperm parameters including morphology, count and motility were evaluated from the cauda epididymis. The diameters of seminiferous tubules were assessed based on 5 µm paraffin section of H&E stained section of testes. The data were evaluated by One Way ANOVA followed by post-hoc test using SPSS software. In T. terrestris extract groups, there were significant reductions in the levels of blood glucose while increased sperm motility, sperm count and seminiferous tubules diameter, percentage of sperms with normal morphology, level of testosterone hormone and final body weight compared with diabetic group (p <0.001). In conclusion, T. terrestris hydroalcoholic extract decreases serum level of glucose and diminishes the side effects of diabetes on male reproductive system showing by increasing in the serum level of testosterone, improving sperm parameters and returning the seminiferous tubules to normal diameter by a dose dependent manner.

El uso de plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de enfermedades es una importante estrategia considerada en estudios clínicos y experimentales. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la administración de extracto de Tribulus terrestris hidroalcohólico en el nivel sérico de glucosa y los parámetros reproductivos en ratas macho diabéticas. En este estudio experimental, se dividieron 30 ratas Wistar (200­250 g) macho adultas, en 5 grupos (n= 6). Se indujo diabetes por una sola inyección intraperitoneal (i.p.) de 50 mg/kg de estreptozotocina. Los grupos experimentales recibieron inyección i.p diaria del extracto (100, 250 y 500 mg/kg) una semana después de la inducción de la diabetes durante dos semanas. Al final del experimento, los niveles séricos de testosterona y de glucosa se examinaron por ELISA y el dispositivos Glucodr, respectivamente. Además, fueron evaluados los parámetros de morfología, conteo y motilidad espermática. Los diámetros de los túbulos seminíferos de los testículos se evaluaron sobre la base de secciones de parafina de 5 mm teñidos con H&E. Los datos fueron evaluados por ANOVA de una vía seguido de prueba post-hoc utilizando el programa SPSS (versión 20). En los grupos tratados con extracto de T. terrestris hubo una reducción significativa en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, mientras que se observó un aumento en el recuento y motilidad espermática, el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos, el porcentaje de espermatozoides con morfología normal, el nivel de testosterona y el peso corporal final de las ratas en comparación con el grupo de ratas diabéticas (p <0,001). En conclusión, el extracto de T. terrestris hidroalcohólico disminuye los niveles séricos de glucosa y los efectos secundarios de la diabetes en el sistema reproductivo mediante el aumento de los niveles séricos de testosterona, mejorando los parámetros de los espermatozoides y la restitución a diámetro normal de los túbulos seminíferos dependiendo de la dosis.

Comparison of manual therapy and exercise therapy for postural hyperkyphosis: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a manual therapy and an exercise therapy program in improving postural hyperkyphosis among young adults. METHODS: Forty-six women between the ages of 18 to 30 years with thoracic kyphosis diagnosed by flexicurve ruler were randomly assigned to either an exercise therapy or a manual therapy group. The exercise therapy program focused on stretching and strengthening exercises in 15 sessions over 5 weeks. The manual therapy group received 15 sessions of manual techniques including massage, mobilization, muscle energy and myofascial release. Kyphosis angle and back extensor muscle strength were measured with a motion analysis system and a dynamometer at the baseline and after treatment. The data were analyzed with paired and independent t-tests. RESULTS: After treatment, the angle of thoracic kyphosis was smaller and back extensor muscle strength was significantly greater in both the exercise and manual therapy groups (p < 0.001). We found no significant differences between groups in the changes in kyphosis angle or muscle strength after treatment (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Manual therapy was as effective as exercise therapy in reducing kyphosis angle and increasing back extensor muscle strength in young women with postural hyperkyphosis.

Migraine responds better to a combination of medical therapy and trigger point management than routine medical therapy alone.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is one of the most frequent headaches. Cervical myofascial and trigger point disorders are effective factors on accession of this type of headache. PRT is an indirect technique that treats trigger points. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of trigger points' management by positional release therapy (PRT) combined with routine medical therapy and routine medical therapy alone in treatment of migraine headache. METHODS: Forty-four patients with active trigger points in cervical muscles entered to the study. They were randomly assigned to PRT-medical therapy or medical therapy group. Headache frequency, intensity, duration and tablet count were recorded by use of a daily headache diary. The sensitivity of trigger points was assessed by the use of a digital force gauge (Wagner-FDIX). Cervical range of motion was measured by a goniometer. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant reduction in headache intensity, frequency, duration and tablet count after 4 months follow up. The sensitivity of trigger points and all cervical range of motions significantly increased in PRT-medical group after 4 months follow up; however in medication group except cervical right lateral flexion, right and left rotation the other factors showed no change after 4 months follow up. In comparison of the two study groups, there was no significant difference in headache-related variables. Apart from the headache intensity and tablet count, the trends of other factors were significantly different between the two groups (p <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combined PRT-medical therapy is more effective than the medical therapy alone. Thus, the combination of PRT and medical therapy is suggested as a treatment choice for patients with migraine headache.

Protective effect of Tribulus terrestris hydroalcoholic extract against cisplatin­induced apoptosis on testis in mice / Efecto protector del extracto hidroalcohólico de Tribulus terrestris contra la apoptosis inducida por cisplatino sobre los testículos en ratones

Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy. One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin is decreasing genital gland function, azoospermia and oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris (TT) has been used as an aphrodisiac. The present study amid to investigate protective effect of TT hydroalcoholic extract against cisplatin-induced apoptosis on testis in mice. Male adult mice (n=30) were divided into control and 4 experimental groups (n=6). Control group received saline, first experimental group received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and other three experimental group received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and different doses of hydroalcoholic extact of TT (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg/i.p) respectively. Day after the last injection, histopathology and histomorphic analysis and also TUNEL assay on mice testis were performed. Weights of body and testis, seminiferous tubules diameter and apoptotic index were assessed. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys' test. The results showed that cisplatin lead to a reduction in the weight of body and testes, and significantly increased apoptotic index compared to the control group (P<0.001), while in treated groups with TT, the weights of body and testis and seminiferous tubules diameter were significantly higher compared with cisplatin group (P<0.001), but apoptotic index did not show significant differences. The study demonstrates that extract of TT could protective effect of on cisplatin-induced apoptosis of testis and seminiferous tubules diameter that may be related to the presence of antioxidant components acting via a multitude of central and peripheral mechanisms.

El cisplatino es un medicamento anticancerígeno utilizado en tratamientos de quimioterapia. Uno de los efectos secundarios que limitan el uso del cisplatino es la disminución en la función de la glándula genital, provocando azoospermia y oligospermia. El Tribulus terrestris (TT) se ha utilizado como un afrodisíaco. El objetivo fue investigar el efecto protector del extracto hidroalcohólico de TT contra la apoptosis inducida por el cisplatino en los testículos de ratones. Ratones machos adultos (n=30) fueron divididos en un grupo control y cuatro grupos experimentales (n=6). Al grupo control se le administró una solución salina, mientras que el primer grupo experimental recibió cisplatino (5,5 mg/kg) y los tres restantes recibieron cisplatino (5,5 mg/kg) con diferentes dosis del extracto hidroalcohólico de TT (100, 300 y 500 mg/kg/ip), respectivamente. El día posterior a la última inyección, se realizaron análisis histopatológicos y morfométricos, junto al ensayo TUNEL, de los testículos de los ratones. Se registró el peso corporal y testicular de cada ratón, así como el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos e índice de apoptosis. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA de una vía, seguida de la prueba de Tukey. El cisplatino provocó una reducción del peso corporal y testicular, y un aumento del índice de apoptosis, que fue significativo en comparación con el grupo control (P<0,001), mientras que en los grupos tratados con TT, el peso corporal y testicular, junto al diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos fueron significativamente mayores en comparación con el grupo tratado con cisplatino (P<0,001), sin embargo, el índice de apoptosis no mostró diferencias significativas. El estudio demuestra que el extracto de TT podría poseer un efecto protector de la apoptosis inducida por cisplatino sobre los testículos, así como en el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos, lo que podría relacionarse con la presencia de componentes antioxidantes que actúan a través de diversos mecanismos, centrales y periféricos.

Protective effect of Tribulus terrestris hydroalcoholic extract against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on sperm parameters in male mice / Efecto protector del extracto hidroalcohólico de Tribulus terrestris contra la citotoxicidad inducida por cisplatino sobre parámetros espermáticos en ratones macho

Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy. One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin is decreasing genital gland function, azoospermia and oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris has been used as an aphrodisiac. The present study amid to investigate protective effect of Tribulus terrestris hydroalcoholic extract against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on sperm parameters in mice. Male adult mice (n=30) were divided into control and 4 experimental groups (n=6). Control group received saline, first experimental group received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and other three experimental groups received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and different doses of hydroalcoholic extact of Tribulus terrestris (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg/i.p) respectively. On the day after the last injection, blood samples were collected for serum Nitric oxide (NO) assay. Also weights of body and testis, sperm parameters and seminiferous tubules diameter were assessed. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys' test. The results showed that cisplatin lead to a reduction in the weight of body and testes, sperm parameters and increased level serum of NO significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05), while in treated groups with Tribulus terrestris, the weights of body and testes, sperm parameters, seminiferous tubules diameter were significantly higher compared with cisplatin group (P<0.05), but serum level of NO did not show significant differences. The study demonstrates that extract of Tribulus terrestris could protective effect against cisplatin- induced cytotoxicity on sperm parameters that may be related to the presence of antioxidant components acting via a multitude of central and peripheral mechanisms.

El cisplatino es un medicamento contra el cáncer utilizado en la quimioterapia. Uno de los efectos secundarios limitantes de cisplatino es la decreciente función glándular genital, azoospermia y oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris ha sido utilizado como un afrodisíaco. En el presente estudio se investiga el efecto protector del extracto hidroalcohólico de Tribulus terrestris (TT) contra la citotoxicidad inducida por cisplatino en los parámetros espermáticos en ratones. Ratones adultos machos (n = 30) fueron divididos en 4 grupos control y experimentales (n = 6). En el grupo control se administró solución salina, el primer grupo experimental recibió cisplatino (5,5 mg/kg) mientras que otros tres grupos experimentales recibieron cisplatino (5.5 mg/kg) además de diferentes dosis de extracto hidroalcohólico de TT (100, 300 y 500 mg/kg/IP) respectivamente. El día siguiente de la última inyección, se analizaron muestras de sangre para expresión de óxido nítrito (ON). Además, fueron evaluados el peso del cuerpo y testículos, los parámetros espermáticos y el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis ANOVA y la prueba de Tukey. El uso de cisplatino causó reducción del peso corporal y testicular, parámetros espermáticos y aumento significativo de los valores de ON en comparación con el grupo control (P<0,05), mientras que los grupos tratados con TT, fue significativamente mayor el peso corporal y testicular, parámetros espermáticos y diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos en comparación al grupo tratado con cisplatino (P<0,05). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los valores ON. El extracto de TT puede tener un efecto protector frente a la citotoxicidad inducida por el cisplatino sobre los parámetros espermáticos, al estar relacionado a la presencia de componentes antioxidantes que actúan mediante mecanismos centrales y periféricos.

The effect of cannabis sativa hydroalcoholic extract on sperm parameters and testis histology in rats / Efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico de cannabis sativa sobre los parámetros espermáticos e histología testicular en ratas

Cannabis Sativa is a multiuse herb in traditional medicine, its hydroalcoholic extract (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) administered interaperitoneally for 14 consequent days to Wistar male rats resulted in significant decrease in progressive motility of sperm. Sperm count and seminiferous tubules diameter decreased significantly in comparison with control group. Also decrease in animal body weight in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg was observed. Changes in testes weight and serum testosterone were not significant. Cannabis sativa extract has negative effect on sperm parameters such as motility, sperm count, and seminiferous tubules diameter.

La Cannabis Sativa es una hierba de múltiples usos en la medicina tradicional. Su extracto hidroalcohólico (10, 50, y 100 mg/kg) administrado intraperito-nealmente durante 14 días consecutivos a ratas Wistar macho produjo una disminución significativa en la motilidad progresiva de los espermatozoides. El recuento de espermatozoides y el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos se redujo significativamente en comparación con el grupo control. También se observó disminución del peso corporal de los animales en dosis de 50 y 100 mg/kg. Cambios en el peso de los testículos y la testosterona sérica no fueron significativos. El extracto de Cannabis sativa tiene un efecto negativo sobre los parámetros seminales tales como la motilidad, conteo espermático, y el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos.

The effect of trigger point management by positional release therapy on tension type headache.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of trigger points' management by Positional Release Therapy (PRT) and routine medical therapy in treatment of Tension Type Headache. BACKGROUND: Tension Type Headache is the most frequent headache with the basis of myofascial and trigger point disorders. PRT is an indirect technique that treats trigger points. METHOD: 30 Patients with active trigger points in cervical muscles entered to the study. They were randomly assigned to PRT or medical therapy group. Headache frequency, intensity and duration and tablet count were recorded by use of a daily headache diary. Sensitivity of trigger points was assessed by numeric pain intensity and by use of a digital force gauge (FG 5020). RESULTS: Both groups showed significant reduction in headache frequency and duration and tablet count after treatment phase. However, the reduction of study variables was persisted only in PRT group after follow up phase. There was no significant reduction in headache intensity, neither in PRT and nor in medication group. Sensitivity of trigger points was significantly reduced. In comparison of the two study groups, there was no significant difference in headache frequency, intensity, duration and tablet count (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both procedures were equally effective according to the study. Thus, PRT can be a treatment choice for patients with T.T.H.

Tension - Type - Headache treated by Positional Release Therapy: a case report.

Tension Type Headache (T.T.H) is the most prevalent headache. Myofascial abnormalities & trigger points are important in this type of headache which can be managed by Positional Release Therapy (PRT). This is a report of a 47 years old female patient with Tension Type Headache treated by Positional Release Therapy for her trigger points. She had a constant dull headache, which continued all the day for 9 months. A physiotherapist evaluated the patient and found active trigger points in her cervical muscles. Then, she received Positional Release Therapy for her trigger points. After 3 treatment sessions, the patient's headache stopped completely. During the 8 months following the treatment she was without pain, and did not use any medication. Positional Release Therapy was effective in treating Tension Type Headache. This suggests that PRT could be an alternative treatment to medication in patients with T.T.H if the effectiveness of that can be confirmed by further studies.