RESUMEN
Streptococcus suis is an emerging swine-associated zoonotic agent that can cause meningitis and septicemia in humans. We present, to our knowledge, the first case of S. suis arthroplasty infection and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome due to an nonencapsulated serotype 5 strain in North America.
Asunto(s)
Artritis/diagnóstico , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/diagnóstico , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus suis/aislamiento & purificación , Anciano , Animales , Artritis/complicaciones , Artritis/microbiología , Artritis/patología , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Cadera/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Microscopía , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/complicaciones , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/microbiología , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/patología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Radiografía , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Choque Séptico/patología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/patología , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen and an emergent zoonotic pathogen. Excessive inflammation caused by S. suis is responsible for early high mortality in septic shock-like syndrome cases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may contribute to regulating inflammatory processes. This study shows that mouse infection by S. suis is accompanied by an increase of arachidonic acid, a proinflammatory omega-6 (ω-6) PUFA, and by a decrease of docosahexaenoic acid, an anti-inflammatory ω-3 PUFA. Macrophages infected with S. suis showed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and cyclooxygenase-2 upregulation. Fenretinide, a synthetic vitamin A analog, reduced in vitro expression of inflammatory mediators. Pretreatment of mice with fenretinide significantly improved their survival by reducing systemic proinflammatory cytokines during the acute phase of an S. suis infection. These findings indicate a beneficial effect of fenretinide in diminishing the expression of inflammation and improving survival during an acute infection by a virulent S. suis strain.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/metabolismo , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/metabolismo , Streptococcus suis/fisiología , Animales , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Línea Celular , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/sangre , Fenretinida/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/sangre , ZoonosisRESUMEN
This paper reviews information on antimicrobial resistance patterns and prudent use of antimicrobials to reduce the impact and spread of resistant Streptococcus suis strains. S. suis is an important pathogen in swine, which can cause significant economic loss. Prudent use of antimicrobials for S. suis is essential to preserve the therapeutic efficacy of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and to minimize selection of resistant S. suis strains. Resistance of S. suis to antimicrobials commonly used in swine, including lincosamides, macrolides, sulphonamides, and tetracycline, has been documented worldwide, with resistance in up to 85% of strains. Among antimicrobials examined, resistance of S. suis has been demonstrated to be relatively low for penicillin (0-27%), ampicillin (0.6-23%), and ceftiofur (0-23%). For penicillin, this result may be due in part to the unique mechanism by which resistance is acquired through modifications in the structure of penicillin-binding proteins. Recommendations to control S. suis infection include focused and careful choice and appropriate use of antimicrobials, together with preventive measures intended to improve swine management.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/veterinaria , Streptococcus suis/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinfecciosos/efectos adversos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , PorcinosRESUMEN
This study evaluated the efficacy of potassium penicillin G in drinking water of weaned pigs to reduce mortality and spread of infection caused by Streptococcus suis. A total of 896 18-day-old weaned pigs were randomly assigned to either treatment with potassium penicillin G in-water (Treated), or no treatment (Control). The outcomes analyzed were total mortality, mortality due to S. suis, and overall counts of S. suis colonies. The risk of mortality due to S. suis and total mortality were significantly increased in the Control group compared with Treated pigs (P < 0.05). Bacterial culture of posterior pharyngeal swabs indicated that Control pigs were significantly more likely to have ≥ 1000 colonies of S. suis per plate than were Treated pigs (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that potassium penicillin G administered in drinking water is effective in reducing mortality associated with S. suis infection and reducing tonsillar carriage of S. suis.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Profilaxis Antibiótica/veterinaria , Penicilina G/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/veterinaria , Streptococcus suis/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/mortalidad , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Portador Sano/veterinaria , Femenino , Masculino , Tonsila Palatina/microbiología , Penicilina G/administración & dosificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/mortalidad , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/prevención & control , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Abastecimiento de Agua , DesteteRESUMEN
Biofilm formation by a strain of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 isolated from a case of meningitis in pigs was characterised. Using a polystyrene microtitre plate assay, S. suis 95-8242 produced a dense biofilm when glucose, fructose or sucrose was used as the carbohydrate source, whereas no biofilm formed in the presence of lactose. Polysaccharide production by the biofilm-forming strain was demonstrated by the Congo red agar assay. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that bacterial cells were surrounded by a thick layer of polycationic ferritin-labelled material. S. suis 95-8242 was more resistant to both penicillin G and ampicillin in biofilms than in planktonic cultures on the basis of minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations.