A novel strategy for the multi-components division and discovering pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese herbal compounds: A case study of Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule.

The therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal compounds are often achieved through the synergistic interactions of multiple ingredients. However, current research predominantly focuses on individual ingredients, neglecting the holistic nature of Chinese herbal compounds. This study proposes a novel strategy to elucidate the pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese herbal compounds based on their multi-components (components named 'ZuFen' in China, it refers to multiple ingredients with similar chemical structures) composition, using the Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao (XLGB) capsule as a case study. Cheminformatics-based components partitioning was conducted after sourcing ingredients from various databases, resulting in a total of 856 ingredients which were categorized into nine major components. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamic ingredients of XLGB capsule were determined by analyzing the ingredients that were absorbed into the bloodstream. Through a combination of these ingredients and screening for absorption, the Dipsacus asper saponin components, Psoralea corylifolia coumarin components, and Epimedium flavonoid polyglycosides components were isolated. The anti-osteoporosis efficacy of these components were evaluated in zebrafish, demonstrating their capability to reverse mineralization reduction caused by prednisolone. These findings further support the idea that these components serve as the material basis for the pharmacological efficacy of XLGB capsule. This study provides a novel systematic strategy for discovering the pharmacodynamic material basis of the efficacy of Chinese herbal compounds based on a 'multi-components' perspective.

Study on the active ingredients and mechanism of action of Jiaotai Pill in the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on network pharmacology: A review.

To explore the potential active ingredients and related mechanisms of Jiaotai Pill in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The main active components of Jiaotai Pills were obtained by TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM database combined with literature mining, and the targets of the active components of Jiaotai Pills were predicted by reverse pharmacophore matching (PharmMapper) method. Verifying and normalizing the obtained action targets by using a Uniprot database. Obtaining T2DM related targets through GeneCards, the online mendelian inheritance in man, DrugBank, PharmGKB and therapeutic target databases, constructing a Venn diagram by using a Venny 2.1 online drawing platform to obtain the intersection action targets of Jiaotai pills and T2DM, and the protein-protein interaction network was constructed by String platform. Bioconductor platform and R language were used to analyze the function of gene ontology and the pathway enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. A total of 21 active components and 262 potential targets of Jiaotai Pill were screened by database analysis and literature mining, including 89 targets related to T2DM. Through gene ontology functional enrichment analysis, 1690 biological process entries, 106 molecular function entries and 78 cellular component entries were obtained. Seven pathways related to T2DM were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Jiaotai Pill can achieve the purpose of treating T2DM through multiple active ingredients, multiple disease targets, multiple biological pathways and multiple pathways, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of T2DM by Jiaotai Pill.

[Research on rhizospheric and endophytic actinomycetes in medicinal tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa) from five producing regions].

In this study, Paeonia suffruticosa roots and rhizospheric soil in five geographic regions which were harvested in October were utilized as experimental materials, then the diversity of endophytic and rhizospheric actinomycetes were investigated by High-throughput sequencing technique. The 1 754 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from 129 954 high quality sequences, 1 311 OTUs were detected in rhizospheric actinomycetes and belonged to four classes, four orders, twenty-seven families and ninety-seven genera, thirty-three genera such as Ilumatobacter were found in the five regions rhizospheric soil while three genera such as Longispora were only detected in the Dao-di regions, the dominant genera were Mycobacterium, Nocardioides, Streptomyces. 443 OTUs were obtained in roots and distributed in three classes, three orders, twenty-four families and fifty genera, thirteen genera such as Cryptosporangium were found in the five regions roots while Planosporangium, Luteococcus were only detected in the Dao-di regions, the dominant genera were Nocardioides. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Shannon and Chao1 index in rhizospheric actinomycetes in Bozhou, Tongling and Nanling region were higher than Heze and Luoyang. Based on principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) analysis, the rhizospheric actinomycetes formations were similar in Tongling and Nanling region, at the same in Tongling and Luoyang endophytic actinomycetes. According to heatmap analysis, Bozhou, Tongling and Nanling region rhizospheric actinomycetes showed a close similarity in actinomycetes community structures on phylogenetic analysis, while Tongling, Luoyang and Nanling endophytic actinomycetes showed the same. Our results not only suggested that the rich and diverse actinomycetes resources in P. suffruticosa roots and rhizospheric soil but also revealed rhizospheric actinomycetes in the Dao-di regions had high similarity.

[Isolation, identification and inhibition activity of endophytes in Fengdan].

Endophytes were isolated and purified from the roots of medicinal plant Fengdan also known as Paeonia suffruticosa from Tongling region, Anhui province, China. Morphology and molecular biology methods were applied to indentify the endophyte strains. And methods of growth rate and filtering paper were also used for studying antibacterial/antifungal effects of the strains. As a result, 129 endophyte strains were isolated. Fifty-eight endophytic fungi strains were identified as 6 species in 4 genera and the dominant genus was Fusarium. Seventy-one endophytic bacteria strains were identified as 9 species in 3 genera and the dominant genus was Bacillus. Inhibitory diameter with endophytic fermenting liquid of Pseudomonas chlororaphis, F. nematophilum and B. megaterium from P. suffruticosa against Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli and B. subtilis reached 25.0,20.2,24.0 mm respectively. The inhibition rate of endophytic fermenting liquid from F. nematophilum against Penicillium sp. and Colletotrichum dematium reached 90.6% and 83.3%, respectively. The inhibition effect of P. chlororaphis against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Mucor sp. was good and the antifungal rate reached 80.0% and 84.9%, respectively. P. suffruticosa in Tongling region contains abundant endophytes. P. chlororaphis and F. nematophilum are valuable species as starting strain about microbicide.