RESUMEN
Capparis ovata is a natural plant that grows widely in Turkey and its flowering buds and berry pickle are used in traditional medicine. Thus, the current study was expanded to evaluate the biochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects of the Capparis ovata water extract (COWE). To determine the biochemical properties of COWE, mineral and fatty acid content, elemental analysis, flavonoid/phenolic content, radical-scavenging capacity, and pesticide analysis were performed. Furthermore, to find out whether it had anti-inflammatory properties, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) luciferase activity tests were conducted. Whole-genome transcriptomic profiling was carried out at a dose level of 500 mg/kg COWE to understand its pharmacological effect. Transaminases in serum were tested, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was done using a custom design array that included the stress and molecular toxicology pathway to establish its toxicological qualities. As a result of the evaluations, it was observed that COWE has a high mineral and unsaturated fatty acid content, flavonoid/phenolic content, and radical-scavenging ability. It significantly inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity as well as inflammatory cytokine expression in T-lymphoblast cells. Whole-genome transcriptomic profiling depicted that COWE modulates immune responses by upregulating natural killer cell activation, cellular response to type I interferon, B-cell proliferation and differentiation, and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. Molecular Toxicology Pathfinder RT2 Profiler PCR array analysis revealed that COWE at or lower dose of 500 mg/kg/day did not cause a comparatively adverse effect. According to the findings, COWE is a rich source of nutrients and can be used as an adjunct therapy for various inflammatory diseases.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: More preservative approaches are being adopted in periorbital surgery each day. To avoid the possible complications of transcutaneous and transconjunctival blepharoplasty, the author has developed the safe and simple "Percutaneous Lower Blepharoplasty" technique, which he has been performing since 2008. The technique consists of the removal and transfer of lower orbital fat pads through 4-mm skin incisions with minimal dissection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study is designed as a retrospective analysis of the operations done by the author from 2008 to 2018. The author performed 297 percutaneous lower blepharoplasty operations alone or in combination with tear-trough deformity correction, pinch skin excision, and/or carbon dioxide laser application. The video of the technique is demonstrated in the supplemental digital content. RESULTS: The patients were followed for an average of 58.8 months. All the patients were satisfied with the result. There were no retractions or scleral show seen. The only complication was chemosis in 1 patient that subsided with steroid ointment. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous lower blepharoplasty is a novel technique that has the following advantages: Simple and fast, low complication rates, good cosmetic outcomes, tear trough deformity correction, better estimation of fat amount to be removed, and minimal dissection and avoidance of violation of lamellar structures. It can be performed safely alone or in combination with pinch excision and/or fractional laser resurfacing.