RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the whitening and antioxidant activities of essential oils from Cryptomeria japonica by determining their tyrosinase inhibition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities. METHODS: Essential oils of C. japonica leaves were extracted with distilled water, and after condensation of volatile constituents, the condensates were extracted with ethyl acetate. Crude essential oils of C. japonica were divided into six fractions by thin layer chromatography and open column chromatography, and their chemical analysis was performed by GC/MS. Major compounds of fractions were composed of kaurene, bornyl acetate, nezukol, (-)-4-terpineol, δ-cadinene, α-terpineol, γ-eudesmol, α-eudesmol and elemol. RESULTS: For tyrosinase inhibitory activity using two substrates, l-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), kaurene, bornyl acetate and nezukol were highly effective. In antioxidant activity, (-)-4-terpinenol and δ-cadinene showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity, and bornyl acetate and nezukol indicated extremely high SOD-like activity. CONCLUSION: Therefore, bornyl acetate and nezukol fractionated from C. japonica essential oil, which showed highly active whitening and antioxidant activities, have potential applications in cosmeceutical materials.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Canfanos/aislamiento & purificación , Cryptomeria/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites de Plantas/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Canfanos/metabolismo , Canfanos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Picratos/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Sesquiterpenos/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The antifungal effects of citral, eugenol, nerolidol and alpha-terpineol on Trichophyton mentagrophytes were investigated. Citral over 0.1 mg/ml strongly inhibited the hyphal growth of T. mentagrophytes, and the antifungal activity of alpha-terpineol was less effective. The morphological changes of the fungus exposed to the terpenes were observed by electron microscopy. The hyphae were distorted and collapsed at 0.2, 0.4 and 1 mg/ml of eugenol, nerolidol and alpha-terpineol respectively, and cell membrane and organelles were irreversibly damaged at 0.2 mg/ml citral. These suggested that four terpenes possess antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption.