Does the Grape Products Intake has an Effect on Body Weight in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

INTRODUCTION: There is a growing interest in the considerable benefits of grape products intake, as some studies have indicated that they may improve cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the widespread impact of grape products on the anthropometric indices is not fully resolved. METHOD: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of grape products intake on anthropometric indices in adults. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) examining the effects of grape products intake on anthropometric indices, published up to December 2021, were identified through PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science databases. 30 studies with 35 effect sizes, including 1284 participants (708 cases and 576 controls), were included and analyzed using a random-effects model to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULT: The outcomes have revealed grape products intake to significantly decrease body weight (p = 0.001) and body mass index (p = 0.004) in obese participants, and also, a greater effect was observed when grape seed extract was used. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that grape products intake may help to decrease body weight in obese participants. Future large RCTs with longer duration and obese populations are needed to expand our findings.

The impact of Emblica Officinalis (Amla) on lipid profile, glucose, and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Emblica Officinalis (Amla) is a plant often utilized in traditional medicine due to its purported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties. However, current evidence regarding its potential for preventing and treating metabolic abnormalities associated with chronic diseases remains unclear. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of Amla supplementation on lipid profile, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in adults. We completed a systematic search (current as of December 2022) of all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the database including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Any effect's mean difference (MD) was calculated using a random-effects model. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated also calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Five RTCs were included in the meta-analysis. Following Amla supplementation, pooled results showed a significant reduction in CRP (p = 0.002), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), and serum triglyceride (TG) (p < 0.001) concentrations as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p < 0.001). The baseline concentration of biochemical indicators was used for subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION: Amla supplementation shows promise for improving metabolic parameters in adults. In general, the populations included in the analysis were generally 40-58 years with an average BMI of 25.5 and a length of intervention ranging from 3 to 12 weeks. Thus additional investigations are warranted to confirm and expand the findings presented herein.

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on lipid profile in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Background: The findings of trials investigating the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) administration on lipid profile are controversial. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to explore the effects of CLA supplementation on lipid profile. Methods: Two authors independently searched electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until March 2022, in order to find relevant RCTs. The random effects model was used to evaluate the mean and standard deviation. Results: In total, 56 RCTs with 73 effect sizes met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for the meta-analysis. CLA supplementation significantly alter triglycerides (TG) (WMD: 1.76; 95% CI: -1.65, 5.19), total cholesterols (TC) (WMD: 0.86; 95% CI: -0.42, 2.26), low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C) (WMD: 0.49; 95% CI: -0.75, 2.74), apolipoprotein A (WMD: -3.15; 95% CI: -16.12, 9.81), and apolipoprotein B (WMD: -0.73; 95% CI: -9.87, 8.41) concentrations. However, CLA supplementation significantly increased the density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: -0.40; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.07) concentrations. Conclusion: CLA supplementation significantly improved HDL-C concentrations, however, increased concentrations of TG, TC, LDL-C, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier: CRD42022331100.

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on liver function enzymes and malondialdehyde in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous research reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on liver enzymes. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize data from available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the effect of CLA supplementation on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in adults. METHODS: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases were investigated to identify relevant articles up to July 2022. The weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated via a random-effects model to evaluate the effect size. Between studies, heterogeneity was evaluated by the Cochran's Q test and I2. RESULTS: 22 RCTs with 26 effect sizes were included. The effect size for ALT (IU/L), AST (IU/L), and MDA (µmol/L) were 19, 19 and 6 respectively. The pooled analysis demonstrated CLA decreases MDA (p = 0.003). However, ALT and AST levels did not change after CLA supplementation compared with control group. CONCLUSION: CLA supplementation may significantly reduce MDA levels as a marker of oxidative stress. However, supplementing with CLA failed to alter ALT and AST.

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on blood pressure and endothelial function in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Findings of studies investigating the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function are controversial. METHOD: This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to explore the effects of CLA supplementation on BP and endothelial function. Two authors independently searched electronic databases using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until March 2022, in order to find relevant RCTs. RESULTS: Eighteen RCTs with 20 effect sizes met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for meta-analysis. CLA supplementation did not significantly alter systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD: -0.48; 95% CI: -3.23, 2.27), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -0.71; 95% CI: -3.54, 2.12), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) (WMD: -34.02; 95% CI: -88.08, 20.03) levels. However, CLA supplementation significantly reduced intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) (WMD: -8.02; 95% CI: -13.95, -2.09) level. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed CLA association with reduction of ICAM. The PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022331108.

The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Serum Magnesium and Calcium Concentration in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize all the existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evidence and to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplementation on serum magnesium, calcium and urinary magnesium concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the control. Two independent authors systematically searched online databases including Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception until 30th January 2022. RCTs complying with the inclusion criteria were included in this meta-analysis. The heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Sixteen trials were included in this meta-analysis. Serum magnesium (mean difference, 0.15 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.23; p = 0.001) and urinary magnesium (WMD, 1.99 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.36 to 3.62; p = 0.017) concentrations were significantly increased after magnesium supplementation when compared with the control group. However, magnesium supplementation did not have any significant effect on serum calcium (WMD, -0.09 mg/dL; 95% CI, -0.27 to 0.08; p = 0.294) level when compared with the control group. This meta-analysis demonstrated that magnesium supplementation significantly increased Serum magnesium levels which may have played an indirect role in improved clinical symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Effect of synbiotic and probiotic supplementation on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level, depression and anxiety symptoms in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on the depression and anxiety symptoms and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. METHODS: Seventy-five HD patients were randomly assigned to receive the synbiotic (15 g of prebiotics, 5 g of probiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus T16, Bifidobacterium bifidum BIA-6, Bifidobacterium lactis BIA-7, and Bifidobacterium longum BIA-8 (2.7 × 107 CFU/g each)) or probiotics (5 g probiotics as in synbiotic group with 15 g of maltodextrin as placebo) or placebo (20 g of maltodextrin) for 12 weeks. Serum BDNF was measured by ELISA kit. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess symptoms of depression (HADS-DEP) and anxiety (HADS-ANX). RESULTS: From baseline to 12 weeks, synbiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in HADS-DEP score in a subgroup of patients with depressive symptom (HADS-DEP ≥ 8) compared to the placebo and probiotic supplementation (p = .001, p = .002, respectively) and in all patients compared to the placebo (p = .004). There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of HADS-ANX scores. However, the HADS-ANX scores decreased significantly in the synbiotic group compared to the baseline in all patients (p = .047) and also patients with depressive symptom (p = .03). In addition, in a subgroup of HD patients with depressive symptom, the serum BDNF increased significantly in the synbiotic group when compared to the placebo (p < .001) and probiotic group (p = .011). CONCLUSION: Overall, 12 weeks of synbiotic supplementation resulted in greater improvement in depression symptoms and serum BDNF level compared to the probiotic supplementation in HD patients especially in the subgroup of patients with depression symptoms.

Effect of Synbiotic and Probiotic Supplementation on Serum Levels of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Control Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of synbiotic and probiotic supplementation on serum vascular dysfunction and necrosis markers in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 75 HD patients were randomly assigned to either the synbiotic or probiotic or placebo group. The patients in the synbiotic group received 15 g of prebiotics and 5 g probiotic powder containing Lactobacillus acidophilus strain T16 (IBRC-M10785), Bifidobacterium bifidum strain BIA-6, Bifidobacterium lactis strain BIA-6, Bifidobacterium longum strain LAF-5 (2.7 × 107 CFU/g each) in sachets (n = 25), whereas the probiotic group received 5 g probiotics same to the first group with 15 g of maltodextrin powder in sachets (n = 25) and the placebo group received 20 g of maltodextrin powder in sachets (n = 25) for 12 weeks. At baseline and the end of the study, serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1 (sVCAM-1), cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) as the necrosis marker, uric acid, and phosphate levels were measured. Feces also were collected for microbiota colony counting. Serum ICAM-1 level reduced significantly in the synbiotic group after the intervention period (P = 0.02), and this reduction was significantly different in the synbiotic group in comparison to the placebo group (P = 0.03). Serum levels of VCAM-1 and CK-18 were not significantly different between the groups. However, the reduction in serum levels of VCAM-1 in the synbiotic group was significantly higher in comparison to the placebo group (P = 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that ∆ phosphate was the sole independent determinant of ∆ICAM-1 (P = 0 < 001). The study indicated that synbiotic supplementation reduced serum ICAM-1 level, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in HD patients, but has no effect on the necrosis marker. Trial registration: www.irct.ir (IRCT2017041233393N1).