RESUMEN
The fracture distribution and internal control factors after the fracturing of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs determine the reservoir reforming effect to a large extent. Based on the research of global scholars on the influencing factors of fracture propagation, comprehensive theoretical model, and numerical simulation, this Review systematically discusses the influence of internal geological factors and external engineering factors of unconventional oil and gas reservoir on fracture propagation behavior and summarizes the current problems and development trends in fracture research. The results show the following: (1) The fracture propagation is a comprehensive process constrained by lithology and mineral composition, water saturation, nonhomogeneity, natural weak surface, and ground stress. (2) External engineering factors have a meaningful control effect on fracture propagation; the type and temperature of fracturing fluids can also change the mechanical properties of different rocks, thus affecting the fracture propagation pattern. (3) The existing fracture propagation models have certain limitations, and their computational reliability still needs to be further verified. (4) Numerical simulation can break through the limitations of physical simulation, but different simulation methods have different shortcomings and applicability. In the future, we should focus on: (1) finding parameters to quantitatively characterize heterogeneity at the 3D level, which is an important direction to study the effect of heterogeneity on fracture propagation; (2) introducing computerized methods to establish a geological model that considers multiple factors and combining it with numerical simulation software to study fracture propagation; (3) considering the characteristics of fluid-liquid-solid phase comprehensively, establishing a suitable THL coupling equation; (4) how the interaction mode of fracturing fracture is combined with the natural fracture geometry, and how the fracture is affected by fracturing engineering parameters such as fluid injection rate and viscosity of fracturing fluid; and (5) geology-engineering dynamic integration, which is an important direction to be carried out in the future.
RESUMEN
UNLABELLED: To reveal the effects of soybean milk with chromium fortification on the blood glucose and lipid of diabetic rat dealt with alloxan. The alloxan diabetic rats were divided into three groups and were fed continuously with the soybean milk without chromium fortification [Cr 0.25 microgram/(d.kg BW)], and with low chromium [Cr 30 micrograms/(d.kg BW)] and high chromium fortification [Cr 300 micrograms/(d.kg BW)] respectively for four weeks. The blood samples from all experimental rats tail vine were obtained each week. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and insulin were tested. RESULTS: The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein and insulin were lowered significantly, and high-density lipoprotein was elevated significantly in the rats fed by soybean milk with high chromium fortification during the experimental period. The effect of improving blood glucose concentration in the group of soybean milk with high chromium fortification is significantly better than that in other groups. CONCLUSION: The present investigation indicates that soybean milk with chromium fortification can improve glucose and lipid metabolism of diabetic rat, and has a potential use in the diabetes mellitus prevention and control.