The Experimental Study Using Beagle Dogs for the Clinical Application of Poloxamer-solutol Propofol / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: To reduce side effects such as hyperlipidemia, pain on injection, and bacterial growth of the present formation of propofol, many attempts to change its formulation have been tried. We have developed a newly formulated poloxamer-solutol propofol, which is includes soy bean oil and egg phosphatide as sufactants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the poloxamer-solutol propofol regarding its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and bacterial growth compared to original propofol. METHODS: Thirty Beagle dogs weighing around 10-15 kg were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 received Diprivan propofol 1% (AstraZeneca Co. UK), Group 2 received poloxamer-solutol formulated propofol by continuous intravenous infusion at 35 mg/kg/h for 3 hours. Three, 6, 9 and 12 hours after the discontinuation of the propofol infusion, venous samples from the anterior tibial vein were analysed for liver and renal function test. Also, blood lipid levels were checked after 3 hours of infusion and blood propofol concentrations were checked every hour during infusion. Eye opening time and orientation time, represented by walking on four legs, were evaluated. Also, broth cultures (100microliter) of four standard preservative efficacy test organisms (Staphylococcus Aureus, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli, Candida Albicans) were added to 9.9 ml of four test formulations at approximately 200 colony forming units/ml. The subjected formulations were; original propofol (AstraZeneca Co, 1% solution, UK), EDTA added propofol (0.0055% EDTA added propofol), Poloxamer-Solutol formulated propofol (poloxamer 188/407 and solutol mixture), and normal saline. The test formulations were incubated at 25degrees C and 32.5degrees C (Tryptic soy agar medium for bacteria and Sabrouraud dextrose agar medium for fungus) and tested for viable counts after 24 and 48 hours. RESULTS: Poloxamer-solutol propofol showed no increase of triglyceride and the propofol concentrations showed no difference between the two groups. Also the original propofol supported the growth of all microorganisms at both temperatures and times. EDTA added propofol inhibited the growth of microorganisms more than the original propofol, but not as much as the poloxamer-solutol formulated propofol. Saline showed a similar pattern as the propofol with added EDTA. CONCLUSIONS: The poloxamer-solutol formulated propofol has advantages by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies in terms of the initial TG level during propofol infusion, and shows more bacteriostatic activity against all four microorganisms than the original propofol and the propofol with added EDTA.

Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Encoding Fusion(F) Protein of the Thermostable Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from a Diseased Pheasant

The gene encoding F protein of CBP-1 strain, a heat-stable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from the diseased pheasants in Korea, was characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Virus RNA was prepared from the chorioallatoic fluid infected with NDV CBP-1 virus and cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced to analyze. The PCR was sensitive as to detect the virus titer above 25 hemagglutination unit. 1.7kb (1,707bp) size of the cDNA was amplified and cloned into BamHI site of pVL1393 Baculo transfer vector. The nucleotide sequences for F protein were determined by dye terminator cyclic sequencing using four pairs of primers, and 553 amino acid sequences were predicted. In comparison of the nucleotide sequence of F gene of CBP-1 with those of other NDV strains, the homology revealed 88.8%, 98.5% and 98.7% with Kyojungwon (KJW), Texas GB and Beaudette C strains, respectively. As the deduced 553 amino acid sequences of F protein of CBP-1 were compared with those of other NDV strains, the homology appeared 89.9%, 98.7% and 98.9% with KJW, Texas GB and Beaudette C strains, respectively. The putative protease cleavage site (112-116) was R-R-Q-K-R, indicating that CBP-1 strain is velogenic type. The amino acid sequences include 6 sites of N-asparagine-linked glycosylation and 13 cysteine residues. These data indicate that the genotype of CBP-1 strain is more closely associated with the strains of Texas GB and Beaudette C than KJW strain.

Clinical Application of the Mapleson B System for Controlled Ventilation in Pediatric Patients / 대한마취과학회지

This study was undertaken to observe whether an adult ventilator with a preset volume could be used as a controlled ventrolled ventilator far pediatric anesthesia. 35 Patients ranging in age from 3months to 7 years were divided into two groups based on body weight(Group 1: 5~10kg, 14 cases, Group 2: 11~15kg, 21 cases) and anesthetized with halothane-N2O/O2 - pancuronium using the Mapleson B system. Immediately after induction, the reservoir bay of the Mapleson B system was replaced by the reservoir tube of the adult ventilator (MCM 801). Arterial blood gas studies 30 and 60 minutes after induction were performed, and the data from group 1 was compared with that of group 2. The magnitude of PCO2 increase 30 minutes after induction was not significantly different from that at 60 minutes(p>0.05), and alterations of PCO2 in group 1 were not stati-stically significant with group 2 (P>0.05). In conclusion, it is suggested that the Mapleson B system attached to adult ventilator is an useful and convenient device for controlled ventilation in pediatric patients.