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1.
Food Funct ; 15(8): 4354-4364, 2024 Apr 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38533683

RESUMEN

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a fatal age-related neurodegenerative condition with a multifactorial etiology contributing to 70% of dementia globally. The search for a multi-target agent to hit different targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD is crucial. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of four Morus extracts were assessed in LPS-induced AD in mice. Among the studied species, M. macroura exhibited a profound effect on alleviating the loss of cognitive function, improved the learning ability, restored the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) levels to normal, and significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) brain content in LPS-treated mice. To investigate the secondary metabolome of the studied Morus species, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS), aided with feature-based molecular networking, was employed. Among the annotated features, aryl benzofurans and prenylated flavonoids were suggested as being responsible for the observed neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, some of the detected metabolites were proposed as new natural products such as moranoline di-O-hexoside (1), isomers of trimethoxy-dihydrochalcone-O-dihexoside (59 & 76), (hydroxy-dimethoxyphenyl)butenone-O-hexoside (82), and O-methylpreglabridin-O-sulphate (105). In conclusion, our findings advocate the potential usage of M. macroura leaves for the management of AD, yet after considering further clinical trials.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Metaboloma , Morus , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Masculino , Morus/química , Metaboloma/efectos de los fármacos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Humanos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos
2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 2809, 2024 02 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38307932

RESUMEN

Microalgae species are of economic importance regarded as "green gold" being rich in bioactive compounds. Spirulina and Chlorella are the most popular microalgal species and are marketed as healthy food supplements. At the same time, Amphora holds potential as a source of healthy lipids and essential fatty acids. Yet, there are considerable variations in their reported chemical composition, and less is known about their compositional differences. A multiplexed metabolomic approach was adopted for the quality control (QC) of Spirulina supplements and to compare its constitutive metabolome to Chlorella and Amphora. The adopted protocol comprised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) for mapping their primary and secondary metabolome. Interestingly, UPLC-HRMS/MS analysis delineated the abundance of fatty acids in Amphora versus glycolipids enrichment in Spirulina, and porphyrins were the main pigments identified in Spirulina, with scarce occurrence in Chlorella. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis of GC-MS data set revealed palmitic acid, 3-mannobiose, and glyceryl-glycoside as being most enriched in Spirulina, versus sucrose and leucine in Chlorella and Amphora, respectively. Despite being of low discriminatory potential, UV/Vis OPLS-DA modeling showed that Spirulina was distinguished with the UV absorbances of carotenoids and chlorophyll pigments, as indicated by its OPLS-DA derived S-plot. Our study provides a QC approach for the analysis of the microalgal species and poses alternative spectral and compositional markers for their discrimination.


Asunto(s)
Chlorella , Microalgas , Spirulina , Chlorella/química , Spirulina/química , Quimiometría , Suplementos Dietéticos
3.
Fitoterapia ; 173: 105782, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38128622

RESUMEN

Stress, obesity, hormonal changes, and aging have been connected to cellulite aggravation resulting in skin dimpled appearance, a very common painless skin disorder with a female preponderance. Several Apiaceae plants have been traditionally used for cosmetic applications. However, their screening for anti-cellulite potential has not been deeply investigated. In this work, UPLC-HRMS/MS coupled with molecular networking was employed to glean a holistic overview of the chemodiversity of the metabolome of nine Apiaceae fruits. Additionally, the extracts were screened for in vitro antioxidant and anti-cellulite activities. Apium graveolens and Petroselinum crispum revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity, remarkably increased lipolysis, and decreased adipogenesis. Furthermore, apigenin and its glycosides were identified to be the major components in both extracts, which might be responsible for the antioxidant activity and anti-cellulite potential. Conclusively, these results signify the potent antioxidant and anti-cellulite properties of A. graveolens and P. crispum fruit extracts, holding potential for the development of plant derived products for cellulite management.


Asunto(s)
Apiaceae , Celulitis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Frutas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Estructura Molecular
4.
Molecules ; 28(2)2023 Jan 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36677732

RESUMEN

Centaurea is a genus compromising over 250 herbaceous flowering species and is used traditionally to treat several ailments. Among the Egyptian Centaurea species, C. lipii was reported to be cytotoxic against multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In this context, we aimed to explore the metabolome of C. lipii and compare it to other members of the genus in pursuance of identifying its bioactive principles. An LC-MS/MS analysis approach synchronized with feature-based molecular networks was adopted to offer a holistic overview of the metabolome diversity of the Egyptian Centaurea species. The studied plants included C. alexandrina, C. calcitrapa, C. eryngioides, C. glomerata, C. lipii, C. pallescens, C. pumilio, and C. scoparia. Their constitutive metabolome showed diverse chemical classes such as cinnamic acids, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and lignans. Linking the recorded metabolome to the previously reported cytotoxicity identified sesquiterpene lactones as the major contributors to this activity. To confirm our findings, bioassay-guided fractionation of C. lipii was adopted and led to the isolation of the sesquiterpene lactone cynaropicrin with an IC50 of 1.817 µM against the CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line. The adopted methodology highlighted the uniqueness of the constitutive metabolome of C. lipii and determined the sesquiterpene lactones to be the responsible cytotoxic metabolites.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Centaurea , Sesquiterpenos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Cromatografía Liquida , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Egipto , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Centaurea/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/química , Lactonas/química
5.
Food Chem ; 367: 130739, 2022 Jan 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34371278

RESUMEN

Saffron is a spice revered for its unique flavor and health attributes often subjected to fraudulence. In this study, molecular networking as a visualization tool for UPLC/MS dataset of saffron and its common substitutes i.e. safflower and calendula (n = 21) was employed for determining genuineness of saffron and detecting its common substitutes i.e. safflower and calendula. Saffron was abundant in flavonol-O-glycosides and crocetin esters versus richness of flavanones/chalcones glycosides in safflower and cinnamates/terpenes in calendula. OPLS-DA identified differences in UPLC/MS profiles of different saffron accessions where oxo-hydroxy-undecenoic acid-O-hexoside was posed as saffron authentication marker and aided in discrimination between Spanish saffron of high quality from its inferior grade i.e. Iranian saffron along with crocetin di-O-gentiobiosyl ester and kaempferol-O-sophoroside. Kaempferol-O-neohesperidoside and N,N,N,-p-coumaroyl spermidine were characteristic safflower metabolites, whereas, calendulaglycoside C and di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid were unique to calendula. UV/VIS fingerprint spectral regions of picrocrocin (230-260 nm) and crocin derivatives (400-470 nm) were posed as being discriminatory of saffron authenticity and suggestive it can replace UPLC/MS in saffrom quality determination.


Asunto(s)
Calendula , Crocus , Glicósidos , Irán , Especias
6.
RSC Adv ; 11(63): 39680-39695, 2021 Dec 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35494142

RESUMEN

Adansonia digitata L. also known as African baobab is one of the most important fruit-producing trees, widely distributed in the African continent. Baobab fruits are known to possess potential health benefits and nutritional value. This study aimed to holistically dissect the metabolome of A. digitata fruits using a novel comparative protocol using three different analytical platforms. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS), and headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) were respectively employed for phytonutrients and aroma profiling, whereas GC-MS post silylation provided an overview of nutrients i.e., sugars. UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis allowed for the assignment of 77 metabolites, among which 50% are reported for the first time in the fruit. While GC-MS of silylated and aroma compounds led to the identification of 74 and 16 compounds, respectively. Finally, NMR-based metabolite fingerprinting permitted the quantification of the major metabolites for future standardization. In parallel, in vivo antidiabetic potential of the baobab fruit using a streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model was assessed. Histopathological and immune-histochemical investigations revealed hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects of A. digitata fruit along with mitigation against diabetes complications. Moreover, the administration of A. digitata fruits (150 mg kg-1) twice a week lowered fasting blood glucose levels.

7.
Metabolomics ; 16(8): 86, 2020 08 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32748036

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Unroasted green coffee bean is an increasingly popular beverage and weight loss supplement that contains higher levels of chlorogenic acid derivatives and lower alkaloid levels than roasted beans. Nonetheless, how the gut microbiome metabolizes green coffee constituents has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: To identify possible biotransformation products of green coffee extract by the human gut microbiome, and the potential implications of this process on its biological effects or fate inside the body. METHODS: Molecular networking via the GNPS platform was employed for the visualization of green coffee metabolite profiles acquired using LC-tandem mass spectrometry post-incubation with an ex vivo culture of the human gut microbiome. RESULTS: 36 Metabolites were annotated including four unreported alkyl cinnamate esters in green coffee along with six novel biotransformation products. CONCLUSION: Our finding reveals new biotransformation products of cinnamate esters by the gut microbiome mediated via oxidative reactions such as dehydrogenation and hydroxylation, along with methylation, decarboxylation, and deglycosylation. These findings reveal potential interactions between the gut microbiome and green coffee constituents, and paves the way towards studying the effects of these interactions on both microbiome and the human host.


Asunto(s)
Café/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Metaboloma/fisiología , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biotransformación , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Cinamatos/metabolismo , Café/química , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Metaboloma/genética , Metabolómica/métodos , Microbiota/fisiología , Fenoles/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo
8.
Food Funct ; 11(7): 5768-5781, 2020 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32608443

RESUMEN

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an ancient perennial plant species of the Punicaceae family and is regarded as the 'miracle fruit' for its seeds being consumed as food, juice and as a functional food. Significant modern pharmacological and clinical evidence has highlighted the wide medicinal applications of pomegranate fruit parts and its juice. Pomegranate juice (PJ) that is superior to other fruit juices is a fortified source of dietary polyphenols with potential antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols of PJ include tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. The presence of these beneficial phytochemicals is directly linked to its favourable health benefits viz., obesity and diabetes management and anti-inflammatory effects. This comprehensive review capitalizes on PJ with emphasis on the interrelationship between its holistic chemical composition, metabolism and biological effects. Moreover, the review recapitulates on the diverse health benefits of PJ and related patents in the field of PJ production to ensure the best produced juice quality.


Asunto(s)
Alimentos Funcionales , Patentes como Asunto , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Polifenoles/uso terapéutico , Granada (Fruta)/química , Semillas/química , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Fármacos Antiobesidad/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/farmacología , Taninos/farmacología , Taninos/uso terapéutico
9.
Food Chem ; 331: 127358, 2020 Nov 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32593795

RESUMEN

Saffron, stigmas of Crocus sativus, is one of the most precious spices used as food colorant and flavoring agent. Due to its scarce source and high cost, it is liable to fraudulent admixture with allied plants "safflower and calendula". In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine authenticity, adulterants detection, and to assess the roasting impact on its aroma. A total of 93 volatiles were identified belonging to different classes viz. aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, mono-and sesquiterpenes, oxides/ethers and pyrans/furans. Principle component analysis (PCA) identified safranal and 2-caren-10-al as discriminatory volatile markers of saffron from its allied flowers, later found enriched in estragole, ß-caryophyllene and eugenol. PCA model also revealed markers for freshly dried versus long-stored saffron, with ketoisophorone as freshness marker versus safranal as an ageing indicator. Safranal was further identified as a marker to distinguish saffron from safflower, whereas calendula aroma was predominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons.


Asunto(s)
Crocus/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Especias/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Biomarcadores/análisis , Calendula/química , Carthamus tinctorius/química , Ciclohexanonas/análisis , Ciclohexenos , Flores/química , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Industria de Procesamiento de Alimentos , Irán , Odorantes/análisis , España , Terpenos
10.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 120: 109541, 2019 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31629949

RESUMEN

The phenolic profile of the leaves of Beta vulgaris subspecies vulgaris variety rubra was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometric (ESI-HRMS-MS) detection. Mass spectrometry-based molecular networking was employed to dereplicate the known compounds. Twelve known compounds, seven of which are previously undescribed as constituents in the B. vulgaris leaves were dereplicated and assigned with various levels of identification confidence. The ameliorative effects of the aqueous methanolic extract of the leaves were assessed against alloxan induced diabetic rats. It was found that the extract significantly decreased (p < 0.001) serum glucose, lipid profile, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and hepatic MDA levels; and significantly increased (p < 0.001) hepatic TAO and GSH; and down-regulated the expression of hepatic NF-κB versus the untreated diabetic groups, in a dose-dependent manner. In molecular docking, all identified compounds exhibited good glide score against the PPAR-É£ target, confirming the in vivo observed activities. In conclusion, B. vulgaris has immunomodulatory / antioxidant effects that could be helpful in slowing the progression of diabetic complications.


Asunto(s)
Beta vulgaris/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aterosclerosis/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Fenoles/análisis , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Pruebas de Toxicidad Aguda
11.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 11122, 2019 07 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31366955

RESUMEN

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathophysiology of several health disorders, among others inflammation. Polyphenols may modulate ROS related disorders. In this work, thirty-two phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in a leaf extract from Eugenia supra-axillaris Spring. ex Mart. using HPLC-MS/MS, five of which were also individually isolated and identified. The extract displayed a substantial in vitro antioxidant potential and was capable of decreasing ROS production and hsp-16.2 expression under oxidative stress conditions in vivo in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Also, the extract showed higher inhibitory selectivity towards COX-2 than COX-1 in vitro with higher selectivity towards COX-2 than that of diclofenac. The extract also exhibited anti-inflammatory properties: It attenuated the edema thickness in a dose dependent fashion in carrageenan-induced hind-paw odema in rats. In addition, the extract reduced the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity at the highest dose. Furthermore, the extract showed antipyretic and analgesic activities in a mouse model. Eugenia supra-axillaris appears to be a promising candidate in treating inflammation, pain and related oxidative stress diseases.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/fisiología , Antipiréticos/farmacología , Eugenia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos
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