Histopathology and Histomorphological Study of Wound Healing Using Clove Extract Nanofibers (Eugenol) Compared to Zinc Oxide Nanofibers on the Skin of Rats.

In order to evaluate the healing effect of eugenol and other nanofibers, 100 male Wistar rats (200±10 g) were used with 14-15 weeks of age in this study. All of the male rats were transferred in the standard cages under controlled exposure conditions in a 12:12 h light/dark cycle with a constant temperature about 22±2 oC. In addition, the male rats were fed with pellets. Firstly, anesthesia process was performed by 2% xylazine hydrochloride (10mg/Kg/IP) and 10% ketamine hydrochloride (100mg/Kg/IP), and then the rats were placed on the operating table. Then the dorsal surfaces of the rats’ skin to ileum were scrubbed and prepared as the next step. A circular wound (with a 7 mm diameter) was created by a 7 mm sterile biopsy punch. All 100 rats were divided into four groups (n=25) randomly named as control, nano zinc oxide (ZnO), eugenol nanofibers, and polycaprolactone groups. After that, they were divided into five groups regarding the wound closure rate in days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21. Then, the wound dressings were placed on the wounds and renewed every 24 h. At the end of days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21, the relevant tests, such as histopathology, were conducted by removing the tissue volume using a biopsy punch, and then decapitation process was performed on the rats. It was obvious that eugenol nanofiber showed the best granulation tissue by the production of collagen. Further studies are being performed on wound healing by eugenol nanofiber.

Investigation of the Effects of Spinal Dexamethasone Injection as a Premedication in Rabbit Anesthesia.

Anesthesia and analgesia are important in human and veterinary medicine, especially in surgical procedures. Rodents, avians, and exotic species are required to be anesthetized using an appropriate anesthetic regimen. This study aimed to suggest a new anesthetic drug and method in order to facilitate anesthesia as well as analgesia among rabbits, laboratory animals, and humans. Spinal injection of dexamethasone combined with intramuscular ketamine among rabbits can play the role of premedication agents. A total of 24 healthy white adult rabbits from New-Zealand were equally assigned into four groups. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were subjected to spinal xylazine (5mg/kg) with ketamine (35mg/kg,IM), spinal dexamethasone (0.37mg/kg-four times diluted) with ketamine (35mg/kg,IM), dexamethasone (4mg/kg,IM) with ketamine (35mg/kg,IM), and spinal dexamethasone (0.37mg/kg-four times diluted), respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference in terms of clinical reflexes recorded for group 2, compared to groups 1 and 3. A significant difference was also observed regarding clinical reflexes between group 2 and the other groups. Furthermore, no abnormality was observed in terms of histological sections within groups 2 and 4. Spinal dexamethasone can be used as a premedication combined with ketamine in rabbit anesthesia.

Evaluation of a bioceramic-based nanocomposite material for controlled delivery of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

In this study, nanocomposite of 50wt% calcium sulfate and 50wt% nanocrystalline apatite was produced and its biocompatibility, physical and structural properties were compared with pure calcium sulfate (CS) cement. Indomethacin (IM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was also loaded on both CS and nanocomposite cements and its in vitro release was evaluated over a period of time. The effect of the loaded IM on basic properties of the cements was also investigated. Biocompatibility tests showed a partial cytotoxicity in CS cement due to the reduced number of viable mouse fibroblast L929 cells in contact with the samples as well as spherical morphologies of the cells. However, no cytotoxic effect was observed for nanocomposite cement and no significant difference was found between the number of the cells seeded in contact with this specimens and culture plate as control. Other results showed that the setting time and injectability of the nanocomposite cement was much higher than those of CS cement, whereas reverse result obtained for compressive strength. In addition, incorporation of IM into compositions slightly increased the initial setting time and injectability of the cements and did not change their compressive strength. While a fast IM release was observed from CS cement in which about 97% of the loaded drug was released during 48h, nanocomposite cement showed a sustained release behavior in which 80% of the loaded IM was liberated after 144h. Thus, the nanocomposite can be a more appropriate carrier than CS for controlled release of IM in bone defect treatments.