RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE：To promote rational use of OTC in the family ，and to provide reference for the formulation of related policy by health administration department. METHODS ：By stratified cluster sampling method ，using residents of 4 cities from Gansu province as objects ，face-to-face questionnaire household survey was conducted in Jan. 2019. The general information of the residents and their family self-medication behaviors were collected ，and the influential factors [tendency factors （including cognition of OTC and attitude towards self-medication ），contributing factors and strengthening factors ，and odds ratio （OR）was used to study the correlation between factors and results] of self-medication behaviors were analyzed by PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Epi Data 3.10 software was used to establish database ，and SPSS 16.0 software was adopted to analyze the family self-medication behavior of residents statistically. RESULTS ：A total of 3 600 questionnaires were sent out ，and 3 111 valid questionnaires were recovered ，with an effective recovery rate of 86.4％. 81.8％（2 541/3 106）of the respondents had self- medication behavior in the past 1 year. The results of binary Logistic regression and χ2 test showed that female residents ，irregular daily life ， no chronic disease ，low monthly family income ，new rural cooperative medical care and urban residents ’medical insurance were more inclined to self-medication. In the tendency factors ，residents who knew that OTC could be purchased in the pharmacy without the doctor ’s prescription （OR＝1.322）， Δ 基金项目 ：国家自然科学基金资助项目 （No.41405108， No.21472077） drug package with OTC logo （OR＝1.397）and the Chinese ＊讲师，硕士。研究方向：药物新制剂、新剂型、新技术。E-mail： herbal medicine also had toxic side effects （OR＝1.750），the 410843130@qq.com possibility of self-medication was greater ；the residents who # 通信作者：教授，博士。研究方向：药物活性分子的设计与合 seldom cleaned the family medicine box （OR＝0.462），quick 成。E-mail：wangshh@lzu.edu.cn and effective drugs （OR＝0.670） and ADR （OR＝0.688） 中国药房 2020年第31卷第11期 China Pharmacy 2020Vol. 31 No. 11 ·1377· were the factors that prevent the occurrence of se lf-medication behavior ，while low drug price （OR＝5.298）was the tendency factor of self-medication behavior. In the contributing factors ，the incidence of self-medication of residents with regular drugs in their home was 2.997 times higher than that those without reserves ；the convenience of self-medication （OR＝1.376），the proximity of drugstores to home （OR＝1.680），the credibility of drug quality （OR＝1.355） had a facilitating effect on the occurrence of self-medication. In the strengthening factors ，the suggestions of relatives and friends （OR＝3.388），books， newspapers and TV network advertisements （OR＝2.043）had a strengthening effect on the occurrence of self-medication. The above factors had a significant effect on the residents ’self-medication（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The family self-medication behavior of residents in Gansu province is common. The residents with higher cognitive level tend to self-medication ；the lower the drug price ，the more likely the self-medication behavior will occur. The factors contributing to the occurrence of self-medication are the regular drugs at home ，the proximity of drugstores to home ，and the credibility of drug quality. The suggestions of relatives and friends，online advertising and other factors are the strengthening factors of the occurrence of self-medication behavior.
RESUMEN
Rhubarb anthraquinone derivatives (AQs) have been documented to have both therapeutic and toxic effect on liver and kidney, leading to a complex puzzle to assess their benefits and risks. In this study, the tissue distributions of AQs in SD rats after orally administrated extracts of raw and prepared rhubarb were examined whether they undergo different uptake. The total rhubarb extract (14.49 g x kg(-1) of body weight per day od, counted on the quantity of crude material) was administrated orally for 12 weeks. The concentrations of the AQs in different tissues were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The five major AQs, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophynol and physcion, could all be detected in the liver, kidney and spleen, while only rhein, aloe-emodin and emodin reached the quantitative limit. The tissue concentrations of AQs in raw rhubarb group were higher than that in steamed rhubarb group with rhein > emodin > aloe-emodin in the same tissue. On the whole, the tissue distribution of rhein was higher than that of emodin and aloe-emodin in liver, spleen and kidney. AQs could not be detected in those tissues after drug withdraw for 4 weeks, which suggested scarcely any accumulative toxicity of rhubarb. The result indicated that raw rhubarb had more tissue toxicity than steamed rhubarb and rhein may be one of the major poisonous ingredients. The results were concordant with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of toxicity-attenuating effect of processing.