RESUMEN
The nucleotide sequences of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene (rbcL) of Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, G. inflata, G. echinata, G. macedonica and G. pallidiflora have been determined to construct their phylogenetic tree. Based on these sequences, the six Glycyrrhiza species were divided into two groups: three, G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata, which produce glycyrrhizin as a major saponin, and the others, G. echinata, G. macedonica and G. pallidiflora, which produce macedonoside C as a major saponin. Among the three glycyrrhizin-producing species, only two nucleotide substitutions were observed between the rbcL sequences of G. glabra and G. uralensis, and the sequence of G. uralensis was identical to that of G. inflata, indicating that G. uralensis and G. inflata are closely related. Among the three macedonoside C-producing species, only one nucleotide substitution was observed between those of G. echinata and G. macedonica, indicating that these two species are also closely related.
Asunto(s)
Glycyrrhiza/clasificación , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Medicinales , Ribulosa-Bifosfato Carboxilasa , ADN de Plantas/análisis , Glycyrrhiza/química , Glycyrrhiza/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/química , Raíces de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
The nucleotide sequences of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene (rbcL) of Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, G. inflata, G. echinata, and G. pallidiflora have been determined to construct the phylogenetic tree. In the phylogenetic tree based on the rbcL sequences, the five Glycyrrhiza species were divided into two groups: the three glycyrrhizin-producing species G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata; and the two glycyrrhizin-nonproducing species G. echinata and G. pallidiflora. Among the three glycyrrhizin-producing species, only two nucleotide substitutions were observed between the rbcL sequence of G. glabra and G. uralensis, and the sequence of G. uralensis was identical to that of G. inflata, indicating that the three glycyrrhizin-producing species are closely related.
Asunto(s)
Glycyrrhiza/clasificación , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Medicinales , Ribulosa-Bifosfato Carboxilasa , ADN de Plantas/análisis , ADN de Plantas/genética , Amplificación de Genes , Glycyrrhiza/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
We treated a murine osteosarcoma cell line, LM8, which preferentially metastasizes to the lungs, with a new angiogenesis inhibitor, TNP-470, to evaluate the efficacy of this compound in the suppression of pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma. In an in vivo experiment, tumor cells were inoculated i.v. into C3H mice, and TNP-470 or vehicle alone (control group) was administered s.c. every day for 3 weeks. In the TNP-470-treated groups, both the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules and the lung wet weight were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, vascular density in the metastatic tumors estimated by immunohistochemical staining with anti-von-Willebrand factor antibody as an endothelial marker were significantly reduced. No severe side-effects were found. In an in vitro experiment, viable tumor cells were counted after 3 days' treatment with TNP-470. The 50% inhibitory concentration was 0.6 ng/ml for LM8, which was more sensitive than other tumor cells previously reported. Our results show that TNP-470 suppresses the pulmonary metastasis of LM8 and suggest that both its anti-angiogenic activity and cytostatic activity towards LM8 are responsible for the antitumor effect.