Effect of Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Emergency Nursing Using the SWOT Model on Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Objective: To explore the effect of interdisciplinary collaboration in emergency nursing using the strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) model on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Eighty AMI patients undergoing rescue treatment at Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from October 2020 to June 2022 were selected and randomly divided into the SWOT group and the control group. The patients in the control group received routine emergency nursing intervention, while those in the SWOT group were given interdisciplinary collaboration using the SWOT model. The emergency-related time, cardiac function indicators, incidence of adverse events, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: The waiting time, triage assessment time, electrocardiogram examination time, emergency treatment time, PCI duration and ICU stay time in SWOT group were significantly shorter than those in control group. The left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESd), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the SWOT group were all superior to those in the control group. The SWOT group had a significantly lower incidence rate of adverse events than the control group. The quality of life scores of SWOT group were higher than those of control group. The nursing satisfaction in the SWOT group was higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: Interdisciplinary collaboration using the SWOT model for AMI patients can effectively shorten the rescue time, ameliorate cardiac function indicators, reduce the risk of adverse events, improve patients' quality of life, and enhance nursing satisfaction.

Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis based on mechanism of Huangqin Tang in treatment of colorectal cancer / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To analyze the potential therapeutic targets of Huangqin Tang in treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC)by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques,and to clarify the related molecular mechanism.Methods:The active component and target dataset for Huangqin Tang were constructed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP);the CRC-disease related target dataset was built by Databases such as GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM),and pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base(PharmGKB).Drug-disease target intersect,Huangqin Tang herbal formula network,and protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were built by R software,Cytoscape software,and STRING Database;Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were conducted by R software and Metascape platform;molecular docking validation was performed with AutoDock and PyMOL software to assess the ligand-receptor binding.Results:A total of 136 effective active components of Huangqin Tang were screened,and 242 potential targets were identified for treatment of CRC,including 18 core targets.Five core key targets closely related to CRC,identified through signaling pathway analysis,were protein kinase B1(AKT1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3),proto-oncogene FOS,tumor protein p53(TP53),and proto-oncogene MYC.The GO functional enrichment analysis results mainly involved various biological processes related to cellular stress responses.The KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis results showed that potential targets were highly enriched in the cancer pathway;further analysis on CRC core targets via KEGG signaling pathway revealed involvement primarily in pathways related to endocrine resistance,apoptosis,and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)resistance.The molecular docking results showed that the active components of Huangqin Tang,including quercetin,kaempferol,baicalein,7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone,and naringenin,were stably docked with AKT1,MAPK3,FOS,TP53,and MYC,and quercetin exhibited the best binding with AKT1.Conclusion:The active components of Huangqin Tang can treat CRC through multi-target and multi-pathway.The core ligand quercetin and AKT1 may exert the therapeutic effect in CRC by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathways to influence the cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis processes.

Effects of Zhu Lian stimulant Type I acupuncture on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB and tissue homogenate cyclic adenosine phosphate in rats with diabetic bladder / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of Zhulian stimulant type Ⅰ acupuncture on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB and tissue homogenate cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) in rats with diabetic bladder (DCP); To explore the mechanism of Zhulian stimulant type Ⅰacupuncture on DCP.Methods:Totally 50 SD rats were divided into control group, model group, Western medicine group, ordinary acupuncture group, Zhulian stimulant type Ⅰ acupuncture treatment group (acupuncture treatment group) according to random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. DCP rat model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), except for the control group. The Western medicine group was given mecobalamine for gavage; acupoints of "Zhongji", "Sanyinjiao", "Liechou" and "Taichong" were selected. The ordinary acupuncture group was treated with ordinary acupuncture technique, and the acupuncture treatment group was treated with Zhulian stimulant type Ⅰ acupuncture, 1 time/d, 30 minutes/time. Samples were taken after 4 weeks of treatment. The maximum bladder volume, residual urine volume and wet weight of the bladder were detected. The morphology of rat bladder was observed by HE staining. The expression level of BDNF was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of cAMP was detected by Western blot. The level of TrkB was determined by ELISA. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of BDNF and cAMP.Results:Compared with model group, maximum bladder volume, residual urine volume and wet weight of bladder in Western medicine group, ordinary acupuncture group and acupuncture treatment group decreased ( P<0.01), and those in Western medicine group and acupuncture treatment group were lower than those in ordinary acupuncture group ( P<0.01). The expressions of BDNF mRNA and protein, cAMP mRNA and protein in Western medicine group, ordinary acupuncture group and acupuncture treatment group increased ( P<0.05), and the level of TrkB increased, and the Western medicine group and acupuncture treatment group were higher than that in ordinary acupuncture group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Zhuliping stimulant type Ⅰ acupuncture has a protective effect on the bladder function of diabetic rats. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of BDNF and mRNA, TrkB, cAMP and mRNA expressions.

Huangqi Decoction, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, inhibits the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells by regulating the long noncoding RNA-C18orf26-1/microRNA-663a/transforming growth factor-β axis / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Huangqi Decoction (HQD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used as a valid treatment for alleviating liver fibrosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Although our previous studies showed that microRNA-663a (miR-663a) suppresses the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the transforming growth factor-β/small mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF-β/Smad) pathway, whether long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in HSC activation via the miR-663a/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway has not yet reported. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of lncRNA lnc-C18orf26-1 in the activation of HSCs and the mechanism by which HQD inhibits hepatic fibrosis.@*METHODS@#The expression levels of lnc-C18orf26-1, miR-663a and related genes were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. HSCs were transfected with the miR-663a mimic or inhibitor and lnc-C18orf26-1 small interfering RNAs. The water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay was used to assess the proliferation rate of HSCs. Changes in lncRNA expression were evaluated in miR-663a-overexpressing HSCs by using microarray to identify miR-663a-regulated lncRNAs. RNA hybrid was used to predict the potential miR-663a binding sites on lncRNAs. Luciferase reporter assays further confirmed the interaction between miR-663a and the lncRNA. The expression levels of collagen α-2(I) chain (COL1A2), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related proteins were determined using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Lnc-C18orf26-1 was upregulated in TGF-β1-activated HSCs and competitively bound to miR-663a. Knockdown of lnc-C18orf26-1 inhibited HSC proliferation and activation, downregulated TGF-β1-stimulated α-SMA and COL1A2 expression, and inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. HQD suppressed the proliferation and activation of HSCs. HQD increased miR-663a expression and decreased lnc-C18orf26-1 expression in HSCs. Further studies showed that HQD inhibited the expression of COL1A2, α-SMA, TGF-β1, TGF-β type I receptor (TGF-βRI) and phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) in HSCs, and these effects were reversed by miR-663a inhibitor treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study identified lnc-C18orf26-1 and miR-663a as promising therapeutic targets for hepatic fibrosis. HQD inhibits HSC proliferation and activation at least partially by regulating the lnc-C18orf26-1/miR-663a/TGF-β1/TGF-βRI/p-Smad2 axis.

Sexual Dimorphism in Mechanical Hypersensitivity Induced by Subcutaneous Injection of M-CSF / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate whether there exists gender differences in mechanical pain hypersensitivity induced by the subcutaneous injection of macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF） in normal mice and to explore the preliminary mechanism. MethodsThirty 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups， (n = 10 mice/group, half male and half female). The albumin control group （BSA， 0.3 μg）， low dose M-CSF group （L M-CSF， 0.075 μg） and high dose M-CSF group （H M-CSF， 0.3 μg） received 50 μL BSA or M-CSF injected subcutaneously into the left medial thigh once daily for 3 consecutive days. Before and after drug administration， von-Frey mechanical sensitivity test was used to detect the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold （PWT） in each group. Immunofluorescence was performed to examine the expression changes of Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in skin， calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） and phosphorylated ERK1/2 （p-ERK） in L5-L6 DRG and lumbar spinal dorsal horn. ResultsIn female mice， only high dose of M-CSF caused mechanical allodynia， whereas in male mice both doses produced marked allodynia. Mechanically， high-dose M-CSF induced massive aggregation of subcutaneous macrophages （marked by Iba1） in male and female mice， but more dramatic dependence in female mice. Similar gender differences were also found in the increase of p-ERK and CGRP expression in dorsal root ganglion （DRGs）. Notably， CGRP expression was especially elevated in the fibers of DRG in male mice. Correspondingly， the expressions of p-ERK and CGRP+ terminals in the superficial spinal dorsal horn of male mice were significantly higher than those of female mice after M-CSF treatment. ConclusionSubcutaneous injection of M-CSF triggers sexual dimorphism in mechanical pain hypersensitivity, which is related with differential changes in peripheral macrophage expansion and sensitization of the nociceptive pathway.

Class-imbalance Prediction and High-dimensional Risk Factor Identification of Adverse Reactions of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Centralized Monitoring in Real-world Hospitals / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo achieve high-dimensional prediction of class imbalanced of adverse drug reaction（ADR） of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） and to classify and identify risk factors affecting the occurrence of ADR based on the post-marketing safety data of TCM monitored centrally in real world hospitals. MethodThe ensemble clustering resampling combined with regularized Group Lasso regression was used to perform high-dimensional balancing of ADR class-imbalanced data， and then to integrate the balanced datasets to achieve ADR prediction and the risk factor identification by category. ResultA practical example study of the proposed method on a monitoring data of TCM injection performed that the accuracy of the ADR prediction， the prediction sensitivity， the prediction specificity and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve（AUC） were all above 0.8 on the test set. Meanwhile， 40 risk factors affecting the occurrence of ADR were screened out from total 600 high-dimensional variables. And the effect of risk factors on the occurrence of ADR was identified by classification weighting. The important risk factors were classified as follows：past history， medication information， name of combined drugs， disease status， number of combined drugs and personal data. ConclusionIn the real world data of rare ADR with a large amount of clinical variables， this paper realized accurate ADR prediction on high-dimensional and class imbalanced condition， and classified and identified the key risk factors and their clinical significance of categories， so as to provide risk early warning for clinical rational drug use and combined drug use， as well as scientific basis for reevaluation of safety of post-marketing TCM.

Exploring the Pathogenesis of T2DM based on the Correlation between “Qi-fire Imbalance” and Ferroptosis / 中医杂志

Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron deposition and accumulation of lipid peroxidation. More and more studies have found that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. The yin-fire theory is an important part of LI Gao's spleen-stomach theory， and it is believed that qi-fire imblance and yin-fire internal generation is the main pathogenesis of T2DM. Abnormal iron metabolism may be an important prerequisite for T2DM yin-fire internal generation， while oxidative stress is the specific manifestation of T2DM qi-fire imbalance. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） is the end product of qi-fire imbalance， and lipid peroxide is the pathological products of T2DM yin-fire internal generation. This study intends to explore the pathological mechanism of qi-fire imbalance and yin-fire internal generation from the perspectives of iron metabolism， oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation， enriching the modern connotation of yin-fire theory， and benefiting traditional Chinese medicine to target against ferroptosis， and prevent and treat T2DM precisely.

Herbal Textual Research on Rhapontici Radix in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This article systematically sorted out and researched the name， origin， harvesting and other aspects of Rhapontici Radix by referring to ancient materia medica， medical books and prescription books， combined with modern literature， in order to provide a reference basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing this herb. According to the results of the herbal textual research， it can be seen that all the generations of the materia medica have taken Loulu as the proper name， and there are also aliases such as Luligen， Laowenghua and Jiahao. The mainstream base of Rhapontici Radix recorded in the past dynasties was the present Compositae plant Rhaponticum uniflorum， which is mostly used as medicine with roots. Since the Tang dynasty， the stems and leaves of Siphonostegia chinensis have been used as Rhapontici Radix in the northern region. Until modern times， Qizhou Pharmacognosy began to differentiate it into two categories， Qizhou Loulu and Yuzhou Loulu， according to the commodity circulation at that time， producing area and origin， of which Yuzhou Loulu is the roots of Echinops latifolius， a plant of Compositae family. In ancient times， the quality of Loulu was based on "the one that comes out of Shanzhou is the best". However， in modern times， the quality of Qizhou Loulu is better if the surface is black， neat， sturdy， firm， not broken， and without a withered heart， while the quality of Yuzhou Loulu is better if the branches are thick and long with an earthy-brown surface， solid texture and neat in length. In ancient times， most of the harvesting and processing of Loulu was "harvesting the roots in lunar August and drying them in the shade"， while in modern times， the roots are mostly excavated in the spring and autumn， and dried in the sun. Its ancient method of processing is to mix and steam with licorice， nowadays， it is prepared by removing impurities， washing， moistening thoroughly， cutting into thick slices and drying in the sun， and then taking the raw products as medicine. Based on the research conclusion， it is suggested that when developing and utilizing the famous classical formulas containing Loulu， the background of the formula should be verified， and if the original formula indicated the requirement of processing， it should be processed according to the requirement， but if not， it is recommended to use raw products as medicine.

Spatial correlation between the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the chemical elemental composition of drinking water sources in a typical coal-fired pollution fluorosis area / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and correlation between the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the chemical elemental composition of drinking water sources in coal-fired fluorosis areas. Methods: Based on the survey data on the prevalence of dental fluorosis at CDC in Guizhou Province in 2022, 274 original surface drinking water sources were collected in typical coal-fired fluorosis areas, and fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), barium (Ba), lead (Pb) 17 elements; apply Moran's I index, Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis of the global spatial autocorrelation of chemical elements in drinking water and the degree of aggregation of each element on the local area, and correlation analysis with the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the region. Results: Except for Cu, Zn, and Cd, global spatial autocorrelation Moran's I was negative, and all other elements were positive. F, Ca, Al, Ti, As, Mo, Cd, and Cu elements showed high values of aggregation in the southeastern low-altitude area; Mg, Ba, Pb, Cr, Mn, and Fe elements were mainly aggregated in the central altitude terrain transition area, Zn and Se elements in water sources are significantly positively correlated with the prevalence of dental fluorosis (P<0.05). In contrast, F, Mg, Al, Ti, As, Mo, Cd, Ba, and Pb elements negatively correlate (P<0.05). Elements in the central region were high-high aggregation, as a hot spot aggregation area with high disease incidence, while F, Al, Mn, Mo, Cd, and Ba elements in the western region were low-low aggregation, as a cold spot aggregation area with a low incidence of fluorosis. Conclusions: The risk of population fluoride exposure in surface drinking water sources is shallow. However, the chemical element content of drinking water sources in coal-fired polluted endemic fluorosis areas has prominent spatial geographical distribution characteristics. There is a significant spatial aggregation effect with the prevalence of dental fluorosis, which may play a synergistic or antagonistic effect on the occurrence and prevalence of dental fluorosis.

Exploring the Pathogenesis of T2DM based on the Correlation between “Qi-fire Imbalance” and Ferroptosis / 中医杂志

@#Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron deposition and accumulation of lipid peroxidation. More and more studies have found that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. The yin-fire theory is an important part of LI Gao's spleen-stomach theory， and it is believed that qi-fire imblance and yin-fire internal generation is the main pathogenesis of T2DM. Abnormal iron metabolism may be an important prerequisite for T2DM yin-fire internal generation， while oxidative stress is the specific manifestation of T2DM qi-fire imbalance. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） is the end product of qi-fire imbalance， and lipid peroxide is the pathological products of T2DM yin-fire internal generation. This study intends to explore the pathological mechanism of qi-fire imbalance and yin-fire internal generation from the perspectives of iron metabolism， oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation， enriching the modern connotation of yin-fire theory， and benefiting traditional Chinese medicine to target against ferroptosis， and prevent and treat T2DM precisely.

Study on evaluation criteria for the quality of Chinese patent medicine purchased centrally by the Guangdong alliance / 中国药房

Since the Guangdong alliance launched the centralized procurement of Chinese patent medicine， manufacturers have engaged in fierce price competition to obtain the qualification for selection. In order to ensure that manufacturers have lowered the price without decreasing quality， the evaluation criteria for the quality of Chinese patent medicine is constructed on the basis of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. The evaluation criteria consist of the production process and therapeutic effect evaluation. The evaluation indicators involve raw materials， processing and clinical use covering the whole life cycle of Chinese patent medicine. The evaluation of production process includes 3 secondary indicators （the quality of traditional Chinese medicine， the quality of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and the quality of Chinese patent medicines） and 13 tertiary indicators （standardized production， quality inspection， processing specifications， technical processes， safety risk control， etc.）， which fully reflect the quality control of key links in the production of Chinese patent medicine. The therapeutic effect evaluation includes 5 secondary indicators （theoretical origin of formulation， proactive research by production enterprises， evidence-based medical evidence， clinical use， and technological embodiment） and 18 tertiary indicators （theoretical sources， post-market effectiveness re- evaluation， clinical guidelines， expert consensus， etc.） to assess the quality and efficacy of Chinese patent medicine from multiple perspectives and levels. This study is a useful supplement to the scheme of centralized procurement of Guangdong alliance， which can not only provide data support for selecting “low-cost and high-quality” Chinese patent medicine， but also provide information reference for hospitals to make procurement decisions.

Effects of moxibustion on serum levels of β-EP, SP and expression of IL-1β and COX-2 protein in brainstem in rats with migraine / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of moxibustion at "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) at different time points on the serum level of β-endorphin (β-EP), substance P (SP) and expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in brainstem in rats with migraine, and to explore the effect and mechanism of moxibustion in preventing and treating migraine.@*METHODS@#Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a prevention+treatment (PT) group and a treatment group, 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, the rats in the remaining groups were injected with nitroglycerin subcutaneously to prepare migraine model. The rats in the PT group were treated with moxibustion 7 days before modeling (once a day) and 30 min after modeling, while the rats in the treatment group were treated with moxibustion 30 min after modeling. The "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) were taken for 30 minutes each time. The behavioral scores in each group were observed before and after modeling. After intervention, ELISA method was used to detect the serum level of β-EP and SP; the immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the number of positive cells of IL-1β in brainstem; the Western blot method was used to detect the expression of COX-2 protein in brainstem.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, the behavioral scores in the model group were increased 0-30 min, 60-90 min and 90-120 min after modeling (P<0.01); compared with the model group, in the treatment group and the PT group, the behavioral scores were decreased 60-90 min and 90-120 min after modeling (P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the serum level of β-EP was decreased (P<0.01), while the serum level of SP, the number of positive cells of IL-1β in brainstem and the expression of COX-2 protein were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the PT group and and the treatment group, the serum level of β-EP was increased (P<0.01), while the serum level of SP, the number of positive cells of IL-1β and the expression of COX-2 protein in brainstem were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the treatment group, in the PT group, the serum level of β-EP was increased and COX-2 protein expression was decreased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion could effectively relieve migraine. The mechanism may be related to reduce the serum level of SP, IL-1β and COX-2 protein expression in brainstem, and increase the serum level of β-EP, and the optimal effect is observed in the PT group.

Effect of acupuncture on swallowing function for patients of Parkinson's disease with dysphagia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of acupuncture on swallowing function and quality of life for patients with dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD).@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients of PD with dysphagia were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off). The control group was given conventional medication therapy and rehabilitation training. On the basis of the treatment as the control group, the observation group was given acupuncture at Fengfu (GV 16), Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Yintang (GV 24+), Yansanzhen and bilateral Fengchi (GB 20), 30 min each time, once a day, 6 times a week for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test, standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) and swallowing quality of life (SWAL-QOL) were used to evaluate the swallowing function and quality of life of the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test grade, SSA scores in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.001)，the SWAL-QOL scores were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.001); in the observation group，the Kubota water swallowing test grade and SSA score were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05)，the SWAL-QOL score was higher than that in the control group (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of conventional medication therapy and rehabilitation training，acupuncture could improve the swallowing function and quality of life for patients of PD with dysphagia.

Correlation between active component content and color of Atractylodes Lancea and A. chinensis based on color difference principle / 中国中药杂志

We explored the correlations between the color difference values [ΔL~*(lightness), Δa~*(red-green), Δb~*(yellow-blue)] and the content of four active components(including sesquiterpenoids and polyacetylenes) in the powder of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis, aiming to provide reference for the quality evaluation of Atractylodis Rhizoma and establish a qualitative model that can distinguish between A. lancea and A. chinensis based on the chromatic values. The tristimulus values(L~*, a~*, and b~*) of 23 batches of A. lancea and A. chinensis were measured by a color difference meter. The content of atractylenolide Ⅱ, β-eudesmol, atractylodin, and atractylone in the 23 batches of samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were performed to establish the qualitative models for distinguishing between A. lancea and A. chinensis. SPSS was employed to analyze the correlations between the tristimulus values and the content of the four index components. The results showed that the established PCA and PLS-DA models can divide the A. lancea and A. chinensis samples into two regions, and the tristimulus values of A. lancea and A. chinensis were positively correlated with the content of β-eudesmol and atractylodin. Therefore, the PCA and PLS-DA models can successfully identify A. lancea and A. chinensis, and the appearance color can be used to quickly predict the internal quality of Atractylodis Rhizoma. This study provides a reference for the quality evaluation of Atractylodis Rhizoma and the modern research on the color of Chinese medicinal materials.

Molecular mechanism of ligustilide attenuating OGD/R injury in PC12 cells by inhibiting ferroptosis / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of ligustilide, the main active constituent of essential oils of traditional Chinese medicine Angelicae Sinensis Radix, on alleviating oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R) injury in PC12 cells from the perspective of ferroptosis. OGD/R was induced in vitro, and 12 h after ligustilide addition during reperfusion, cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. DCFH-DA staining was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS). Western blot was employed to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11), and ferritinophagy-related proteins, nuclear receptor coactivator 4(NCOA4), ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3). The fluorescence intensity of LC3 protein was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The content of glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), and Fe was detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The effect of ligustilide on ferroptosis was observed by overexpression of NCOA4 gene. The results showed that ligustilide increased the viability of PC12 cells damaged by OGD/R, inhibited the release of ROS, reduced the content of Fe and MDA and the expression of TFR1, NCOA4, and LC3, and improved the content of GSH and the expression of GPX4, SLC7A11, and FTH1 compared with OGD/R group. After overexpression of the key protein NCOA4 in ferritinophagy, the inhibitory effect of ligustilide on ferroptosis was partially reversed, indicating that ligustilide may alleviate OGD/R injury of PC12 cells by blocking ferritinophagy and then inhibiting ferroptosis. The mechanism by which ligustilide reduced OGD/R injury in PC12 cells is that it suppressed the ferroptosis involved in ferritinophagy.

Ethanol Extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch: Antidiarrheal Activity in Mice and Contraction Effect in Isolated Rabbit Jejunum / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch root (GFR) in vivo and jejunal contraction in vitro.@*METHODS@#In vivo, 50 mice were divided into negative control, positive control (verapamil), low-, medium- and high-dose GFR (250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg) groups by a random number table, 10 mice in each group. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhea mice model by evacuation index (EI). In vitro, the effects of GFR (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 g/L) on the spontaneous contraction of isolated smooth muscle of rabbit jejunum and contraction of pretreated by Acetylcholine (ACh, 10 µmol/L) and KCl (60 mmol/L) were observed for 200 s. In addition, CaCl2 was accumulated to further study its mechanism after pretreating jejunal smooth muscle with GFR (1 and 3 g/L) or verapamil (0.03 and 0.1 µmol/L) in a Ca2+-free-high-K+ solution containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).@*RESULTS@#GFR (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) significantly reduced EI in castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice (P<0.01). Meanwhile, GFR (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 g/L) inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Contraction of jejunums samples pretreated by ACh and KCl with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values was 1.05 (0.71-1.24), 0.34 (0.29-0.41) and 0.15 (0.11-0.20) g/L, respectively. In addition, GFR moved the concentration-effect curve of CaCl2 down to the right, showing a similar effect to verapamil.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GFR can effectively against diarrhea and inhibit intestinal contraction, and these antidiarrheal effects may be based on blocking L-type Ca2+ channels and muscarinic receptors.

Heat-sensitive moxibustion for migraine without aura: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect between heat-sensitive moxibustion and mild moxibustion for migraine without aura.@*METHODS@#A total of 54 patients with migraine without aura were randomized into an observation group (27 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (27 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The basic western medication treatment was adopted in the two groups. In the control group, mild moxibustion was applied at Shuaigu (GB 8), Fengchi (GB 20) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) on the affected side. In the observation group, the frequent acupoint areas of the affected side i.e. Shuaigu (GB 8), Fengchi (GB 20), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Taichong (LR 3), Yanglingquan (GB 34) were determined, 3 acupoints with strong heat-sensitive sensation were selected each time and mild moxibustion was adopted. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times of treatment was as one course and 2 courses were required in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of migraine symptom, visual analogue scale (VAS), migraine specific quality of life questionnaire (MSQ) were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of migraine symptom and VAS were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), while the MSQ scores were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01) in the two groups. After treatment, the scores of migraine symptom and VAS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the MSQ score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 92.0% (23/25) in the observation group, which was superior to 72.0% (18/25) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both heat-sensitive moxibustion and mild moxibustion can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms, improve the headache degree and life quality in patients with migraine without aura, the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion is superior to that of mild moxibustion.

Effect of acupuncture on HIF-1α/NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway in the rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of Xingnao Kaiqiao (regaining consciousness and opening orifices) acupuncture therapy on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group, an acupuncture group and a non-point acupuncture group, with 18 rats in each one. Using modified Longa thread embolization method, the rat model of acute focal cerebral ischemia was prepared; and after 2 h ischemia, the reperfusion was performed to prepared the model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Immediately after reperfusion, Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture method was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Shuigou" (GV 26) in the acupuncture group, while in the non-point acupuncture group, acupuncture was delivered at non-points and all of the needles were retained for 30 min in these two groups. The samples were collected 24 h after reperfusion in the rats of each group. Zea-Longa neurological deficit score was used to evaluate the degree of cerebral neurological impairment, TTC staining was adopted to observe the volume percentage of cerebral infarction, HE staining was provided to observe the morphological changes of brain, and Western blot was applied for detecting the expression of HIF-1α and NLRP3 proteins in the cerebral cortex on the right side.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham-operation group, neurological deficit score and volume percentage of cerebral infarction were increased in the model group (P<0.01), and HIF-1α and NLRP3 protein expression was elevated (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, neurological deficit score and volume percentage of cerebral infarction were decreased (P<0.01), and HIF-1α and NLRP3 protein expression was lower (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group. There was no significant difference in above indexes in the non-point acupuncture group compared with the model group (P>0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the brain tissue of the rats in the model group and the non-point acupuncture group was loose and edema, and the nuclei were shriveled. The brain tissue morphology in the acupuncture group was similar to that of the sham-operation group.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of HIF-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway to attenuate inflammatory response.

Research on Tongue Color Classification in Traditional Chinese Medicine with Noisy Labels based on Regional Attention Mechanism / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective Because there are often noisy labels in tongue color labeled samples,these noise samples will lead to the low performance and poor generalization ability of tongue color classification.Mining and establishing an automatic and accurate tongue color classification model to promote the objectification of tongue diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).Methods Based on the characteristics of tongue color classification in TCM,this paper proposes a tongue color classification method with noisy labels based on regional attention mechanism.The novelty of the proposed method includes:on the one hand,according to the tongue diagnosis habit of TCM doctors,a tongue color regional attention mechanism is proposed to enhance the feature extraction capability of the network for the tongue color regions such as tip and both sides of the tongue and suppress irrelevant feature channels of other regions.On the other hand,a symmetric modified cross-entropy loss function is designed to optimize the network training,suppressing the impact of noisy labels on the classification performance.Results The classification results on the three self-established tongue color classification datasets show that the accuracy reaches 94.96%,93.36%and 93.92%respectively,the mAP reaches 94.53%,93.05%and 93.38%respectively,the Macro-F1 reaches 94.67%,93.16%and 92.43%respectively.Conclusion The proposed tongue color classification method can significantly improve the classification accuracy with low model complexity,and improve the classification robustness in the case of noisy labels.

Effects of Pogostemon cablin on Serum Metabolomice of Guizhou Miniature Pigs and It's mechanism / 实验动物与比较医学

Objective Based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectormetry (LC-MS/MS), to study the effects of Pogostemon cablin on serum metabolism of Guizhou miniature pigs， and to explore its pharmacological mechanism.MethodsNine healthy Guizhou miniature pigs were divided into two groups, namely Pogostemon cablin drug group (n=5) and control group (n=4). The pigs in Pogostemon cablin drug group were orally fed with traditional Chinese medicine formula granules, each 0.5 g per day, for consecutive 8 days, while those in control group were given normal feeding without additional treatment. After the feeding experiment, serum samples were collected and analyzed using the LC-MS/MS technology. The metabolomics data was annotated and compared with KEGG, HMDB and Lipidmaps databases. Bioinformatics analysis methods including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), intergroup clustering, differential metabolite analysis and functional enrichment were used to screen differential metabolic biomarkers and their possible metabolic pathways.Results Forty-four differential metabolites (P<0.05) were screened out from the 443 metabolites, eight differential metabolites were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01), namely cinnamoylglycine, N-benzyl-N-isopropyl-N'-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]urea, hypotaurine, D-glucose 6-phosphate, cis-2-decenoic acid, 11(Z),14(Z)-eicosadienoic acid, prostaglandin A2 and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid, and three differential metabolites were significantly down-regulated (P<0.01), namely lysophosphatidyl choline 22:5, lysophosphatidic acid 22:6 and lysophosphatidic acid 22:5. The differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (MapID: map00250) and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism (MapID: map00430).Conclusion Pogostemon cablin can significantly affect the metabolism of lysophosphatidic acids in porcine, and relieve the disorder of amino acids metabolism and regulate the occurrence of inflammation by affecting the metabolic pathways of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.