Phytochemical profiling and anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity of Ficus religiosa L. and molecular docking study against iNOS, TNF-α enzyme.

Ficus religiosa L., a member of the Moraceae family, is a medicinal plant having a number of pharmacological properties. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of an ethanolic extract of F. religiosa bark FRE (at 100 and 200mg/kg dosages) and the biomarker component quercetin QC (at 5 and 10mg/kg doses) were investigated. The estimate of quercetin was carried by using an HPTLC analysis of FRE. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative screening for key important phytocomponents was done using dried, ground plant stem barks. By using molecular docking, the molecular interaction profile with several anti-inflammatory drug targets was examined. Both the FRE as well as QC showed a substantial decline in paw volume when compared with the relevant control groups (p<0.01 & p<0.001). Following the administration of acetic acid to mice, the FRE and QC both demonstrate a substantial lengthening of the paw licking or leaping towards Eddy's hot plate as well as a decrease in the number of writhes (p<0.01 & p<0.001). This study supports the use of these herbs in conventional medicine to treat pain and inflammation by through similar mechanism as compound quercetin (QC).

Oral lipid based drug delivery system (LBDDS): formulation, characterization and application: a review.

The major problem in oral drug formulations is low and erratic bioavailability, which mainly results from poor aqueous solubility. This may lead to high inter- and intra subject variability, lack of dose proportionality and therapeutic failure. The improvement of bio-availability of drugs with such properties presents one of the greatest challenges in drug formulations. Oral lipid based formulations are attracting considerable attention due to their capacity to increase the solubility, facilitating gastrointestinal absorption and reduce or eliminate the effect of food on the absorption of poorly water soluble, lipophilic drug and thus increasing the bioavailability. The present review outlines the recent findings on self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS), self-micro/nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS/SNEDDS) and evaluation of these formulations published over the past decade. The application of lipid based formulations as a promising system for the oral delivery of many therapeutic agents including traditional medicine (TM) has also been examined in the current review.