[Influence wheat bran on organism vitamin (experiment on rats)].

The inclusion of wheat bran (at a dose of 2,3 and 4,6% of the dry weight) in the semi-synthetic diet of rats under combined deficiency of vitamins (20 and 50% of the adequate level) did not have a significant effect on vitamins C, B1 and B2 liver levels, riboflavin blood plasma level, and thiamine and riboflavin urinary excretion. The consumption of bran in high dose has been accompanied by a decrease of retinol blood plasma level on 19-28% but it has no effect on liver retinol palmitate content. Bran intake in both doses resulted in a deterioration of rats sufficiency with vitamin E, which had been confirmed by a simultaneous significant decrease of blood plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration on 31-40%, and its liver level on 23-43%. The results obtained indicate the advisability of vitamin E enrichment of diets with a high content of dietary fiber.

[Effect of coenzyme Q10 and taurine on the availability of vitamins in the rat experiment].

It has been observed that coenzyme Q10 (100 mg per 1 kg body mass) and taurine (1% in drinking water) treatment of rats has differently directed effect on vitamin A and E level in liver and blood serum. Coenzyme Q10 consumption has been accompanied with a tendency to increasing or an increase of vitamin content, while taurine consumption lead to the reverse effect. Both coenzyme Q10 and taurine addition caused diene conjugates decrease in blood serum. Supplementary coenzyme Q10 or taurine intake did not influence on rat liver vitamin B1 and B2 content.

[To the 20th anniversary of the Chornobyl accident study of vitamin status and provision with micro- and macroelements of limited groups of people at different time periods since the accident at Chornobyl nuclear power plant].

Results of the study of the provision with vitamins and some micro- and macroelements of limited groups of people, who suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP), which have been carried out by Ukrainian and Russian scientists during various periods after the accident, are generalized in the paper. Persons which participated in liquidation of the accident and lived during the accident in the territory, adjoining to Pripyat (the Kyiv region, town of Slavutich), people which worked at the object "Shelter" and ChNPP were involved in the inspection. It was noted, that in 1-4 years after the ChNPP accident in blood of liquidators the biochemical parameters displaying security of their organism by vitamins A and B1, remain lower in comparison with the same parameters in a group of relatively healthy persons which were not affected by the accident (control), that testifies to stable metabolic disturbance in the organism of people under irradiation influence. Selective inspection of the vitamin status of ChNPP and object "Shelter" personnel in 1992 has shown, that provision with vitamins C, B1, B2, B6 of the overwhelming majority of these people (67-91%) are much below the norm. Deficiency of vitamins C, B1, B6, folate and selenium is also revealed in an organism of 50-90% of women and children living in Slavutich. Deficit of vitamins in most of persons was characterized by polyhypovitaminoses, that is a combination of several group B vitamins deficiency at simultaneously low provision with selenium, and in a part of women and children--by low amount of iron. The results of long-term complex studies by groups of authors give evidence on importance and urgency of formulation and execution of International program on optimisation of nutrition, micronutrition status and health among population of affected areas in Ukraine, Bielorus' and Russia.

[To 20-years anniversary of Chernobyl catastrophe: an attempt to study the vitamin, calcium, iron and selenium status of children and adult population in Slavutich and to correct elicited deficiencies].

The article concisely illustrates the vitamin and mineral state of population of town of Slavutich, including personal of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, children of pre-school age and pregnancy women, studied in 1992. Vitamins and minerals deficiency in the main of C and B vitamins and selenium was revealed in all the studied groups. Appropriate measures were developed and introduced to eliminate the detected dusturbances; but however some unsolved problems remained. Taking into account the forthcoming 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disarter, the authors of the come back to considering the obtained data in hope to atlract attention of medical scientific and public to the remained unsolved problems of micronutrient deficiency.

[Vitamin sufficiency of young basketball players]. / Obespechennost' vitaminami podrostkov-basketbolistov.

The investigation of vitamin sufficiency of young basket-ball players 14-16 years old (17 girls and 14 boys) has been carried out 59-77 per cent of the children had the deficiency of B group vitamins, 24-54 per cent--vitamin E insufficiency, most of them (82-100 per cent)--deficit of carotenoids while they were sufficiently vitamins C and A supplied. The girls were supplied with vitamins better than boys. There was no one adequately supplied with all vitamins among boys while 12 per cent of girls had adequately sufficiency. The girls had deficit of 1-2 vitamins more often whereas the combined insufficiency of 3-4 vitamins took place in 1.8-2.3 fold more frequently among boys. Daily intake of multivitamin containing 10 vitamins in daily recommended doses, lipoic acid, methionin and 9 minerals by boys lead to their blood plasma vitamin C, E, B-2 and beta-carotene level increase. Vitamin C insufficiency disappeared. Deficit of beta-carotene and vitamin B-6 became 1.5 fold rarely, vitamin B-2--2 fold, vitamin E--6 fold. Thus daily intake of recommended doses of vitamins eliminates biochemical signs of vitamin deficiency.

[Vitamins stability in fortified dairy products]. / Sokhrannost' vitaminov v obogashchennykh molochnykh produktakh.

High safety of vitamins during vitaminization of dairy products has been shown. Adding of vitamins before pasteurization or sterilization of milk is guaranting its microbiological purity and doesn't change organoleptic quality of dairy products.

[Effects of biologically active food additives with different contents of vitamins on the vitamin status in humans]. / Vliianie biologicheski aktivnykh dobavok k pishche s razlichnym soderzhaniem vitaminov na vitaminnyi status cheloveka.

The comparative study of influence of two biologically active food additives with the different contents of vitamins is carried out: a drink "Zolotoi Shar", the dose of vitamins in which makes 50-90% from recommended daily consumption, and "Vitabalance 2000", the contents of vitamins in which at 2-17 of time exceeds need of organism. The use of both additives within 3 weeks resulted in increase of levels of vitamins C, A, E, B2, B6 and carotenoids in blood serum. However if in case of consumption of a drink an authentic level was reached only for vitamin C and beta-carotene, in a case "Vitabalance 2000" for all investigated vitamins except vitamin A. Thus, if the consumption of a drink has lowered frequency of deficiency of 3-4 vitamins, but has not allowed to liquidate it completely, in case of "Vitabalance 2000" consumption the simultaneous deficiency 3-4 vitamins. The received data allow to believe the biologically active food additives containing vitamins in amounts exceeding recommended consumption, are convenient for fast liquidation of hypovitaminoses, and the preparations containing vitamins in doses making 30-50% from need of organism, are acceptable for daily filling of insufficient consumption of vitamins with a usual diet for a long time.

[Vitamin status of the population from regions suffering from the accident at the Chernobyl power plant, and its correction with multivitamins "Duovit" and "Undevit" and multivitamin premix 730/4 of the firm "Roche"]. / Vitaminnaia obespechennost' naseleniia regionov, postradavshikh ot avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES, i ee korrektsiia polivitaminnymi preparatami "Duovit", "Undevit", i polivitaminnym premiksom 730/4 firmy "Rosh".

There was no differences of principle in vitamin status of population living in 'zones of strict control' (Brjanskaja, Mogilevskaja, Gomel'skaja regions) and Moscow's population. Mean indices of vitamin C, A, E, B1 and carotene status in children and adults were not differed in two groups of population. But vitamin B2 and niacin status in Moscow's adults were worse. Among children from Moscow vitamin C deficiency was found more rare and vitamin E deficiency more often than those in population from regions suffering from Chernobyl. It was established that supplement of third dishes with vitamin C is not sufficient for elimination of vitamin C deficiency. Polyvitamin pills 'Duovit' or premix 'Roche' were more effective in removal vitamin deficiency.

[Study of immunomodulating properties of beta-carotene in patients]. / Izuchenie immunomoduliruiushchikh svoistv beta-karotina v klinike.

It was shown that in patients with hypertension, duodenal and gastric ulcers and erosive gastritis leukopenia and lymphopenia are seen. At the same time contents of T- and B-lymphocytes are decreased and contents of C- lymphocytes are increased in circulation blood. Peroral daily intake of 20 mg of beta-carotene during 3-4 weeks caused increasing the contents of B- and T-cells and decreasing contents of C-lymphocytes in blood of patients.

[Effectiveness of the use of vitamin-enriched food premixes in the nutrition of children with insulin-dependent diabetes]. / Effektivnost' izpol'zovaniia obogashchennykh vitaminnymi premiksami gotovykh bliud v pitanii detei, bol'nykh insulinzhavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Vitamin-deficient children suffering from diabetes mellitus received milk dishes and drinks enriched with vitamin-rich premixes produced in Austria (Roche) for 2 weeks. The diet efficacy was evaluated by the values of thiamine, riboflavin, 4-pyridoxic acid, 1-methylnicotinamide and xanthurenic acid urinary excretion, blood levels of free and total riboflavin, nicotinamide and pyridoxic coenzymes, transketolase activity measured before and after the diet treatment. The latter resulted in a marked improvement in the levels of vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP and C, prevented the spring fall in vitamin supply. In view of incomplete normalization of the children's vitamin status after the two-week diet it is recommended to use the vitamin-enriched food and drinks for longer time or under a continuous regimen.

[Phosphorus-calcium metabolism in patients with malabsorption syndrome on diets with various ratios of calcium and phosphorus]. / Sostoianie fosforno-kal'tsievogo obmena u bol'nykh s sindromom narushennogo vsasyvaniia pri razlichnom sootnoshenii kal'tsiia i fosfora v ratsione.

Phosphorus-calcium metabolism was studied in 74 patients with malabsorption syndrome that had developed as a result of chronic enteritis or after resection of the small intestine. The results of the treatment of 21 patients who received diets with Ca/P ratio--1:1.5 (bread enriched with Ca was included into the ration) have shown that dietotherapy led to the correction of the initial hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.

[Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of vitamin-enriched chopped meat products]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka éffektivnosti vitaminizirovannykh miasnykh rublenykh izdelii.

The ration devoid of vitamins B1 and B2 and niacin, given to growing rats during 4-10 weeks led to growth cessation, a decrease in body mass and the development of vitamin deficiency that was expressed in a drastic lowering of red blood cell transketolase activity, and to increased effects of TDF and FAD. Inclusion into the animals' ration of cutlets enriched with vitamins B1, B2, C and niacin completely normalized their growth and biochemical parameters of their providing with vitamins B1 and B2. Routine cutlets were less effective. The feeding of rats with vitamin-enriched cutlets during 10 weeks did not induce any histological or histochemical disorders in their internal organs.

[Effect of phosphorus intake on calcium homeostasis and bone tissue status in rats receiving hydrocortisone]. / Vliianie razlichnogo potrebleniia fosfora na gomeostaz kal'tsiia i sostoianie kostnoi tkani u krys, poluchaiushchikh gidrokortizon.

The increase of phosphorus content up to 1.2-1.8% in the diet (the calcium/phosphorus ratio 1:2 or 1:3) accelerates the development and raises the rate of hypocalcemia and osteoporosis in rats administered pharmacological doses of hydrocortisone (3.5 mg per 100 g bw a day for 2 or 4 weeks). The decrease of phosphorus content to 0.3% (calcium-phosphorus 1:0.5) essentially retards the development of these disturbances and reduces their severity, which points to the advisability of clinical trials of the diet with phosphorus limitation as means of the prophylaxis of calcium homeostasis and bone alterations during long-term administration of glucocorticoids and in endogenous hypercorticoidism.

[Effect of vitamin D3 and its metabolites 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on callus mineralization in rats with femoral fracture]. / Vliianie vitamina D3 i ego metabolitov--1,25-dioksikholekal'tsiferola i 24,25-dioksikholekal'tsiferola--na mineralizatsiiu kostnoi mozoli u krys s perelomom bedra.

Additional administration of vitamin D3 at a physiological dose of 0.25 microgram daily into rats with femur fracture within 4 weeks did not affect the specific weight and chemical composition (content of Ca2+, P) in diaphyses of intact and impaired femurs as well as the content of Ca2+. Pi and activity of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum of the animals. At a higher dose 2.5 microgram daily vitamin D3 increased concentration of Pi in blood serum but did not alter the other parameters studied. Physiological doses of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1.25 (OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25 (OH)2D3) (00.3 microgram and 0.25 microgram daily, respectively) did not affect the specific weight and composition of the impaired diaphyses, content of Ca2+ and activity of alkaline phosphatase in blood but increased slightly the Pi concentration. After a 5-fold increase in the dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.15 microgram daily) specific weight and content of Ca2+ were decreased in the impaired bones with simultaneous increase in concentration of Ca2+, Pi and activity of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum. These data suggest that reparation was impaired under the conditions of acceleration of the bone tissue resorption. Increased doses of 24, 25(OH)2D3 (1.25 micrograms daily) stimulated the increase in specific weight and mineralization of the impaired bones and normalized the increased alkaline phosphatase activity in blood serum. Clinical examination of 24,25(OH)2D3 could be recommended as a drug stimulating the reparation under conditions of bone fracture.

[Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol and of a varying phosphorus requirement on mineral metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency]. / Vliianie 1 al'fa-oksikholekal'tsiferola i razlichnogo potrebleniia fosfora na mineral'nyi obmen pri khronichskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

Experimental chronic kidney insufficiency caused in rats the impairments of phosphoerus-calcium turnover (hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia), osteoporotic alterations in bones (decreas in specific gravity, in content of Ca, P and hydroxyproline) as well as calcinosis of internal tissues, particularly in the impaired kidney tissue. Decrease in phosphorus content of food down to 0.3% inhibited distinctly the development of these impairments and modulated their severity, lowering mortality of the animals with chronic kidney insufficienty. Administration of physiologic doses (0.025 mg) of 1 alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3/(1 alpha OHD3) which is a synthetic analogue of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (hormonal form of vitamin D synthesized in kidney) into rats with chronic kidney insufficiency (with limited content of phosphorus in the food) did not exhibit any additional curative effect on the patterns of bone metabolism studied; in this case calcinosis was slightly increased and mortality of the animals also increased. After administration of 1 alpha OHD3 into rats with chronic kidney insufficiency, maintained on food containing 1.2% of phosphorus, impairments in phosphorus-calcium turnover were distinctly increased. Osteoporosis and calcinosis were elevated in the impared kidney; this led to death of all the animals within first 2 months of the experiments.

[Bone tissue collagen and vitamin D in chronic kidney insufficiency in rats]. / Kollagen kostnoi tkani i vitamin D pri khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti u krys.

Chronic kidney insufficiency, caused by subtotal nephrectomy, did not lead to distinct alterations in hydroxyproline concentration in blood and to its excretion in rats within 1-1.5 months after the operation. Content of salt-soluble collagen was decreased in diaphyses of rat tubular bones in chronic kidney insufficiency; in the epiphyses (with metaphyses) content of the collagen fraction was increased, but the concentration of non-soluble collagen was unaltered. Decrease in content of salt-soluble collagen in diaphyses in chronic kidney insufficiency was similar to that in experimental vitamin D deficiency. The decrease might be due to impairment in formation of the active form of vitamin D-1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Other pathogenetic factors (effect of uremic toxins and stress) were apparently of primary importance for development of impairments of collagen metabolism in epiphyses. Dihydrotachysterol, the structural analogue of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, normalized the alterations in content of salt-soluble collagen in diaphyses and did not affect the impairments of collagen metabolism in epiphyses of rat bones in chronic kidney insufficiency.