[Infectious factor in transuretral surgery of benign prostate hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis].

PURPOSE: To assess postoperative bacteriuria and infectious complications in terms of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) regimens, preoperative urine bacterial status and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) undergoing transurethral prostate surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar and the Cochrane bibliographic databases were searched from 1992 to 2022. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and inverse variance method was used to calculate mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Primary outcome was the development of asymptomatic bacteriuria, secondary - development of infectious complications. RESULTS: This meta-analysis showed that ABP significantly decreased level of postoperative bacteriuria and infection complications. This meta-analysis was in favour of prolonged ABP ( more or equal 3 days) in lowering postoperative infectious complications rate compared to short regimens ( less or equal 24 hours). Preoperative bacteriuria was not significantly associated with postoperative bacteriuria level and infectious complications. Mean preoperative PSA level significantly differed in patients with and without postoperative bacteriuria. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated significant gaps in the knowledge of perioperative bacterial status and antibiotic prophylaxis strategies efficacy in the group of patients undergoing transurethral prostate surgery. There is no consensus on optimal ABP regimen. Most of included studies had significant heterogeneity. Further studies are required.

[Oral nutrition supplements: applied classification of formulas and basic rules of their prescribing in oncology].

The analysis of current data concerning the use of oral nutrition supplements (ONS) in cancer patients has been performed. The aim of the research is improving the effectiveness of medical nutrition in cancer patients by clarifying terms, definitions, developing an applied classification of ONS formulas and outlining the basic approaches for their use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the keywords «cancer¼, «oral nutritional supplements¼, and «siping¼, the literature was searched in such databases as eLIBRARY (elibrary.ru) and MEDLINE (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) in Russian and English. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The definition of this type of nutritional support has been given. The applied classification of ONS formulas has been made. Depending on the energy and protein content, presence of some specific nutrients, osmolarity, nitrogen/non-protein kilocalories ratio and viscosity, they were divided into 3 groups. For the initial assessment of nutritional status of the cancer patient, the European society for medical oncology scale (ESMO, 2008) is the most appropriate. Emphasis is placed on the importance of maintaining physical activity. CONCLUSION: An approximate algorithm of ONS prescribing in oncology has been formulated.

Toxicogenomic Effects in Rat Blood Leukocytes and Chemoprophylaxis of Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis.

Toxicogenomic parameters were studied in the blood of female rats after exposure to ionizing γ-radiation in a dose of 4 Gy and chemoprophylaxis with α-difluoromethylornithine, eleutherococcus or leuzea extracts, which were used in animals with morphological manifestations of tumor growth under conditions of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Life-time evaluation of toxicogenomic effects was carried out by express method for measurements of blood nucleotid DNA - fluorescent indication. The level of hyperaneu/polyploidy increased in the blood leukocytes of control rats 30 days after radiation exposure. A significant decrease of genotoxicity as a result of drug treatment in comparison with the number and multiplicity of tumors in irradiated animals was found only in the endocrine and reproductive organs of rats treated by eleutherococcus extract.

[Tocolysis with nifedipin; its use in current practice].

AIM: The aim of the study is to establish the safety and efficacy of calcium channel blocker- Nifedipin as tocolytic agents. A wide range of tocolytics have been utilized for the management of preterm labor Calcium channel blockers, namely nifedipine, gained popularity as tocolytics due to the oral route of administration, availability of immediate- and slow-release preparations, the low incidence of maternal adverse effects associated with their use, and the fact that they are inexpensive. METHODS: 88 pregnant women in preterm labor participated in a prospective longitudinal study Inclusion criteria were: gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks gestation; uterine contractions in 10-15 min interval; single pregnancy, lack of contraindications for tocolysis. In all cases the calcium antagonist Nifedipine was used in dosage 4 x 10 mg per os. The clinical response to tocolysis, gestational age at delivery and potential side effects were analyzed. RESULTS: 91 pregnant women participated in the study. Three were excluded because they refused to participate. 88 pregnancies were finally analyzed. In nine of them maternal contractions persisted despite of treatment. The other 79 pregnancies were delayed 48 hours to receive antenatal corticosteroids. From all these 79 pregancies 66 delayed 7 days. The most common adverse effects were tachycardia, hypotonia, headache, dizziness, but they escape soon after the first dose. CONCLUSION: Nifedipine is an effective oral tocolytic with few maternal side effects.

Epiphytic fruticose lichens as biomonitors for retrospective evaluation of the (134)Cs/(137)Cs ratio in Fukushima fallout.

In 2011-2013, sampling of epiphytic fruticose lichens of the genera Usnea, Bryoria and Alectoria was carried out on Sakhalin and Kuril Islands (the Sakhalin region, Russia) to investigate contamination of these organisms with the Fukushima-derived (134)Cs and (137)Cs. Activities of the radionuclides were determined in all 56 samples of lichens taken for the analysis. After correction for radioactive decay (on 15 March 2011), the activity concentrations ranged from 2.1 Bq kg(-1) (d.w.) to 52 Bq kg(-1) for (134)Cs and from 2.3 Bq kg(-1) to 52 Bq kg(-1) for (137)Cs. Cesium-134 and (137)Cs activities for the whole set of lichens (n = 56) were strongly positively correlated; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.991 (P < 0.01). The activity concentrations of (134)Cs and (137)Cs in Usnea lichens from the Sakhalin and Kunashir islands declined with a factor of three in the period from 2011 to 2013. The average biological half-time for both cesium radionuclides in lichens of the genus Usnea is estimated as 1.3 y. The mean of 0.99 ± 0.10 and median of 0.99 were calculated for the decay corrected (134)Cs/(137)Cs activities ratios in the lichens (n = 56). The radionuclides ratio in the lichens did not depend on location of sampling site, species and the time that had passed after the Fukushima accident. The regression analysis has shown the background pre-Fukushima level of (137)Cs of 0.4 ± 0.3 Bq kg(-1), whereas the ratio between the Fukushima-borne (134)Cs and (137)Cs in the lichens was estimated as 1.04. The (134)Cs/(137)Cs activities ratio in lichens from the Sakhalin region is consistent with the ratios reported by others for the heavy contaminated areas on Honshu Island in Japan following the Fukushima accident. The activity concentrations of natural (7)Be in lichens from the Sakhalin region varied between 100 Bq kg(-1) and 600 Bq kg(-1); the activity concentrations did not exhibit temporal variations during a 2y-period of observations. The applicability of epiphytic fruticose lichens as retrospective bio-monitors for the air-borne radiocesium contamination of the environment is discussed.

[Cystostop helps the obstetrician].

Urinary infections are one of the most common infectious diseases. It affects mostly women. The disease become really important during pregnancy because of possible complications for pregnant woman and newborn. Cystostop is a drug that relieves symptoms of urinary infections in acute and chronic phase.

[Comparative effects of difluoromethylornithine and tincture of Siberian ginseng root on radiation carcinogenesis and life span in rats].

Influence of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and tincture of Siberian ginseng root (TSGR) on radiation carcinogenesis and life span in rats has been studied. The results of the study demonstrate that DFMO as well as TSGR significantly improved survival and decreased incidence and multiplicity of malignant and benign tumors in rats subjected to ionizing radiation. Beneficial effect on the rat survival rate and anticarcinogenic action of DFMO were more expressed compared with TSGR.

[Inhibitory effect of bioginseng on radiation-induced carcinogenesis in rats].

Influence of bioginseng (biotechnological pharmaceutical drug from ginseng radix culture) on radiation-induced carcinogenesis has been studied. LIO female rats were divided into 3 groups. Rats of the first group (n=25) were used as intact control and weren't exposed to any influence. Rats of the second (n=50) and third (n=50) groups were exposed to single total body gamma-irradiation at a dose of 4 Gy. Animals of the 2nd group weren't exposed to any influence after irradiation, while animals of the 3rd group were given bioginseng with tap water (20 ml/l) until the end of study (438 days). In the control group 22,7% of animals developed tumors. In the 2nd group (irradiated control) 70% of animals were bearing multiple tumors one third of which were malignant. Mammary gland tumors were most frequent. Compared to the 2nd group the 3rd group receiving irradiation and bioginseng demonstrated the decrease in tumor incidence by 24.5% and 2,4 rate of decrease in tumors number. For the malign tumors was observed the decrease by 26.8% and 2,9 times, accordingly. For the mammary tumors the decrease was by 23.0% and 2,0 times, for mammary adenocarcinomas by 23.4% and 3,5 times, accordingly. The incidence and number of endocrine and reproductive organs tumors was 20,9% and 5,6 times, accordingly. Therefore, bioginseng effectively inhibits carcinogenesis induced by ionizing radiation in female rats.

[Effect of additional administration of iron ions on the efficacy of radiotherapy of glioma-bearing animals].

Our analysis failed to establish any antitumor effect of treatment of rats with transplantable glioma-35 with iron-containing mineral drinking water (ICMW). The latter treatment combined with irradiation (15 Gy) was followed by enhanced genotoxic effect in white blood cells. Post-irradiation administration of ICMW did not influence glioma growth significantly as compared with radiation alone. Pre- and post-iradiation drinking of ICMW resulted in marked leukopenia 24 hrs after exposure as well as to significant decrease in tumor size (20-40 days after of experiment) as compared with control.

[Neorenal SR--a new approach in treatment of cystitis during pregnancy].

Cystitis affect many of the pregnant women and are associated with pyelonephritis and preterm labor. Adequate antimicrobial therapy combined with no antibiotics like Neorenal SR could prevent most of these serious complications. Fifty-six pregnant patients, suffering from cystitis were followed up and a group of them treated with this combination in a prospective study.

[Modern medico-biological nutritional requirements for pregnant women].

This review describes the basic physiological requirements, expert opinions and medico-biological recommendations for the optimal nutritional regime of pregnant women. In the first trimester of pregnancy the nutritional intake should be supplemented by about +68 kcal/24 h (the normal intake is 2000 kcal/24 h for non-pregnant women in the respective age group). In the second trimester the supplementation should be by +266 kcal/24 h, while in the III trimester--by up to +496 kcal/24 h. The requirements of folic acid and vitamin B6 during pregnancy are increased by 50%. The need for vitamin A is augmented up to 60%, while for vitamin C, niacin, vitamin B2 and B12--up to 30%. However, the requirements of iron and iodine are increased at most--100%. The weight gain in pregnant women should normally be in the range of 10-12.5 kg. During the I and II trimester it should be not substantial, while in the III trimester it should be about 350-400 g/per week. The risks associated with obesity and uncontrolled weight gain during pregnancy are discussed. Consulting physicians are provided with expert opinions about the individualization of the nutritional intake according to the specific metabolic changes during pregnancy and with definitions of an adequate in energy supply and nutritional balance diet.

[Treatment of preterm delivery with calcium channel blockers--Nifedipine].

AIM: To assess the feasibility of the calcium antagonist Nifedipine as an oral tocolytic for the treatment of preterm labor. METHODS: Thirty-seven pregnant women in preterm labor participated in a prospective longitudinal study. Inclusion criteria were: gestational age between 24 and 32 weeks gestation; uterine contractions in 30 min interval; lack of cervical dilatation and lack of contraindications for tocolysis. In all cases the calcium antagonist Nifedipine was used in dosage 4 x 10 mg per os. The clinical response to tocolysis, gestational age at delivery and potential side effects were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-one pregnant women participated in the study. Two were lost for follow up and another two cases were excluded because myoma uteri was diagnosed. Thirty-seven pregnancies were finally analyzed. In five of them maternal contractions persisted despite of treatment which necessitated parenteral tocolysis. In two of these five cases the pregnancy was terminated (1--spontalneous abortion in 26 w.g., 1--preterm delivery at 32 w.g.). The other 32 pregnancies were delivered at term without any side effects attributed the treatment. CONCLUSION: Nifedipine is an effective oral tocolytic and a rational alternative to other tocolytic agents in the management of preterm labour.

[Selenium and glutathion peroxidase enzyme levels in diabetic patients with early spontaneous abortions].

UNLABELLED: The incidence of spontaneous abortions in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus varies between 10-30%. The etiology of this is still unclear despite numerous experimental studies. Pregnancy is a condition of increased oxidative stress due to impaired balance between pro- and antioxidants. Glutathion and related enzymes perform the best antioxidant protection. Some authors point to a possible correlation between spontaneous abortions and low plasma Se levels as well as low intracellular activity of glutathion peroxidase enzyme. Others report that Hb A1-c, values over 1SD above normal increase the risk of spontaneous abortions with 3% and Hb A1-C values between 10-12% are critically high for the occurrence of spontaneous abortions. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the levels of Se and glutathion peroxidase enzyme (Gl-Px) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the first trimester of pregnancy and to find out is there a correlation between glycemic control of diabetes and the incidence of spontaneous abortions. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: 75 pregnant women enrolled in an- 1 year prospective study divided in 3 groups according to pregnancy outcome: gr. 1 - n = 30 with type diabetes mellitus, no abortions, gr.2 - n = 16 with type diabetes mellitus with first trimester spontaneous abortion and gr. 3 - n = 29 healthy pregnant women. Women with type 1 diabetes mellitus were divided into three subgr. according to glycemic control - subgr. 1 - n = 12 (Hb A1-c < 7%), subgr.2 - n = 18 (Hb A1-c > 7< 8%), subgr.3 - n = 16 (Hb A1-c > 8%). Gl-Px activity was determined in Er hemolisate with test reagents of Randox Ransel, with ref.values 27.5 - 73 U/g Hb. Selen concentration was determined in whole blood sample by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with ref. values 0.12-1.1 micromol/l. HbA 1-C was measured by affinity chromatography with ref. values 4.5-6.3%. Statistical methods used were: dispersion, correlation analysis - SPSS package version 11.01.01. RESULTS: Basic Se levels were low in all pregnant women in early pregnancy. The metabolic control level did not influence the levels of Se in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus type1. Gl -Px activity was within the normal limits in all women. There was no correlation between Se levels and Gl -Px activity in pregnant diabetics with and without abortions. There was a correlation between Se levels and Gl -Px activity only in healthy pregnant women. Pregnant women with poor glycemic control had higher incidence of spontaneous abortions. CONCLUSIONS: We could not support the hypothesis of reduced antioxidant protection (low Se and Gl-Px levels) as a causative factor in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortions in diabetic patients. Our study results showed that poor metabolic control of diabetes (high Hb A1-c) in the first trimester of pregnancy had a primary role in the occurrence of early abortions. We could speculate that the early hyperglycemic maternal-fetal environment most probably plays a role of an additional stress to the developing embryo.

[Thermoradiotherapy as a component of desmoid tumor management: 10-year experience].

Data on radio- and thermoradiotherapy of 83 patients with extra-abdominal desmoid tumors are discussed. In a group of 57 patients followed up for 10 years or less, the relapse-free survival rates, in thermoradiotherapy-treated cases, were significantly higher (74.4% and 28.6%) than in those receiving radiotherapy (9.3% and 57.1%). Monitoring tumor temperature during local hyperthermia is a factor of relapse-free survival of vital importance.

[Thermoradiochemotherapy of inoperable soft-tissue sarcoma].

Three groups of patients with inoperable soft-tissue sarcoma received preoperative radiotherapy (57), thermoradiotherapy (102) and thermoradiochemotherapy (16) (n=175). Five year recurrence-free survival in group 1 was 37+/-7%, group 2 48+/-6%, and group 3 - 56+/-1,7%. Patients survived 5 years and more in group 3 (60+/-2%), group 2 - 50+/-7%, and group I 44+/-8% (p>0.05). Local hyperthermia used in conjunction with radio- and chemoradiotherapy was followed by a significant rise in the rate of complete and partial tumor regression.

[Range of combined treatment of locally advanced skin cancer].

Due to combined use of surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy, 58.8% of patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma survived for 5 years. More organ-saving operations could be performed as a result of administering cisplatin, bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in conjunction with radiation and subsequent surgery. Greater extent of tumor excision and microsurgery involved lower incidence of relapse. Yet, the preliminary results of our combined treatment pointed to relatively high frequency of objective response matched by lower incidence of relapse which calls for further investigation.

[Glucooxidative stress and spontaneous abortion in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus type 1].

UNLABELLED: The pregnancies in women with Diabetes mellitus are in condition of increased glucooxidative stress, which could be toxic for the developing embryo. END-POINTS: To evaluate the levels of selenium and glutation peroxidase in pregnant women with Diabetes mellitus type 1 in the first trimester of pregnancy and to establish whether there is a correlation between the diabetic glycemic control and occurrence of spontaneous abortions. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 75 women for 1 year period. he pregnant women were divided in 3 groups as follows: 1st group--30 pregnant women with Diabetes mellitus type 1 with normal outcome; 2nd group--16 pregnant women with Diabetes mellitus type 1 with spontaneous abortion; 3rd group--29 healthy pregnant controls. The activity of GI-Px in red blood cells was measured in hemolysat of EDTA plasma in Germany. The levels of glucosylated haemoglobin were also evaluated. RESULTS: 1. In all pregnant women the levels of selenium were lower without significant difference between them 1st group--0.12 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, 2ndd group 0.13 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, 3rd group 0.13 +/- 0.7 mmol/l (P > 0.05). 2. There is an increase in the activity of GI-Px, which is statistically significant in the healthy pregnant women 47.8 +/- 13.3 U/g Hb and diabetic pregnant women with normal outcome 48. 6 +/- 8.4 U/g Hb. There is no statistically significant difference in the activity of GI-Px in diabetic pregnant women with spontaneous abortions and the healthy controls (P > 0. 05). 3. Negative correlation between the levels of selenium and the activity of GI-Px was proved in healthy pregnant women (r = - 0.4; P < 0.05). No correlation was found between the level of the selenium and the activity of GI-Px into the two groups of diabetic pregnant women. 4. There is a correlation in the levels of diabetic pregnant women with spontaneous abortions (r = -0.38; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The increased activity of GI-Px in diabetic pregnant women with spontaneous abortions is a result of increased antioxidative defense of the cell. Probably the ineffective antioxidant defense, leading to a spontaneous abortion is due to the low levels of selenium and high level of pre-prandial glycaemia.