Determination of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and anticancer activity of Chrozophora tinctoria accessions collected from different regions of Iran.

The present study was conducted to determine the total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanin, and carotenoids as well as the antioxidant activity of 10 different Crozophora tinctoria accessions originated from Iran. The highest contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanin, and carotenoids were detected in C.t (2), C.t (10), C.t (10), C.t (9), and C.t (3) accessions, respectively. The highest antioxidant activities of the samples, evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and phosphomolibdate assays, were detected in C.t (8) and C.t (3), respectively. The highest phenyl aminolyase activity was observed in C.t (4). Ten phenolic compounds, including quercetin, catechin, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, hesperetin, eugenol, hesperidin, carvacrol, thymol, and kaempferol were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The best anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines was observed at C.t (8) accession, originated from Qazvin Region. This study confirmed that the C. tinctoria accessions with rich phenolics compounds may be recommended as a novel source of natural antioxidants for future aims in medicinal fields. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to this findings there was high variation among phenolics compounds of C. tinctoria which is revealed by HPLC analysis. This study identified phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity in Iranian accessions of C. tinctoria. With an increase in the rate of cancer disease, superior accessions of C. tinctoria may be recommended as a novel source of natural antioxidants for ethno pharmacological aims as cancer therapy, and also in nutraceutical fields.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Curtis extract and evaluation of its antibacterial activity.

The metal nanoparticles, due to interesting features such as electrical, optical, chemical and magnetic properties, have been investigated repeatedly. Also, the mentioned nanoparticles have specific uses in terms of their antibacterial activity. The biosynthesis method is more appropriate than the chemical method for producing the nanoparticles because it does not need any special facilities; it is also economically affordable. In the current study, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by using a very simple and low-cost method via Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Curtis plant extract. The characteristics of the AgNPs were investigated using techniques including: X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The SEM and TEM images showed that the nanoparticles had a spherical shape, and the mean diameter of them was 53.7 and 45 nm, respectively. The results of the disc diffusion test used for measuring the anti-bacterial activity of the synthesised nanoparticles indicated that the formed nanoparticles possessed a suitable anti-bacterial activity.

Combined effects of dietary low molecular weight sodium alginate and Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M on growth performance, haematological and innate immune responses of Asian sea bass (Lates calcalifer) juveniles.

Six weeks feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary administration of low molecular weight sodium alginate (LMWSA) and Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18/5M (PA) on humoral and mucosal immune responses, haematological parameters and growth performance, of Lates calcarifer juveniles. Fish (12.0 ±â€¯0.2 g) were fed experimental diets as follows: Control (diet 1, basal diet), 5 g kg-1 LMWSA (diet 2), 10 g kg-1 LMWSA (diet 3), 0.9 × 107 CFU g-1 PA (diet 4), 5 g kg-1 LMWSA + 0.9 × 107 CFU g-1 PA (Diet 5), and 10 g kg-1 LMWSA + 0.9 × 107 CFU g-1 PA (Diet 6). Results indicated a significant (P < 0.05) increase in innate immune parameters including serum lysozyme, bactericidal, hemolytic and respiratory burst activities as well as mucosal immune responses including lysozyme and bactericidal activities, when diet was supplemented with immunostimulants. Moreover, the combined effects of LMWSA with PA resulted in more pronounced immunological responses compared to the control and singular administration. Red and white blood cell counts significantly increased with either singular or combined administration of LMWSA and PA compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The singular administration of PA and combined supplementation of 5 g kg-1 LMWSA with PA significantly increased growth performance and feed intake compared with other experimental groups (P < 0.05). These results indicated that combined administration of LMWSA and PA can be considered as beneficial feed additive and immunostimulant in L. calcarifer juveniles.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the Arial part of Dorema ammoniacum D. extract by antimicrobial analysis.

Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesised by using the Arial part extract of Dorema ammoniacum D. and characterised by employing UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were applied to investigate the morphological structure of the bio-synthesised SNPs. The antimicrobial activity of SNPs was studied against Gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria by employing the disk diffusion agar process. An extremely antimicrobial effect was observed for SNPs. Utilising D. ammoniacum D. as a mediator for the synthesis of SNPs helped to save time and cost.

Biocompatible biodegradable polycaprolactone/basil seed mucilage scaffold for cell culture.

In this study, a polymer obtained from the basil seed mucilage (BSM) in combination with polycaprolactone (PCL), was used in the 2D scaffold production process for cell culture. First, combinations of two polymers with different ratios and concentrations were prepared and electrospun. Among these samples, a sample with a BSM/PCL ratio of 2/3 was used to perform different tests due to its fibre uniformity and appropriate diameter. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer test was carried out to chemically analyse the scaffold, the X-ray diffraction test to determine the crystallinity of the scaffold, and the contact angle test to determine the hydrophilicity of the scaffold. The strength, porosity, and degradation percentage of the scaffold were also studied. With appropriate conditions of the scaffold for cell culture determined, Vero epithelial cells were cultured on the scaffold. Results obtained from cell culture indicated that the adhesion of the scaffold was suitable for the appropriate growth cells.