RESUMEN
Database URL: https://solgenomics.net/tools/solcyc/.
Asunto(s)
Bases de Datos de Ácidos Nucleicos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Genoma de Planta , Redes y Vías Metabólicas , Nicotiana , Solanum , Curaduría de Datos , Solanum/genética , Solanum/metabolismo , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Preliminary studies show that device assisted intravesical therapies appear more effective than passive diffusion intravesical therapy for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in specific settings, and phase III studies are now being conducted. Consequently, we have undertaken a non-systematic review with the objective of describing the scientific basis and mechanisms of action of electromotive drug administration (EMDA) and chemohyperthermia (CHT). METHODS: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane Library were searched to source evidence for this non-systematic review. Randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were evaluated. Publications regarding the scientific basis and mechanisms of action of EMDA and CHT were identified, as well as clinical studies to date. RESULTS: EMDA takes advantage of three phenomena: iontophoresis, electro-osmosis and electroporation. It has been found to reduce recurrence rates in NMIBC patients and has been proposed as an addition or alternative to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in the treatment of high risk NMIBC. CHT improves the efficacy of mitomycin C by three mechanisms: tumour cell cytotoxicity, altered tumour blood flow and localised immune responses. Fewer studies have been conducted with CHT than with EMDA but they have demonstrated utility for increasing disease-free survival, especially in patients who have previously failed BCG therapy. CONCLUSIONS: It is anticipated that EMDA and CHT will play important roles in the management of NMIBC in the future. Techniques of delivery should be standardised, and there is a need for more randomised controlled trials to evaluate the benefits of the treatments alongside quality of life and cost-effectiveness.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Electroquimioterapia/métodos , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/terapia , Administración Intravesical , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
The allotetraploid plant Nicotiana tabacum (common tobacco) is a major crop species and a model organism, for which only very fragmented genomic sequences are currently available. Here we report high-quality draft genomes for three main tobacco varieties. These genomes show both the low divergence of tobacco from its ancestors and microsynteny with other Solanaceae species. We identify over 90,000 gene models and determine the ancestral origin of tobacco mosaic virus and potyvirus disease resistance in tobacco. We anticipate that the draft genomes will strengthen the use of N. tabacum as a versatile model organism for functional genomics and biotechnology applications.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Nicotiana/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Secuencia de Bases , ADN de Plantas/genética , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/inmunología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Ligamiento Genético , Genoma de Planta , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Potyvirus/patogenicidad , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Nicotiana/clasificación , Virus del Mosaico del Tabaco/patogenicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The management of locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial with poor local control with radiotherapy alone. Synchronous chemotherapy regimens have yielded encouraging results in other primary sites. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with T2-T4a N0/NX M0 bladder cancer were entered into this single centre phase I-II study. Patients received radiotherapy to 55 Gy in 20 fractions over four weeks. Concurrent chemotherapy was given with Mitomycin C 12 mg/m2 day 1 and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2/24 hours weeks one and four of radiotherapy for five or seven days on each occasion. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients entered the trial from March 1998 to December 1999 (22: 5-day; 9: 7-day schedule). Median age was 68 (range 58-79) years, 23 males and 8 females. T2: 9 (29%); T3a: 4 (12%); T3b: 9 (29%); T4: 9 (29%); TCC grade 2: 8 (26%) and grade 3: 23 (74%); 14 of 31 had hydronephrosis. Ten of thirty-one had a GFR < 50 ml/min. Toxicity was mild to moderate with the five-day schedule. More severe toxicity was seen with the seven-day schedule: five of nine patients failed to complete planned therapy. Pathological complete response rate at three months was 74% (5-day regimen) and 50% (7-day regimen). Overall 12-month survival was 65%. CONCLUSION: Chemoradiotherapy with the five-day schedule is feasible with acceptable toxicity in poor prognosis patients. A randomised trial is being launched.