RESUMEN
Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. (CA), which is widely used in traditional medicine, reportedly exerts antitumor, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of CA in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered treatments for 3 days by oral gavage. On day 3, the mice were instilled intranasally with LPS or PBS followed 3 h later by oral CA (30 mg/kg) or vehicle administration. In vitro, CA decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. CA also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2. In vivo, CA administration significantly reduced inflammatory cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-1ß, as well as reactive oxygen species production in the BALF. CA also effectively reduced airway inflammation in mouse lung tissue of an LPS-induced ALI mouse model, in addition to decreasing inhibitor κB (IκB) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation. Taken together, the findings demonstrated that CA inhibited inflammatory responses in a mouse model of LPS-induced ALI and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, CA is a potential candidate for development as an adjunctive treatment for inflammatory disorders, such as ALI.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Clausena/química , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/inmunología , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/patología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Citocinas/inmunología , Dinoprostona/inmunología , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/patología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Extractos Vegetales/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Thuja orientalis (TO) may be used as a herbal remedy for the treatment of numerous inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the effects of TO were evaluated on airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)induced allergic asthma and RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. The effects of TO on the production of proinflammatory mediators, were determined in RAW264.7 cells that had been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, an in vivo experiment was performed on mice that were sensitized to OVA and then received an OVA airway challenge. TO was administered by daily oral gavage at a dose of 30 mg/kg, 2123 days after the initial OVA sensitization. TO was shown to reduce nitric oxide production and reduce the relative mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)6, cyclooxygenase2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, and tumor necrosis factorα in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. In addition, TO markedly decreased the inflammatory cell counts in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, reduced the levels of IL4, IL5, IL13, eotaxin and immunoglobulin E, and reduced airway hyperresponsivenes, in the OVA sensitized mice. Furthermore, TO attenuated airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, induced by the OVA challenge of the lung tissue. TO also reduced the expression of iNOS and MMP9 in lung tissue. In conclusion, TO exerted antiinflammatory effects in an OVAinduced allergic asthma model, and in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that TO may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including allergic asthma.
Asunto(s)
Antiasmáticos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Thuja/química , Animales , Antiasmáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/inmunología , Asma/patología , Línea Celular , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/inmunología , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Inmunoglobulina E/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/patología , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/inmunología , Ovalbúmina , Extractos Vegetales/química , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe (ZM) is a traditional medicine, used to treat inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ZM on the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)induced allergic asthma. Mice received OVA sensitization on day 0 and 14, and were challenged with OVA between days 21 and 23. ZM was administered to the mice at a dose of 30 mg/kg, 1 h prior to OVA challenge. In LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells, ZM significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α production in a concentrationdependent manner, and mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNFα and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 was reduced. In addition, treatment with ZM decreased the inflammatory cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the mice, and reduced the expression of interleukin (IL)4, IL5, IL13, eotaxin and immunoglobulin E. ZM also reduced airway hyperresponsiveness in OVAchallenged mice, and attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucus production in the airways, with a decrease in the expression of iNOS and MMP9 in lung tissue. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that ZM effectively inhibits inflammatory responses. Therefore, it may be that ZM has potential as a therapeutic agent for use in inflammatory diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antiasmáticos/farmacología , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Zingiberaceae/química , Animales , Antiasmáticos/química , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/genética , Asma/inmunología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Línea Celular , Quimiocina CCL11/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quimiocina CCL11/genética , Quimiocina CCL11/inmunología , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Inmunoglobulina E/genética , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Interleucina-13/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-13/genética , Interleucina-13/inmunología , Interleucina-4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-4/genética , Interleucina-4/inmunología , Interleucina-5/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-5/genética , Interleucina-5/inmunología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/patología , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/citología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/inmunología , Ovalbúmina/efectos adversos , Ovalbúmina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extractos Vegetales/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Canarium lyi C.D. Dai & Yakovlev (CL) is a member of the Anacardiaceae family. To the best of our knowledge, no studies on its anti-inflammatory effects have yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of CL on inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice. CL attenuated the production of LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1ß, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, CL suppressed phosphorylation of the inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α), p38, c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), as well as the translocation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit into the nucleus. For the in vivo efficacy, the effect of CL on a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury was assessed. CL treatment of the mice significantly inhibited the inflammatory cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). CL-treated mice also showed a marked inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phosphorylation of IκB and p65. In addition, CL attenuated lung histopathological changes in LPS-induced ALI mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that CL is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including pneumonia.
Asunto(s)
Anacardiaceae/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Lesión Pulmonar/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Citocinas/genética , Dinoprostona/biosíntesis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/efectos adversos , Lesión Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesión Pulmonar/inmunología , Lesión Pulmonar/patología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Callicarpa japonica Thunb. (CJT) is traditionally used as an herbal remedy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory response of CJT in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. The C57BL/6 mice were administered 30 mg/kg of CJT by oral gavage for 3 days. LPS is applied to animals by intranasal administration 1 h after final CJT treatment. LPS is applied to animals by intranasal administration 1h after final CJT treatment. LPS was delivered intranasally 1h after the final CJT treatment. In the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, CJT significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6 in a concentration-dependent manner by reducing inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and IL-6 mRNA levels. In the ALI model, CJT decreased the inflammatory cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) while IL-6 levels were reduced in CJT-treated mice compared with the ALI control mice. CJT also inhibited airway inflammation by reducing iNOS expression in lung tissue. In conclusion, our results indicate that CJT inhibits inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in the LPS-induced ALI model. Therefore, we suggest that CJT has the potential to treat inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Lamiaceae/química , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/inmunología , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/patología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/toxicidad , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/toxicidad , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/patología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
Physalis alkekengi has been traditionally used for the treatment of coughs, middle ear infections, and sore throats in Korea, Europe, and China. It exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of the P. alkekengi methanol extract (PA) and its molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, the chromatogram of PA was established by UPLC analysis. The anti-inflammatory effects of PA were also investigated using murine microphage cell lines, RAW 264.7 cells, and a murine model of OVA induced asthma. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, PA reduced the MMP-9 expression with decreases in the production of nitric oxide, inteleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, PA suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs, which resulted in the inhibition of AP-1 activation. These effects of PA were consistent with the results of the in vivo experiment. PA-treated mice significantly inhibited inflammatory cell counts and cytokine production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and airway-hyperresponsiveness in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. PA treated mice also showed a marked inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and MMP-9 expression. In conclusion, our results suggest that PA may be a valuable therapeutic material in treating various inflammatory diseases, including allergic asthma.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/farmacología , Physalis/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Factor de Transcripción AP-1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/genética , Asma/inmunología , Asma/metabolismo , Asma/patología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Línea Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/química , Ratones , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Siegesbeckia glabrescens (SG) is a plant growing in Korea that is used as a traditional medicine for various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SG extract on allergic asthma in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma murine model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA on days 0 and 14 and then challenged with OVA from days 21 to 23. SG (30mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage 1h before the OVA challenge. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were evaluated to determine their levels of nitric oxide (NO). The SG significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and also reduced IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin and immunoglobulin E in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. SG also effectively reduced airway inflammation and mucus overproduction in lung tissue in addition to decreasing the expression of iNOS and COX-2. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, SG treatment significantly reduced the levels of NO. These findings indicate that SG effectively suppressed inflammatory responses, and its effects appear to be related to reduction in iNOS and COX-2 expression. Therefore, we suggest that SG may have potential use as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Asteraceae , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Asma/inmunología , Asma/metabolismo , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Recuento de Células , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/inmunología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Lipopolisacáridos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Moco/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Fitoterapia , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. (PQ) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, including gastritis. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of PQ on the inflammatory responses in mice with allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)stimulated RAW264.7 cells. To induce allergic asthma, the mice underwent OVA sensitization on days 0 and 14 and then were challenged with OVA from days 2123. The mice were administered 15 and 30 mg/kg doses of PQ 1 h prior to the OVA challenge. The PQ treatment decreased the inflammatory cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the mice and reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)4, IL5, IL13 and immunoglobulin (Ig)E when compared with those in the OVA group. The PQ treatment also reduced the airway hyperresponsiveness induced by the OVA challenge, attenuated the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the mucus production in the airways of the mice. In the LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells, the PQ treatment reduced the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The results indicated that PQ inhibits inflammatory responses in mice with OVAsensitized/challenged allergic asthma and in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells. These effects were considered to be associated with the suppression of iNOS expression. Therefore, PQ may have the potential to treat airway inflammatory diseases, including allergic asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Picrasma/química , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Sistema Respiratorio/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/patología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inflamación/patología , Interleucina-13/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-5/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/efectos adversos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina/efectos adversos , Sistema Respiratorio/patologíaRESUMEN
Homoegonol is a lignan derived from styraxlignolide A, which was isolated from Styrax japonica, a medicinal plant widely used for treatment of inflammatory diseases in Korea. We investigated the efficacy of homoegonol for the treatment of allergic asthma using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. The mice were sensitized through intraperitoneal injections of OVA on days 0 and 14. On days 21, 22 and 23 after the initial OVA sensitization, the mice were received OVA airway challenge. Homoegonol was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 30 mg/kg 1 h prior to the OVA challenge. The homoegonol-treated mice exhibited reduced inflammatory cell counts and Th2 cytokines in BALF, AHR, and IgE in the serum compared with the OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. The histological analysis of the lung tissue revealed that the administration of homoegonol attenuated the airway inflammation and the mucus overproduction in airway epithelial lesions induced by OVA through a reduction in expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase-9. These findings indicate that homoegonol effectively suppresses the asthmatic responses induced by OVA challenge and suggests that homoegonol exhibits potential as therapeutic drug for allergic asthma.
Asunto(s)
Anisoles/uso terapéutico , Antialérgicos/uso terapéutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapéutico , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Benzofuranos/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Lignanos/uso terapéutico , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Respiratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Resistencia de las Vías Respiratorias/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Anisoles/administración & dosificación , Antialérgicos/administración & dosificación , Antiasmáticos/administración & dosificación , Asma/inmunología , Asma/metabolismo , Asma/patología , Benzofuranos/administración & dosificación , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Citocinas/análisis , Citocinas/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina E/análisis , Lignanos/administración & dosificación , Pulmón/enzimología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/química , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina , Mucosa Respiratoria/enzimología , Mucosa Respiratoria/metabolismo , Mucosa Respiratoria/patología , Organismos Libres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMEN
Pycnogenol® (PYC) is a standardized extracts from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus maritime) and used as a herbal remedy for various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PYC on airway inflammation using a model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma and RAW264.7 cells. PYC decreased nitric oxide production and reduced the interleukine (IL)-1ß and IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. PYC also reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and enhanced the expression of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1. In the in vivo experiment, PYC decreased the inflammatory cell count and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E in BALF or serum. These results are consistent with the histological analysis findings, which showed that PYC attenuated the airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion induced by OVA challenge. In addition, PYC enhanced the expression of HO-1. In contrast, PYC inhibited the elevated expression of iNOS and MMP-9 proteins induced by OVA challenge. In conclusion, PYC exhibits protective effects against OVA-induced asthma and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that PYC has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Flavonoides/farmacología , Pinus/química , Animales , Antiasmáticos/farmacología , Asma/inmunología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Línea Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Ovalbúmina/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound found in garlic oil that is widely used as a flavoring agent. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DADS on airway inflammation using an ovalbumin-induced model of allergic asthma and RAW264.7 cells. DADS decreased nitric oxide production with a reduction in the levels of interleukins (IL)-1ß and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. DADS also reduced the expression of proinflammatory proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and it enhanced the expression of antioxidant proteins including Nrf-2 and hemeoxygenase (HO)-1. In in vivo experiments, DADS decreased the inflammatory cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E. These results were consistent with the histological analysis. DADS attenuated the airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion induced by OVA challenge. In addition, DADS induced the activation of Nrf-2 and the expression of HO-1. In contrast, DADS reduced the activation of NF-κB, iNOS and MMP-9. In conclusion, DADS reduced the airway inflammation via regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and NF-κB. These results suggest that DADS might represent a useful new oral therapy to treat allergic asthma.