RESUMEN
Immune checkpoints such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) have been proven as antitumor targets by enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity. All immune checkpoint blockades are antibody therapeutics that have large size and high affinity, as well as known immune-related side effects and low responses. To overcome the limitation of antibody therapeutics, we have explored PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) blockades in traditional oriental medicine, which has a long history but has not yet studied PD-1/PD-L1 blockades. Sanguisorbae Radix extract (SRE) blocked PD-1 and PD-L1 binding in competitive ELISA. SRE effectively inhibited the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, thereby improving T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and the NFAT-mediated luciferase activity of T cells. SRE treatment reduced tumor growth in the humanized PD-L1 MC38 cell allograft humanized PD-1 mouse model. Additionally, the combination of SRE and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) suppressed tumor growth and increased infiltrated cytotoxic T cells to a greater extent did either agent alone. This study showed that SRE alone has anticancer effects via PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and that the combination therapy of SRE and pembrolizumab has enhanced immuno-oncologic effects.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sanguisorba , Adenocarcinoma/inmunología , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Animales , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Células CHO , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/inmunología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Cricetulus , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/inmunología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/genética , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Sanguisorba/química , Transducción de Señal , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, increasingly used to treat malignant tumors, are revolutionizing cancer treatment by improving the patient survival expectations. Despite the high antitumor efficacy of antibody therapeutics that bind to PD-1/PD-L1, study on small molecule-based PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is required to overcome the side effects of antibody therapeutics caused by their size and affinity. Herein, we investigated antitumor potential of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract (SPE), which has been used as a traditional oriental medicine and food in many countries, and its components by the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. SPE and its component cosmosiin effectively blocked the molecular interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. SPE also inhibited tumor growth by increasing CD8+ T-cells in the tumor through the activation of tumor-specific T-cells in a humanized PD-1 mouse model bearing hPD-L1 knock-in MC38 colon adenocarcinoma tumor. This finding presents a preclinical strategy to develop small molecule-based anticancer drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway.