RESUMEN
The anti-diabetic effects of two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini, sajabalssuk (SB) and sajuarissuk (SS), were investigated in type 2 diabetic animal using their ethanol extracts. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice were divided into control, SB ethanol extract (SBE), SS ethanol extract (SSE), or rosiglitazone (RG) groups and their age-matched littermates (db/+) were used. Supplementation of the SBE (0.171 g/100g diet), SSE (0.154 g/100g diet), and RG (0.005 g/100g diet) improved glucose and insulin tolerance and significantly lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels, as compared to the control group. Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels in db/db mice were higher in the db/+ mice, however these values were significantly lowered by SBE, SSE or RG-supplement. Hepatic GK activity was significantly lower in the db/db mice than in the db/+ mice, while hepatic G6Pase activity was vice versa. Supplementation of SBE, SSE and RG reversed these hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities. In addition, SBE and SSE markedly increased the hepatic glycogen content and muscle ratio as compared to the control group, but they did not alter the food intake, body weight and plasma leptin level. The RG group, however, showed a significant increase in the food intake, body weight and plasma leptin. These results suggest that SBE and SSE exert an anti-diabetic effect in type 2 diabetic mice.
Asunto(s)
Artemisia/química , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Animales , Biomarcadores/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Insulina/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Glucógeno Hepático/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Rosiglitazona , Solventes , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Tiazolidinedionas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Preliminary studies have shown that naringin has a potent lipid-lowering effect and antioxidant capacity in high-cholesterol diet fed animals. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of naringin on hypercholesterolemic subjects. METHODS: A hypercholesterolemic group (n=30) and healthy control group (n=30) were established based on the plasma cholesterol levels in the subjects, then all subjects received naringin (400mg/capsule/day) with regular meals for a period of 8 weeks. RESULTS: In the hypercholesterolemic subjects, naringin supplementation was found to lower the plasma total cholesterol by 14% and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 17%, while the plasma triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations remained unaffected. The apolipoprotein B levels in the hypercholesterolemic subjects were significantly lowered after naringin treatment, yet no change was observed in the apolipoprotein A-1 levels. The erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the hypercholesterolemic group were significantly increased, whereas the glutathione peroxidase activity and plasma TBARS levels were not different from the baseline measurements. Meanwhile, naringin supplementation had no affect on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and TBARS levels or antioxidant enzyme activities in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, these data suggest that naringin may play an important role in lowering plasma cholesterol and regulating the antioxidant capacity in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Flavanonas/farmacología , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Lípidos/sangre , Oxidorreductasas/sangre , Adulto , Apolipoproteínas/sangre , Apolipoproteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/sangre , Catalasa/efectos de los fármacos , Colesterol/sangre , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Flavanonas/administración & dosificación , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangre , Hipercolesterolemia/enzimología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidorreductasas/efectos de los fármacos , Valores de Referencia , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Superóxido Dismutasa/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Naringin, a bioflavonoid found in citrus fruit peel, is known to have an antioxidative effect, but its effect on atherosclerosis has not been studied. This study evaluated the effect of naringin on blood lipid levels and aortic fatty streaks, and its action mechanism in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Male New Zealand white rabbits were fed a 0.25% cholesterol diet and divided into an untreated group (n = 4), a naringin-treated group (n = 5; 500 mg/kg per day), and a lovastatin-treated group (n = 5; 20 mg/kg per day). After 8 weeks, blood was sampled and analyzed biochemically. Aorta and liver were harvested and examined histologically. Cholesterol level in rabbits fed the 0.25% cholesterol diet reached 17 times normal and decreased in the rabbits fed naringin and lovastatin, whose effects were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, both naringin and lovastatin effectively decreased the area of fatty streak in thoracic aorta on macroscopic analysis (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced subintimal foam cell infiltration on microscopic morphometry (p < 0.05). These foam cells were macrophages on immunohistochemical analysis. Naringin treatment inhibited hypercholesterolemia-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on endothelial cells. Hypercholesterolemia caused fatty liver and elevation of liver enzymes, which was prevented by naringin but not by lovastatin. Naringin significantly reduced fatty streak formation and neointimal macrophage infiltration and also inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells, suggesting that suppression of ICAM-1 contributed to the antiatherogenic effect. Naringin, unlike lovastatin, has a hepatoprotective action.
Asunto(s)
Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapéutico , Arteriosclerosis/prevención & control , Flavanonas , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/metabolismo , Animales , Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacología , Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Aorta Torácica/patología , Arteriosclerosis/sangre , Arteriosclerosis/patología , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Dieta Aterogénica , Flavonoides/farmacología , Células Espumosas , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/farmacología , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Hipercolesterolemia/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/inmunología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Lovastatina/farmacología , Masculino , Conejos , Factores de Tiempo , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Hematein is a compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan that has been used in oriental medicine as both an analgesic and an anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we examined the anti-atherogenic potential of hematein using cholesterol-fed New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. NZW rabbits were divided into a hematein-supplemented (0.05% in diet) group (n=6), a probucol-supplemented (0.25% in diet) group (n=6), and a control group (n=6). After 8 weeks of treatments, the extent of the atherosclerotic lesions was significantly reduced in the hematein-supplemented group and the probucol-supplemented group without changing plasma lipoprotein levels. Hematein and probucol prevented the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression on the descending aorta induced by cholesterol diet. In culture, hematein also significantly inhibited the secretion of soluble VCAM-1 and of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) respectively induced by tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) culture. Also, hematein inhibited monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell and the activation of NF-kappaB in HUVECs stimulated with TNF-alpha. The results of the present study suggest that the anti-atherogenic effect of hematein is not related to control of the plasma lipid profile but probably related to the inhibition of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression resulting in an amelioration of lesion development in the rabbit.
Asunto(s)
Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Arteriosclerosis/metabolismo , Caesalpinia , Quimiocina CCL2/biosíntesis , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Hematoxilina/análogos & derivados , Hematoxilina/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/biosíntesis , Animales , Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacología , Aorta Torácica/patología , Arteriosclerosis/patología , Northern Blotting , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Células Cultivadas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Ensayo de Cambio de Movilidad Electroforética , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Endotelio Vascular/patología , Hematoxilina/administración & dosificación , Lípidos/sangre , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Masculino , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/patología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Probucol/farmacología , Conejos , Activación Transcripcional/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polyphenols appear to have antioxidant activities and may mediate lipid lowering. METHODS: Four groups of rats, a high-cholesterol control (HC), HC+lovastatin, HC+3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate, and HC+3,4-di(OH)-hydrocinnamate, were given a semi-synthetic diet. The cinnamate derivative or lovastatin (0.1 g/100 g) supplements were given for 6 weeks. RESULTS: The plasma total cholesterol concentration was significantly lowered by the 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate supplement compared to the control or lovastatin group. The 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate and 3,4-di(OH)-hydrocinnamate supplements significantly lowered both the hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while lovastatin only lowered the hepatic cholesterol. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities were significantly lower in the 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate and 3,4-di(OH)-hydrocinnamate groups than in the control or lovastatin group. The ACAT activity was only significantly lower in the lovastatin group compared to the other groups. With regards the hepatic antioxidant enzyme system, the CAT activity was significantly higher in the 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate and 3,4-di(OH)-hydrocinnamate groups compared to the control or lovastatin group. The two cinnamate derivatives resulted in an increased hepatic GSH-Px activity. Meanwhile, all the supplements significantly lowered the hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content. However, the 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate and 3,4-di(OH)-hydrocinnamate supplements did not alter the neutral sterol and total fecal sterol. CONCLUSIONS: Both cinnamate derivatives were potent in lipid-lowering and altering the antioxidative enzyme. Furthermore, these results also suggest that 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate is more effective than 3,4-di(OH)-hydrocinnamate in its lipid-lowering action.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Colesterol en la Dieta/farmacología , Cinamatos/farmacología , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Animales , Colesterol en la Dieta/metabolismo , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos , Heces/química , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/farmacología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Esteroles/química , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Some bioflavonoids are potent antioxidants and have pharmacological effects similar to those of vitamin E. The interactive effect of naringin and vitamin E was studied with respect to cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status. Naringin supplementation (0.1%, wt/wt) with comparable levels of vitamin E was given to rats with a high-cholesterol (1%, wt/wt) diet for 5 weeks. The amount of vitamin E included in naringin-free and naringin diets was a low (low-E) and a normal (normal-E) level. The naringin supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride compared to the naringin-free group in low vitamin E-fed rats. HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lowered by naringin supplementation within both the low-vitamin E group (794.64 +/- 9.87 vs. 432.18 +/- 12.33 pmol/min/mg protein, mean +/- SE; p < 0.05) and normal-vitamin E group (358.82 +/- 11.4 vs. 218.22 +/- 9.47 pmol/min/mg protein, mean +/- SE; p < 0.05) compared to each of the naringin-free group. The HMG-CoA reductase activity was also significantly lowered by increased dietary vitamin E when compared within the naringin and naringin-free group, respectively. Neither dietary naringin nor vitamin E did significantly change the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance level. These data indicate that naringin lowers the plasma lipid concentrations when the dietary vitamin E level is low. The HMG-CoA reductase-inhibitory effect of naringin was more potent when dietary vitamin E was at a normal level. These data may contribute to understanding the interactive effect of naringin and vitamin E on cholesterol biosynthesis in high-cholesterol-fed rats.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Colesterol en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Colesterol/metabolismo , Flavanonas , Flavonoides/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Animales , Colesterol/biosíntesis , Suplementos Dietéticos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/metabolismo , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
The anti-atherogenic effects of the citrus flavonoids, naringin and naringenin, were evaluated in high cholesterol-fed rabbits. At 3 months of age, 30 male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were divided into three groups (n = 10 per group). The rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet alone (control group) or a diet supplemented with either 0.1% naringin or 0.05% naringenin for 8 weeks. The plasma lipoprotein levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein showed no significant differences in the control and experimental groups. Hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was slightly low in naringin (5.0%)- and naringenin (15.0%)-fed rabbits, compared to control group. The aortic fatty streak areas were significantly lower in both the naringin (19.2 +/- 5.6%)- and naringenin (18.1 +/- 6.5%)-supplemented groups than in the control group (60.4 +/- 14.0%). The expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of the thoracic aorta, were significantly lower in the flavonoids supplemented groups than in the control group. These results suggest that the anti-atherogenic effect of the citrus flavonoids, naringin and naringenin, is involved with a decreased hepatic ACAT activity and with the downregulation of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 gene expression.
Asunto(s)
Aorta/metabolismo , Arteriosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Flavanonas , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Hígado/enzimología , Actinas/análisis , Actinas/inmunología , Animales , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Aorta/patología , Arteriosclerosis/metabolismo , Arteriosclerosis/patología , Quimiocina CCL2/biosíntesis , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Colesterol/administración & dosificación , Dieta Aterogénica , Inmunohistoquímica , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/citología , Masculino , Conejos , Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/biosíntesis , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/genéticaRESUMEN
Adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) play an important role during the early stages of atherogenesis. Agastache rugosa has an anti-atherogenic effect in low density lipoprotein receptor -/- mice. Moreover, A. rugosa reduced macrophage infiltration and VCAM-1 expression has been localized in aortic endothelium that overlies early foam cell lesions. This study ascertained that tilianin (100 microM), a major component of A. rugosa, inhibits the tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced expression of VCAM-1 by 74% in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Also, tilianin (100 microM) reduced TNF-alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in HUVECs.
Asunto(s)
Arteriosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacología , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/biosíntesis , Animales , Arteriosclerosis/metabolismo , Arteriosclerosis/patología , Células Cultivadas , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacología , Glicósidos/farmacología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Macrófagos/citología , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Receptores de LDL/genética , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Certain bioflavonoids are potent antioxidants and have pharmacologic effects similar to those of vitamin E. Accordingly, the interactive effect of hesperidin and vitamin E was studied with respect to cholesterol metabolism and the antioxidant status. Hesperidin supplement (0.1%, wt/wt) with comparable levels of vitamin E was provided with a high-cholesterol (1%, wt/wt) diet to rats for 5 weeks. The amount of vitamin E included in the hesperidin-free and hesperidin diets was either a low (low-E) or a normal (normal-E) level. The hesperidin supplement and different levels of dietary vitamin E did not significantly alter the concentrations of plasma triglycerides. However, the inclusion of hesperidin significantly lowered the concentration of plasma cholesterol in both the low-vitamin E group and the normal-vitamin E group compared to the hesperidin-free groups (p < 0.05). The hepatic triglyceride content was significantly lowered by the hesperidin supplement, as opposed to the plasma triglyceride content, regardless of the vitamin E level in the diet. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lowered by the hesperidin supplement with both the low-vitamin E and the normal-vitamin E compared to the hesperidin-free groups (p < 0.05). The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was also significantly lowered with an increase in the dietary vitamin E within the hesperidin and hesperidin-free groups. The excretion of fecal neutral sterol and acidic sterols tended to be lower with the hesperidin supplement. Neither dietary hesperidin nor vitamin E significantly changed the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity. This data indicates that hesperidin lowers the concentration of plasma cholesterol and the hepatic triglyceride content regardless of the dietary vitamin E level. However, the concentration of plasma cholesterol in the hesperidin-free groups was dependent on the dietary vitamin E level. This information may contribute to understanding the interactive effect of hesperidin and vitamin E on cholesterol biosynthesis in high cholesterol-fed rats.
Asunto(s)
Colesterol en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Colesterol/metabolismo , Hesperidina/farmacología , Hígado/metabolismo , Vitamina E/farmacología , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Heces/química , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/metabolismo , Hígado/química , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
A new diarylbutane lignan, saururin A (1), and a known 8-O-4'-type neolignan, machilin D (2), were isolated from a total methanol extract of the underground parts of Saururus chinensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Compounds 1, 2, and virolin (3) (the methyl ether of 2) exhibited significant low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-antioxidant activity in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay with IC(50) values of 8.5, 2.9, and 4.3 microM, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Lignanos/aislamiento & purificación , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Magnoliopsida/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Corea (Geográfico) , Lignanos/química , Lignanos/farmacología , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Raíces de Plantas/química , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Estereoisomerismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisisRESUMEN
The effects of the citrus bioflavonoid naringin were tested by using it as a supplement in a high-cholesterol diet. Male rats were fed for 42 days with a 1% (wt/wt) high cholesterol diet either with or without naringin-supplementation (0.1%, wt/wt) to study the effect on plasma lipid levels, hepatic lipid contents, hepatic enzyme activity, and the excretion of fecal neutral sterols. Naringin did not significantly alter the levels of plasma triglycerides, however, the levels of plasma cholesterol (3.80 +/- 0.31 mmol/L vs. 2.61 +/- 0.30 mmol/L, mean +/- SE; p < 0.05) and hepatic cholesterol (70.3 +/- 4.3 mg/g vs. 54.3 +/- 3.8 mg/g, mean +/- SD; p < 0.05) were significantly lowered compared to those of the control. HMG-CoA reductase (2487.0 +/- 210.0 pmole/min/mg vs. 1879.0 +/- 236.0 pmole/min/mg, mean +/- SE; p < 0.05) and ACAT (806.0 +/- 105.0 pmole/min/mg vs. 643.0 +/- 80.0 pmole/min/mg, mean +/- SE; p < 0.05) activities were both substantially lower in the naringin-supplemented group than in the control. The naringin supplementation markedly decreased the excretion of fecal neutral sterols (204.7 +/- 28.5 mg/day) compared to the control (521.9 +/- 53.9 mg/day). The combination of the inhibited HMG-CoA reductase (-24.4%) and ACAT (-20.2%) activities as a result of naringin supplementation could account for the decrease of fecal neutral sterols.
Asunto(s)
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Colesterol/sangre , Flavanonas , Flavonoides/farmacología , Hígado/enzimología , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Heces/química , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The cholesterol-lowering effects of tangerine peel extract and a mixture of two citrus flavonoids were tested. Male rats were fed a 1 g/100 g high-cholesterol diet for 42 d with supplements of either tangerine-peel extract or a mixture of naringin and hesperidin (0.5 g/100 g) to study the effects of plasma and hepatic lipids, hepatic enzyme activities, and the excretion of fecal neutral sterols. Both the tangerine-peel extract and mixture of two flavonoids significantly lowered the levels (mean +/- SE) of plasma (2.44 +/- 0. 59 and 2.42 +/- 0.31 mmol/L, vs. 3.80 +/- 0.28 mmol/L, P < 0.05), hepatic cholesterol (0.143 +/- 0.017 and 0.131 +/- 0.010 mmol/g vs. 0.181 +/- 0.003 mmol/g, P < 0.05), and hepatic triglycerides (0.069 +/- 0.007 and 0.075 +/- 0.006 mmol/g vs. 0.095 +/- 0.002 mmol/g, P < 0.05) compared to those of the control. The 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (1565.0 +/- 106. 0 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1 and 1783.0 +/- 282 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1 vs. 2487.0 +/- 210.0 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1, P < 0.05) and acyl CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) activities (548.0 +/- 65.0 and 615.0 +/- 80.0 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1 vs. 806.0 +/- 105.0 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control. These supplements also substantially reduced the excretion of fecal neutral sterols compared to the control (211.1 +/- 26.7 and 208.2 +/- 31.6 mg/d vs. 521.9 +/- 53.9 mg/d). The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities resulting from the supplementation of either tangerine-peel extract or a combination of its bioflavonoids could account for the decrease in fecal neutral sterol that appears to compensate for the decreased cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver.
Asunto(s)
Colesterol/metabolismo , Citrus/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/metabolismo , Animales , Colesterol/sangre , Combinación de Medicamentos , Heces/química , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Esteroles/análisisRESUMEN
Two triterpenoid compounds, ursolic acid and uvaol, were isolated from Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge leaves. Ursolic acid inhibits chitin synthase II from S. cerevisiae with an IC50 value of 0.84 microgram/ml and the inhibition appears to be selective for chitin synthase II, whereas uvaol has no inhibitory activity up to 280 micrograms/ml. Oleanolic acid, alpha-hederin hydrate, and betulic acid inhibited the chitin synthase II activity under the same conditions with an IC50 of 5.6, 64.3, and 98.7 micrograms/ml, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Quitina Sintasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Rosales/química , Triterpenos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimología , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMEN
We have isolated cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors from the extract of Korean Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer roots and identified them as polyacetylene analogs. These compounds inhibit human CETP with IC50 values of around 20-35 mg/ml.