Effects of vitamin D or its analogues on the mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this study was to assess whether vitamin D (VD) treatment alters the overall all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials without language restriction, until the publication date of 22 February 2016. All related literatures that compared VD treatment with non-VD treatment and reported the mortality of patients with CKD (including those undergoing dialysis) were identified. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using the random- and fixed-effects models. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that used the intention-to-treat principle and observational studies (OSs) were analysed separately. For this study, 38 studies involving 223 429 patients (17 RCTs, n=1819 and 21 OSs, n=221610) were included. In the OSs, VD treatment was significantly associated with reductions in both all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities; however, such significant association was not found in the RCTs. The existing RCTs do not provide sufficient or precise evidence that VD supplementation affects the mortality of patients with CKD, although subsets of patients that could potentially benefit from VD treatment can be identified by using the existing data from the RCTs. Nevertheless, large-size RCTs are needed in the future to assess any potential differences in survival prospectively.

[Effects of "qing kai ling" injection on experimental cerebral hematoma in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of "Qingkailing" (QKL) on cerebral hematoma. METHODS: The experimental cerebral hematoma models were produced by injecting autogenous clot in the rabbit. The influences of QKL on blood gas, brain index, contents of water, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium in brain tissues and changes of cerebrovascular permeability, histomorphology at the third day, seventh day, fourteenth day after cerebral hematoma were observed. RESULTS: In the pathological group brain index and contents of water, sodium, calcium of brain tissue, ventilation of lung were increased progressively, cerebrovascular permeability were raised obviously, especially in the side of hematoma (right brain). After the forming of cerebral hematoma cerebral edema was reduced, brain index, contents of water, sodium, calcium in brain tissue and cerebrovascular permeability, hyperventilation were all less than pathological group and close to the control group. CONCLUSION: QKL was advantageous in the treatment of encephal edema induced by experimental cerebral hematoma.

Fatty acid composition of blood lipids in Chinese children consuming high erucic acid rapeseed oil.

The fatty acid patterns of oils, blood plasma and erythrocyte lipids from 28 children in the Shaanxi province of the People's Republic of China were determined by capillary gas liquid chromatography. The main source of fat in this region is rapeseed oil. The analysis of locally available rapeseed oil shows a high erucic acid content (mean 43.83%, range 33.91-50.48%). According to protocol data, about 3% of the daily nutrient energy is provided by erucic acid. Despite a low fat intake in Chinese children, the composition of the fatty acids of the fractions analyzed showed normal patterns. However, erucic acid was found in all fractions analyzed. Data on erucic acid in human tissue are scarce. Although there are no indications of erucic acid toxicity in man, it is known to cause cardiac lipidosis and necrosis in rats. The question remains open if erucic acid aggravates selenium deficiency symptoms which are known to be associated with Keshan disease, an endemic cardiomyopathy.

[Clinical effect and laboratory observation of ofloxacin in the treatment of typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery and gonorrhea].

Ofloxacin was used in the treatment of 20 cases of typhoid fever, 32 cases of bacillary dysentery and 50 cases of gonococcal infection. Altogether 102 cases were treated, 53 being male and 49 female. The daily dosage was 400 mg to 600 mg, divided into two times. The result showed that the clinical effective rate for typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery and gonococcal infections was 100%, 97% and 94% respectively, while the bacterial eradication rate was 100%, 100% and 94% respectively. the bacterial eradication rate was 100%, 97% and 94% respectively. The side effects were mild in degree. The authors are of the opinion that since ofloxacin can be administered orally with only two times a day, its absorption is nearly complete and the cure rate is high, it should be considered as the drug of choice in the treatment of typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery and gonorrhea, especially in the drug resistant cases. It is suggested that this drug be used more widely.

A screening method for the evaluation of selenium status.

A screening test for the estimation of the Se content in whole blood was developed. Blood was administered on to filter paper, dried at room temperature and circles of 28 mm circumference cut out. The blood volume corresponding to the stained circle amounted to 17.0 +/- 1.4 microL. The Se content was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry + hydride generation technique after stepwise digestion of the blood stained filter papers. Precision (within-run 6.3%) and recovery rate (102%) were good. The screening test was used for samples from Magnesia, an area on the east coast of Greece, and Ningxia, a rural area in northeast China. The blood Se content was significantly lower in Greek mothers after birth than in Chinese mothers. Greek newborns had higher blood Se than their mothers. Greek infants showed a drastic decline in the blood Se values within the airst 4 months of life. The screening method showed good practicability in testing the blood Se content in samples from different areas of the world.