Thoughts on the Imbalance Mechanism of Glucose Metabolism in Depression and its Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Depression is a common mental illness that seriously harms to the physical and mental health of human beings. Due to its biological-psychological-social interaction pathogenic feature, researchers hold different opinions for the pathogenesis of depression. Recently, accumulating the clinical and basic researches on the comorbidity of depression and diabetes make the roles of glucose metabolism, especially central glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of depression get much more attention. It has been believed that the "liver" and "spleen" are closely related to each other physiologically and pathologically. A large number of studies have confirmed that the core biological connotation of liver-spleen and pathology of traditional Chinese medicine is "emotion-energy network imbalance", which has similarities with the mechanism of glucose metabolism imbalance in depression. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the biological connotation of the liver and spleen with the modern medicine to conduct the further research, which will consequently provide scientific basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of depression and finding complementary and alternative treatment for depression.

A Preliminary Study on the Biological Research of Supplementary Syndrome in Special Deficiency / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This paper is based on the theory of"internal diseases will be presented externally"in Traditional Chinese Medicine, combined with the idea of syndrome differentiation and grasping the main symptoms, and proposes the concept of"virtual special disease". It is extracted from ancient books and expert experience, and it is believed that it is widespread and can be tested by clinical practice. The application of virtual syndrome to diagnosis can achieve the purpose of simplifying the complexity TCM syndrome differentiation. On the one hand, it provides a new exploration for enriching the TCM syndrome differentiation system; on the other hand, it provides new ideas for supplementing the biological research of syndromes and developing the diagnosis of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Analysis of Constructing TCM Syndrome Complex Intervention Based on Text Mining and Interview Method / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The occurrence, development and outcome of most diseases are a complex process. It is the advantage of traditional Chinese medicine to establish complex interventions that are consistent with the characteristics of disease development. The specific steps are as follows: quantitative research on literature research, establishment of interview framework; focus on interviews, specificization of interview outlines; semi-structured interviews, preliminary construction of complex intervention programs; evaluation of efficacy of complex interventions. The introduction of semi-structured interviews and other qualitative research methods into the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, combined with quantitative methods such as text analysis and data mining, is also helpful in formulating the standard of diagnosis and treatment system with Chinese characteristics.

Correlation Study Between the Syndrome of Stagnation of Liver Qi and Spleen Deficiency and Intestinal Flora / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

In recent years, the relationship between TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) syndrome and intestinal flora has attracted wide attention from the medical community. The syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency is a common clinical syndrome of multiple diseases, involving multiple system pathological change. And the disorganized intestinal flora also cause a multisystem pathological change. The development of molecular biology and metagenomic technology provides strong support for the study of syndrome diseases and intestinal flora. In this paper, it reviewes the correlation of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency and intestinal flora in nerve, digestive, endocrine, metabolic system.

Study Progress of TCM Syndrome and Neuroplasticity Mechanism of Parkinson's Disease with Depression / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Parkinson's disease with depression belongs to the category of "tremor syndrome" and "depression syndrome" of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Its syndrome characteristics and distribution are different from simple tremor syndrome and depression syndrome. Its neuroplastic mechanism involves dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Parkinson's disease and depression have common neuro-biological mechanisms. Therefore, Chinese medicine treatment of Parkinson's disease with depression may have a dual regulation effect.

Discussion on Diagnostic Criteria of Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome are common clinical syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In recent years, great progress has been made in the study of diagnostic criteria of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome. This paper discusses the current domestic research on the diagnostic criteria of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome from the aspects of textbooks, diagnostic criteria of teaching reference, guidelines, standardized diagnostic criteria, criteria derived from clinical investigation, and criteria derived from literature analysis.

Analysis on DNA Methylation and Its Application in TCM Syndrome Research / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

DNA methylation studies the natural modification of DNA that occurs when the nucleotide sequence is unchanged. At present, DNA methylation is used in the field of biomedicine to focus on the characteristics and regularity of disease-wide genome methylation and the DNA methylation biomarkers for disease. Based on the systematic review of DNA methylation research techniques, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current status of DNA methylation technology in basic research of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) syndromes, and a suggestion to screen the TCM syndrome biomarkers from whole genome DNA methylation is proposed.

Changes of Notch Signaling Pathway in Hippocampus of Rats with Stagnation of Liver Qi and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome and Regulation of Xiaoyaosan / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: To observe the changes of Notch signaling pathway related molecule expression in hippocampus of rats with stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency syndrome and to explore the regulatory effect of Xiaoyaosan. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, model group, model+xiayaosan group and model+fluoxetine group, each group had 12 rats. The stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency model was established by chronic immobilization stress for 21 days. Detection of Nissl bodies by Nissl staining, expression of NICD, Hes1, Hes5 and Jad1 were detected by Fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western-blot method. Results: Compared with the normal group, the number of Nissl bodies in the model group decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse it (P ＜ 0.01). The expression of Notch signaling pathway-related protein in model group was significantly lower than that in normal group (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse the expression of NICD, Hes5 and Jag1 protein (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01). Compared with the normal group, the expression of each gene in the model group decreased (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse the expression of NICD, Hes1 and Hes5 mRNA (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The hippocampal neurons of rats with stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency syndrome were damaged and the Nissl bodies were reduced, the expression of each protein and gene in Notch signaling pathway decreased. Xiaoyaosan may play a therapeutic role by regulating the expression level of hippocampal related molecules to protect neurons.

EFFECT OF ASTRAGALOSIDE ON VITAMIN D-RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AFTER ENDOTHELIN-1-INDUCED CARDIOMYOCYTE INJURY.

BACKGROUND: Astragaloside, which is one of the main components of Astragalus membranaceus, has been widely used in the treatment of congestive heart failure in China, and it can protect cardiomyocytes. Its mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the influence of astragaloside on rat cardiomyocytes stimulated with endothelin-1 (ET-1), and explored the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ET-1 was used to stimulate primary rat cardiomyocytes and establish a cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model. Different astragaloside doses were administered in combination with ET-1. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry, respectively. The molecular mechanism was explored by analyzing the mRNA of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1(CYP27B), cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1(CYP24A) and renin mRNA levels by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model was established successfully. Astragaloside administration significantly affected cell apoptosis and significantly inhibited ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in a dose-dependent manner. Astragaloside treatment affected the expression of signaling molecules in the vitamin D axis. CONCLUSION: Astragaloside inhibits ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This effect can be reversed by regulating the levels of the relevant factors in the vitamin D axis.

Inheritance And Development of Li Shizhen's Pinhu Maixue in Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulse Taking / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Pulse taking,with the unique characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),is one of the important parts of TCM diagnostic methods.It was formed in the clinical practice of TCM famous doctors during the past dynasties.Also,it is an important means of understanding and determining disease and syndrome for TCM practitioners.Pinhu Maixue,a TCM classic of pulse taking which inheriting the traditional pulse taking theory and combining with clinical experience,was written by famous doctor Li Shizhen in the Jiajing Jiazi period of the Ming Dynasty.It has made an important contribution to the inheritance and development of TCM pulse taking.In this article,in order to provide ideas for a comprehensive understanding of the development process of TCM pulse taking,the inheritance and development of Pinhu Maixue from the academic thought of Huangdi Neijing,Nan Jing and Mai Jing was summarized,the academic characteristics of Pinhu Maixue were systematically elaborated,the influence of Pinhu Maixue on the thought of pulse taking and guiding significance of contemporary Chinese medicine clinical practice were analyzed.Thus,it has certain significance to study the academic thought and value of Pinhu Maixue.

Research Development on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects of Xiao-Yao Powder / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Depression and anxiety is one of common mental illness that are being seriously harm to the physical and mental health of human being in recent years.Depression and anxiety are difficult to be well treated with a single and targeted drug,owing to its biological-psychological-social interaction pathogenic feature.Due to its own multicomponent characteristics,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound Xiao-Yao (XY) powder can exert the antidepression and anxiety effects from multi-level,multi-link and multi-target.Based on previous studies on effect and mechanism of XY powder on anti-depression and anxiety of our group,we proposed that XY powder had two main characteristics when treating depression and anxiety,which were "two-way adjustment" and "multi-target,multisystem,multi-level".Additionally,to further clarify the pharmacodynamic material basis of XY powder,more importance is that we should depend on the variety of disciplinary research methods,focused on the TCM syndrome and the combination of disease and TCM syndrome,brought both disease evaluation and syndrome evaluation method,took the importance of gut-brain axis (GBA),and combined with the correlation between the formula and the syndrome.

Discussion on Modern Biological Basis of Liver-qi Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome can be seen in a variety of clinical diseases,such as chronic hepatitis,liver cirrhosis,chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),p.sychosis and so on.Disease characteristics determine the symptom characteristic and criterion of syndrome differentiation and treatment.Therefore,different diseases with liver-qistagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome have different clinical manifestation and diagnostic criteria.This paper summarized the modern biological basis of liver-qistagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome from the nervous system,endocrine system,digestive system,circulatory system,immune system and metabolic system,in order to provide reference for researches on modern biology basis of liver-qistagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome.

Relationship between Stress, Neurogliocyte Function and Regulating Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This paper was aimed to summarize functional and morphologic changes of neurogliocytes exposure to stress,and the regulating effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on functional and morphologic changes of neurogliocytes,in order to provide new ideas for mechanism development of stress pathogenesis and TCM regulating effect.

Review of Important Findings Based on Modern Research of Visceral Manifestations of Liver / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Liver is no longer the only organ in the concept of anatomy,but it is a concept that has some specific functions in the visceral manifestations of liver.Liver is wood in the five element theory.It is yang of yin.Liver qi connects to the spring qi.Therefore,the liver function is to dredge and smooth qi of the whole body,which influences the blood and body fluid operation,the operation of the spleen and stomach,emotional changes and reproductive function and many other aspects.Suwen said "liver stores blood",which means that liver has the function of storing,regulating and controlling blood."Liver corresponds to the spring",which means changes in four seasons can affect the function of organs,but also contain the disease occurrence with a seasonal concept,which is an important part of visceral manifestation of liver.Modern medical research achieved some results from the nerve-endocrine-immune network,traditional four-axis,liver-blood vessels as the starting point for the liver as the theoretical mechanism of in-depth study.It was found that depression due to liver failed in soothing was related to the central cortex,the marginal system and the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.The study covered neuropeptide and neurotrophic factor,monoamine neurotransmitter,central amino acid level,and etc.Liver stores blood,which is related to human coagulation system,EPO pathway and hemorheology.Liver corresponds to the spring,which is related to the neuroendocrine-immune network.And the pineal gland may be the highest regulatory site.At present stage,the study was conducted on the microcosmic mechanism of liver visceral manifestations from the gene and protein level.It was used to verify the regulation of liver function abnormality caused by the regulation of liver function in order to greatly explore the biological basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory.

Etiology, Pathology and Prospects of TCM in Osteoporosis Treatment / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic disease. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), deficiency of the liver, spleen and kidney and blood stasis can induce osteoporosis. The main etiology was kidney deficiency which harmed the liver and spleen and causeqi-blood deficiency and blood stasis. The insufficiency of natural endowment and postnatal malnutrition caused poor nutrition of tendons and vessels, which induced debility of bone. This article discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM understanding on osteoporosis in details. Opportunities and challenges of TCM in osteoporosis treatment were explored. The homology of Chinese medicine and food as well as the long-term of osteoporosis showed that TCM had incomparable superiority in osteoporosis treatment. While, the scientific research methods and reasonable evaluation of TCM safety were important to display its advantages in osteoporosis treatment.

Application of Xiang-thinking in Formation of Liver Manifestation Theory / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Xiang-thinking is the main way of thinking in the form of traditional Chinese culture, which included Xiang and thinking. In viscera theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formation, Xiang-thinking has run through and played a role in pushing forward on the formation of manifestation theories. Among five internal organs, take liver as an example. The formation of the liver manifestation is through the description of the liver and intuitive form and structure of the object, which were on the basis of the extract of abstract thinking, and the summarization on rules of the process. In this paper, the formation of liver manifestation theory was taken as an example to discuss the application of Xiang-thinking in formation of liver manifestation theory.

Central neurobiological mechanism of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome based on chronic stress: a review / 中西医结合学报

Some researchers focus on research of the nature of syndromes. The methods of combining traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and diseases and the correspondence between formulas and syndromes may be used in research of the nature of syndromes. According to combined theories of zang-organ state and seven emotions in traditional Chinese medicine with stress theory in modern medicine, the authors applied the methods of chronic immobilization stress to induce liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in rats based on the thinking of relativity on formula and syndrome. The research showed that the central neurobiology mechanism of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome closely correlates to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain-gut axis, myriad central neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones and their receptors, involving in many encephalic regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, amygdale, etc. The authors will combine their previous work with multi-disciplinary research, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics in future studies, to reveal the scientific connotations of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome.

Metabonomic study of syndrome of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency in rats / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes of the plasma metabolic phenotype in rats with chronic restraint stress (rats with syndrome of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency), so as to reveal the biological features of the syndrome of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency, and to examine potential application of metabonomic analysis in studies of syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A, 7 d normal control group; group B, 21 d normal control group; group C, 7 d stress group; and group D, 21 d stress group, with 6 rats in each group. Chronic restraint was used to induce stress in rats. Blood was collected from the cardio-ventricle under anesthesia on the 8th (groups A and C) or 22nd day (groups B and D) and detected by using the Fourier variable superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer (Varian UnityInova 600 M). Free induction decay signals were transferred into one-dimensional NMR spectrogram via 32 k Fourier transformation. Segmental integral calculus (0.04 ppm per segment) was performed from 4.5-0.5 ppm (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill, CPMG) or 6.0-0 ppm (longitudinal eddy-delay, LED) as defaulted 1H spectra values by using the VNMR software. Data were saved as text or excel files after normalization and then used for pattern recognition analyses. All the data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) using the SIMCA-P 10.0 software (Umetrics AB, Umea, Sweden). RESULTS: The PCA analysis of rat plasma (1)H NMR spectra revealed different metabolic spectra between stress and control groups, which were consistent with alterations of in vivo metabolisms in rats under stress stimuli. Compared with the normal control group, rats with repeated stress displayed significant changes in spectral peak shapes of acetate, lactate, tyrosine, low-density lipoprotein, and unknown compounds (3.44 ppm). These altered metabolites can be used as biomarkers of syndrome of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency for further studies. CONCLUSION: The (1)H NMR spectra of metabolites in the rat blood are differentially changed after chronic stress. Specific, characteristic metabolic products can be identified by analyses of metabonomics, which lead to interpretation of biological feature of Chinese medicine syndromes. Therefore, metabonomic analysis is an approach with good development prospects to studies of TCM syndromes.

Establishment of Chloasma Mouse Model with Syndrome of Liver-qi Stagnation and Comparative Study of It with Existent Models / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To establish and authenticate the chloasma mouse model with syndrome of liver-qi stagnation,and compare it with other existent models.Method: After the injection of progesterone,chronically constrained them and gave them partially ultraviolet radiation.Results: Multiple models of progesterone injection and ultraviolet radiation compounding with chronic constraint can heighten MDA,depress SOD,and increase melanocytes of skin.Meanwhile,the ethology of this model showed it's syndrome of liver-qi stagnation.Conclusion: The multiple factor chloasma mouse model of liver-qi stagnation syndrome has been built successfully.

On folk pulse methods in TCM from hologram theory / 中华中医药杂志

Hologram is a theory to study the properties and laws of the world under a holographic interaction.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) shares many common fi elds with hologram theory.Although some originally diagnostic folk methods such as Zhejiang.sixian pulse theory,Kunlun?tianyuan pulse theory have been rarely known and have not been widely recognized in modern time,the diagnostic methods of Jiugong pulse and hologram pulse based on the two pulses theories have shown its uniqueness and effectiveness through hundreds of years of clinic practices.Based on holographic principles and holism,a physician can make diagnoses noninvasive,simple and rapid,which is benefi t for inheritance and development of TCM pulse methods.