Anticandida and antibiofilm activities of extract from Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. against Candida spp.

The pathogenic nature of infections caused by Candida spp. underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Extracts of Schinopsis brasilienses Engl are \ a promising source of agents with antifungal effects. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of the leaf extract of S. brasilienses. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and fungicide concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was assessed by counting colony-forming units/mL. The study examined the inhibition kinetics of fungal growth and potential synergism between gallic acid or the extract and nystatin using the Checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay. The extract exhibited antifungal effect against all tested strains, with MIC and MFC ranging from 31.25-250 µg/mL. Gallic acid, the main isolated compound, displayed a MIC of 2000 µg/mL. The extract of S. brasilienses at 31.25 µg/mL inhibited the formation of biofilm by C. albicans and significantly reduced the mass of mature biofilm after 24 and 48 h (p < 0. 05). At a concentration of 125 µg/mL, the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth after 6 hours. The combination of gallic acid or extract with nystatin did not exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the extract did not induce cytotoxicity to a human cell line. The extract of S. brasiliensis demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida, generally exhibiting fungicidal action and capacity to inhibit biofilm formation as well as reduce mature biofilms. Additionally, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to human cells.

Anticandida and antibiofilm activities of extract from Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. against Candida spp

Abstract The pathogenic nature of infections caused by Candida spp. underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Extracts of Schinopsis brasilienses Engl are / a promising source of agents with antifungal effects. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of the leaf extract of S. brasilienses. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and fungicide concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was assessed by counting colony-forming units/mL. The study examined the inhibition kinetics of fungal growth and potential synergism between gallic acid or the extract and nystatin using the Checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay. The extract exhibited antifungal effect against all tested strains, with MIC and MFC ranging from 31.25-250 μg/mL. Gallic acid, the main isolated compound, displayed a MIC of 2000 μg/mL. The extract of S. brasilienses at 31.25 μg/mL inhibited the formation of biofilm by C. albicans and significantly reduced the mass of mature biofilm after 24 and 48 h (p < 0. 05). At a concentration of 125 μg/mL, the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth after 6 hours. The combination of gallic acid or extract with nystatin did not exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the extract did not induce cytotoxicity to a human cell line. The extract of S. brasiliensis demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida, generally exhibiting fungicidal action and capacity to inhibit biofilm formation as well as reduce mature biofilms. Additionally, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to human cells.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Schinus terebinthifolius Mouthwash to Treat Biofilm-Induced Gingivitis.

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a Schinus terebinthifolius (ST) mouthwash in reducing gingival inflammation levels (GI) and biofilm accumulation (BA) in children with gingivitis. Methods. This was a randomized, controlled, triple blind, and phase II clinical trial, with children aged 9-13 years (n = 27) presenting with biofilm-induced gingivitis. The sample was randomized into experimental (0.3125% ST, n = 14) and control (0.12% chlorhexidine/CHX, n = 13) groups. Products were masked as regards color, flavor and aroma. Intervention protocol consisted in supervised rinsing of 10 mL/day for 01 minute for 10 days. Gingival bleeding and simplified oral hygiene indexes were used to assess the efficacy variables, measured at baseline and after intervention by calibrated examiners. Data were statistically treated with paired t-test, unpaired t-test, and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests ( α = .05). Results. It was found that both ST and CHX were able to significantly reduce GI levels after 10 days (P < 0.001) and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). CHX was the only product able to significantly reduce BA after 10 days when compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Conclusion. ST mouthwash showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (equivalent to CHX), but it was not able to reduce biofilm accumulation.

Atividades antibacteriana e antiaderente in vitro de tinturas de schinus terebinthinfolius (aroeira) e solidago microglossa (arnica) frente a bactérias formadoras do biofilme dentário. (AU) / In vitro antibacterial and antiadherent activities of tinctures from schinus terebinthifolius (aroeira) and solidago microglossa (arnica) on dental biofilm forming bacteria

O uso de produtos naturais na odontologia constitui alternativa viável e eficaz na prevenção e combate de diversas patologias da cavidade oral. Inúmeros produtos com ação terapêutica tem sido relatados na literatura; dentre eles, destacam-se a aroeira e a arnica. Foi propósito deste estudo avaliar in vitro as atividades antibacteriana e antiaderente das tinturas de schinus terebinthinfolius (aroeira) solidago microglossa (arnica) frente streptococcus mutans e lactobacillus casei. A atividade antibacteriana foi determinada pela Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) do crescimento bacteriano através da microdiluição. A atividade antiaderente foi estabelecida pela Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) da bactéria a tubos de vidro, na preença de sacarose a 5%. As linhagens bacterianas de S. mutans e L. casei mostraram-se susceptíveis à ação das tinturas avaliadas. Em relação à CIM, observaram-se valores mais expressivos dos produtos sobre o L. casei, apresentando a aroeira a menor CIM (1,562 mg / mL). Em relação a CIMA, pode-se perceber que a aroeira apresentou resultados mais satisfatórios frente a S. mutans, pois foi capaz de inibir a aderência bacteriana de vidro, estando em uma menor concentração (0,892 mg/mL). Assim, pode-se concluir que as tinturas avaliadas apresentaram, in vitro, atividades antibacteriana e antiaderente frente aos microrganismos testados.

The use of natural products in dentistry is a viable and effective alternative in preventing and fighting several diseases of the oral cavity. Numerous products with therapeutic effects have been reported in the literature, among them aroeira and arnica. This study aimedto evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antiadherent action of tinctures from Schinus terebinthinfolius (aroeira) and Solidago microglossa (arnica) against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus casei. The antibacterial action was determined by the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of bacterial growth, through microdilution method. The antiadherent activity was established by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence (MICA) of the bacterium to glass tubes, in presence of sucrose at 5%. The bacterial strains were shown to be susceptible to the action of the tinctures evaluated. In relation to MIC, therewere more expressive values of the products against L. casei, exposing aroeira the lowest MIC (1.562 mg/mL). In relation to MICA, it was found that aroeira showed more satisfactory results on S. mutans, because it was able to inhibit bacterial adhesion to glass, even being in a lower concentration (0.892 mg/mL). Therefore, the tinctures evaluated showed in vitro antibacterial and antiadherent actions against tested microrganisms.

Atividades antibacteriana e antiaderente in vitro de tinturas de schinus terebinthinfolius (aroeira) e solidago microglossa (arnica) frente a bactérias formadoras do biofilme dentário. / In vitro antibacterial and antiadherent activities of tinctures from schinus terebinthifolius (aroeira) and solidago microglossa (arnica) on dental biofilm forming bacteria

O uso de produtos naturais na odontologia constitui alternativa viável e eficaz na prevenção e combate de diversas patologias da cavidade oral. Inúmeros produtos com ação terapêutica tem sido relatados na literatura; dentre eles, destacam-se a aroeira e a arnica. Foi propósito deste estudo avaliar in vitro as atividades antibacteriana e antiaderente das tinturas de schinus terebinthinfolius (aroeira) solidago microglossa (arnica) frente streptococcus mutans e lactobacillus casei. A atividade antibacteriana foi determinada pela Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) do crescimento bacteriano através da microdiluição. A atividade antiaderente foi estabelecida pela Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) da bactéria a tubos de vidro, na preença de sacarose a 5%. As linhagens bacterianas de S. mutans e L. casei mostraram-se susceptíveis à ação das tinturas avaliadas. Em relação à CIM, observaram-se valores mais expressivos dos produtos sobre o L. casei, apresentando a aroeira a menor CIM (1,562 mg / mL). Em relação a CIMA, pode-se perceber que a aroeira apresentou resultados mais satisfatórios frente a S. mutans, pois foi capaz de inibir a aderência bacteriana de vidro, estando em uma menor concentração (0,892 mg/mL). Assim, pode-se concluir que as tinturas avaliadas apresentaram, in vitro, atividades antibacteriana e antiaderente frente aos microrganismos testados.

The use of natural products in dentistry is a viable and effective alternative in preventing and fighting several diseases of the oral cavity. Numerous products with therapeutic effects have been reported in the literature, among them aroeira and arnica. This study aimedto evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antiadherent action of tinctures from Schinus terebinthinfolius (aroeira) and Solidago microglossa (arnica) against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus casei. The antibacterial action was determined by the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of bacterial growth, through microdilution method. The antiadherent activity was established by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence (MICA) of the bacterium to glass tubes, in presence of sucrose at 5%. The bacterial strains were shown to be susceptible to the action of the tinctures evaluated. In relation to MIC, therewere more expressive values of the products against L. casei, exposing aroeira the lowest MIC (1.562 mg/mL). In relation to MICA, it was found that aroeira showed more satisfactory results on S. mutans, because it was able to inhibit bacterial adhesion to glass, even being in a lower concentration (0.892 mg/mL). Therefore, the tinctures evaluated showed in vitro antibacterial and antiadherent actions against tested microrganisms.

Avaliação in vivo de dentifrício contendo extrato da Eugenia uniflora L. (Pitanga) sobre indicadores de saúde bucal / In vivo evaluation of a dentifrice containing Eugenia uniflora L. extract, on the oral health indicators

Objetivo: Avaliar in vivo o efeito do uso de um dentifrício contendo o extrato hidroalcoólico do fruto maduro da Eugenia uniflora L. (Pitanga) sobre indicadores de saúde bucal. Método: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico aleatório, com uma amostra de 40 universitários de 21 a 24 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: G1- 20 universitários que utilizaram o dentifrício a base do extrato hidroalcoólico do fruto maduro da Eugenia uniflora L. (Pitanga) a 3%; e G2 - 20 universitários que utilizaram dentifrício da Colgate Total 12® (grupo controle). Os participantes usaram os dentifrícios durante 22 dias consecutivos, tendo sido mensurados os índices de acúmulo de biofilme (IHO-S), doença gengival (ISG) e contagem de S. mutans salivar, nos tempos (t1) antes do uso, (t2) 15 dias de uso e (t3) 22 dias de uso dos produtos. Os dados foram analisados através do teste estatístico de t de Student. Resultados: As médias encontradas em t1, t2 e t3 para o G1 foram, respectivamente, IHO-S: 0,75/ 0,55/ 0,47; ISG: 2,96/ 1,86/ 1,35; UFC/mL: 1,69 x 104 / 1,45 x 104 / 1,33 x 104; para G2: IHO-S: 0,61/ 0,52/ 0,42; ISG: 1,94/ 1,62/ 1,20; UFC/mL: 1,84 x 104 / 1,47 x 104 / 1,36 x 104. Observou-se redução estatisticamente significante entre os tempos t1 e t3 em ambos os grupo para os índices IHO-S, ISG e UFC/mL pelo teste t Student (p<0,01). Ao comparar os grupos G1 e G2, constatou-se diferença estatística apenas para o ISG (p<0,01). Conclusão: O dentifrício contendo o extrato hidroalcoólico do fruto maduro da Eugenia uniflora L. (Pitanga) possui eficácia semelhante ao dentifrício da Colgate Total 12® (grupo controle).

Objective: To assess in vivo the effect of using a dentifrice containing hydroalcoholic extract of the ripe fruit of Eugenia uniflora L. on the oral health indicators. Method: A random clinical trial was performed with 40 male and female undergraduate dental students aged 21 to 24 years. The students were assigned to two groups: G1 - 20 students that used the dentifrice containing 3% hydroalcoholic extract of the ripe fruit of Eugenia uniflora L., and G2 - 20 students that used Colgate Total 12® dentifrice (control group). The participants used the dentifrices during 22 consecutive days and the following indicators were measured at t1 (before the use of dentifrice), t2 (after 15 days of use) and t3 (after 22 days of use): biofilm accumulation (OHI-S), gingival disease (GBI) and salivary S. mutans count (cfu/mL). Data were analyzed by the Student's t-test. Results: Means at t1, t2 and t3 for G1 were, respectively: OHI-S: 0.75/ 0.55/ 0.47; GBI: 2.96/ 1.86/ 1.35; cfu/mL: 1.69 x 104 / 1.45 x 104 / 1.33 x 104; for G2 were: OHI-S: 0.61/ 0.52/ 0.42; GBI: 1.94/ 1.62/ 1.20; cfu/mL: 1.84 x 104 / 1.47 x 104 / 1.36 x 104. There was a statistically significant decrease of OHI-S, GBI and cfu/mL from t1 to t3 for both groups (p<0.01). Comparing the groups, there was statistically significant difference only for GBI (p<0.01). Conclusion: The dentifrice containing hydroalcoholic extract of the ripe fruit of Eugenia uniflora L. presented similar efficacy to that of Colgate Total 12® dentifrice (control group).