RESUMEN
In Japan, the Japanese Society for Psoriasis Research (JSPR) has been conducting annual epidemiological surveys of patients with psoriasis since 1982. The aim of this study was to conduct a recent epidemiological analysis of the psoriasis patients who were enrolled in the JSPR from 2013 to 2018. A total of 15 287 cases were enrolled from 132 medical institutions, out of which 65.3% (9989 cases) were male and 34.7% (5298 cases) were female. Approximately 50.0% of the cases had past history and comorbidities, such as hypertension (42.0%), dyslipidemia (30.0%), diabetes mellitus (23.7%), hyperuricemia (15.1%), cardiovascular disease (6.0%), and cerebral vascular disorders (6.0%). There was a yearly increase in the use of corticosteroid/vitamin D3 combinations and apremilast for treating psoriasis. In contrast, the use of phototherapy gradually decreased. From 2013 to 2018, approximately 18.6% of the cases were treated with biologics, such as infliximab (17.6%), adalimumab (23.3%), ustekinumab (21.4%), secukinumab (11.6%), ixekizumab (7.6%), brodalumab (6.3%), and guselkumab (4.3%). In the past decade, the biologics have changed the treatment and management of psoriasis. This survey includes significant information regarding the recent perspective of psoriasis in the Japanese Society, especially focusing on the treatment trends after the introduction of biologics.
Asunto(s)
Psoriasis , Adalimumab , Femenino , Humanos , Infliximab , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Psoriasis/epidemiología , UstekinumabRESUMEN
Extracellular ATP is known to promote Th17 cell differentiation in the intestinal lamina propria by stimulating CD70+CD11clow dendritic cells (DCs) via P2X receptors (P2XRs). Recent studies have also shown that Th17 cells enhance antitumor immunity by directly promoting proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). These finding led us to test a P2XR agonist, αß-methylene ATP (αß-ATP), as a mucosal vaccine adjuvant to promote CTL responses through Th17 induction. We demonstrated that (i) CD70+CD11clow DCs were present in the nasal lamina propria and expressed P2X1R, P2X2R and P2X4R; (ii) CD70+CD11clow DCs isolated from the nasal lamina propria enhanced Th17 cell differentiation of cocultured splenic CD4+ T cells upon stimulation with αß-ATP; (iii) mice intranasally immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and αß-ATP had increased OVA-specific Th17 cells and CTLs in the nasal lamina propria and regional lymph nodes; (iv) mice intranasally immunized with OVA and αß-ATP also had elevated resistance to E.G7-OVA tumor growth compared with those intranasally immunized with OVA alone; (v) suramin, a broad-range inhibitor of P2 receptors, suppressed the increases of OVA-specific Th17 cells and CTLs in mice intranasally immunized with OVA and αß-ATP; and (vi) suramin also abrogated the enhanced antitumor immunity of mice intranasally immunized with OVA and αß-ATP against E.G7-OVA. Collectively, αß-ATP may be a promising mucosal adjuvant that promotes antigen-specific CTL responses via CD70+CD11clow DC-mediated Th17 induction.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes de Vacunas/uso terapéutico , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Melanoma Experimental/terapia , Ovalbúmina/administración & dosificación , Agonistas del Receptor Purinérgico P2X/farmacología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunología , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Animales , Ligando CD27/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/inmunología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inmunización , Mucosa Intestinal/citología , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Melanoma Experimental/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Antagonistas del Receptor Purinérgico P2X/farmacología , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X/inmunología , Suramina/farmacología , Células Th17/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which inflammatory cytokines play a major role in its pathogenesis. Because DDH-1, a novel amphipathic ascorbic acid derivative, has been recently shown to reduce inflammatory cytokine expression in human keratinocytes in vitro, we investigated its effect on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in C57BL/6 mice. We first found that IL-1ß and TNF-α mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the skin lesions treated with DDH-1. Furthermore, cutaneous administration of DDH-1 ameliorated psoriasis-like skin lesions. These results suggest that DDH-1 may be effective in the prevention and supplemental treatment of psoriasis.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Citocinas/inmunología , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Citocinas/genética , Femenino , Imiquimod , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Psoriasis/inmunología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The chemokine receptor XCR1 is known to be selectively expressed by cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), while its ligand XCL1/lymphotactin is mainly produced by activated CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. Recent studies have shown that XCL1-antigen fusion proteins efficiently induce CD8+ T cell responses by preferentially delivering antigens to XCR1+ DCs. However, XCL1 per se was found to be a poor adjuvant for induction of CD8+ T cell responses. XCL1 is unique because of its lack of one of the two disulfide bonds commonly conserved in all other chemokines and thus has an unstable structure with a relatively weak chemokine activity. In the present study, we generated a variant form of murine XCL1 termed mXCL1-V21C/A59C that contained a second disulfide bond to stabilize its chemokine structure. We confirmed that mXCL1-V21C/A59C had much more potent chemotactic and calcium mobilization activities than the wild type XCL1 (mXCL1-WT). Intradermal injection of mXCL1-V21C/A59C, but not that of mXCL1-WT, significantly increased the accumulation of XCR1+CD103+ DCs in the injection site, and most of the accumulated XCR1+CD103+ DCs were found to take up co-injected ovalbumin (OVA). Furthermore, recruited XCR1+CD103+ DCs efficiently migrated to the draining lymph nodes and stayed for a prolonged period of time. Consequently, mXCL1-V21C/A59C strongly induced OVA-specific CD8+ T cells. The combination of OVA and mXCL1-V21C/A59C well protected mice from E.G7-OVA tumor growth in both prophylactic and therapeutic protocols. Finally, memory CTL responses were efficiently induced in mice immunized with OVA and mXCL1-V21C/A59C. Although intradermal injection of OVA and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) as an adjuvant also induced CD8+ T cell responses to OVA, poly (I:C) poorly recruited XCR1+CD103+ DCs in the injection site and failed to induce significant memory CTL responses to OVA. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that a highly active form of XCL1 is a promising vaccine adjuvant for cross-presenting DCs to induce antigen-specific effector and memory CD8+ T cells.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Quimiocinas C/inmunología , Reactividad Cruzada/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Memoria Inmunológica/inmunología , Linfocinas/inmunología , Sialoglicoproteínas/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Animales , Antígenos/inmunología , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Calcio/inmunología , Línea Celular , Reactividad Cruzada/efectos de los fármacos , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos , Cadenas alfa de Integrinas/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Ovalbúmina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Since 1982, the Japanese Society for Psoriasis Research has conducted annual epidemiological surveys of patients with psoriasis. Kawada et al. have reported data for 1982-2001 and Takahashi et al. have reported data for 2002-2008. The present study evaluated 9290 psoriatic cases according to age and sex (2009-2012). The male : female ratio was 2.08:1 (6281 male patients [67.6%] to 3009 female patients [32.4%]). The most prevalent type was psoriasis vulgaris (85.6% of all cases), which was followed by psoriasis arthropathica (6.0%), psoriasis guttate acuta (3.2%), Zumbusch-type generalized pustular psoriasis (1.8%) and psoriasis erythroderma (1.5%). Psoriasis vulgaris was the most prevalent type for all ages, while psoriasis arthropathica and psoriasis guttate acuta were most prevalent among patients aged less than 65 years. The present survey detected an increased number of cases with comorbid diabetes and/or arthritis symptoms compared with the previous surveys. We found that treatments frequently involved topical corticosteroids (89.7% of cases) and vitamin D3 ointments (78.0% of cases), with a notable increase in the use of vitamin D3 ointments. Systemic treatments were used in 33.3% of cases, including cyclosporin (33.6%), etretinate (19.5%), methotrexate (8.6%), infliximab (11.4%), adalimumab (10.9%) and ustekinumab (6.2%). Phototherapy was used in 30.9% of cases. Although psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy was the predominant phototherapy during previous studies, the present survey revealed that narrowband ultraviolet B therapy was used in 84.5% of phototherapy-treated cases. Thus, the present survey revealed major changes in treatment trends.
Asunto(s)
Artritis/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Psoriasis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Edad de Inicio , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Comorbilidad , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Psoriasis/terapia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Sexuales , Terapia Ultravioleta/métodos , Terapia Ultravioleta/estadística & datos numéricos , Terapia Ultravioleta/tendencias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A local epidemiological survey of psoriasis was conducted from 19 February to 30 June 2016 in Matsumoto city, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Patients were predominantly male (268 cases, 71.5% males vs 107 cases, 28.5% females). We estimated that the prevalence of psoriasis was 0.097% in the Matsumoto area. The clinical types of psoriasis identified were psoriasis vulgaris (90.7%), psoriatic arthritis (5.9%), pustular psoriasis (2.1%), guttate psoriasis (1.0%) and psoriatic erythroderma (0.3%). The topical therapeutic agents included corticosteroids (84.0%), vitamin D3 analogs (61.5%), and a combination of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate (31.0%). Current systemic treatments included cyclosporin (9.0%), etretinate (7.4%) and methotrexate (1.3%). Biologic treatments included adalimumab (4.0%), ustekinumab (2.7%), infliximab (1.3%) and secukinumab (0.8%). Ultraviolet B therapy (11.3%) was the predominant phototherapy in which narrow band ultraviolet B therapy accounted for the majority, followed by psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy (1.0%). According to the recent evolution of psoriasis treatment, the use of biologics has been increasing. This study demonstrates the changes of treatment trends of psoriasis in a non-metropolitan regional area.
Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Psoriasis/epidemiología , Terapia Ultravioleta/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Psoriasis/terapia , Terapia Ultravioleta/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The standard management of acne vulgaris in Japan includes a combination of topical treatment with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and BPO/clindamycin (CLDM), topical adapalene and systemic antimicrobials. However, the treatment of therapy-resistant complications such as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), erosions with inflamed red papules and atrophic scars has not been established. We performed chemical peeling with glycolic acid and iontophoresis with ascorbyl 2-phosphate 6-palmitate and DL-α-tocopherol phosphate for the treatment of PIH, erosions with inflamed red papules and non-inflamed atrophic scars in 31 patients with acne vulgaris (mild to severe severity), and evaluated the efficacy and safety of these interventions. In most of cases, there was remarkable improvement in PIH and erosions with inflamed red papules after treatment. There was also some improvement in non-inflamed atrophic scars without erythema. Mild redness and irritation was observed in four cases as adverse reactions. Early initial treatment of PIH and erosions with red papules by chemical peeling and iontophoresis is an effective and safe method to prevent the formation of atrophic scars in patients with acne vulgaris.
Asunto(s)
Acné Vulgar/complicaciones , Acné Vulgar/terapia , Quimioexfoliación/efectos adversos , Cicatriz/terapia , Eritema/terapia , Hiperpigmentación/terapia , Iontoforesis/efectos adversos , Adapaleno/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Atrofia , Peróxido de Benzoílo/uso terapéutico , Cicatriz/patología , Clindamicina/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Glicolatos/administración & dosificación , Glicolatos/efectos adversos , Glicolatos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven , alfa-Tocoferol/administración & dosificación , alfa-Tocoferol/efectos adversos , alfa-Tocoferol/análogos & derivados , alfa-Tocoferol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 1450-nm diode laser on acne scars in Asian patients. BACKGROUND DATA: Acne and acne scars affect individuals during puberty and adolescence, and decrease their quality of life. METHODS: An open study was performed on 24 Japanese patients (17 female and 7 male, aged 15-44 years) with acne scars on the face treated with five sessions of low-energy double-pass 1450-nm diode laser at 4-week intervals. The mean duration of the acne scars prior to receiving laser therapy was 4.8 years (range 1-9). Clinical evaluation by physicians and with photographs was conducted at baseline, 1 month after the final treatment, and at a 3-month follow-up visit. Topical therapies for acne vulgaris were permitted during the follow-up period. RESULTS: All patients completed the five treatment sessions. Seventy-five percent of the subjects showed at least 30% improvement of acne scars. At the 3-month follow-up evaluation, 92.9% of the subjects with >30% improvement maintained the effectiveness. Vesicle formation and transient hyperpigmentation also occurred in one case. CONCLUSIONS: The 1450-nm diode laser therapy was effective and well-tolerated in patients with acne scars, suggesting that this may be an appropriate modality for treating facial acne scars.
Asunto(s)
Cicatriz/radioterapia , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Acné Vulgar/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico , Cicatriz/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment, as a nonablative phototherapy, is known to improve various signs of facial photoaging skin, e.g., solar lentigines, fine wrinkles, and telangiectasias. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of IPL with a 515-nm filter in patients with solar lentigines on the back of hands. An open study was performed in 31 patients who were treated with a 1-month interval up to five times. Sixty-two percent of patients had more than 50% improvement and 23% had more than 75% improvement. No patients discontinued due to adverse effects, and no patients showed hyperpigmentation or scarring after the treatments. Phototherapy using this IPL source was effective and well tolerated in the patients, suggesting that this phototherapy may be an appropriate modality for the treatment of solar lentigines of the hands.
Asunto(s)
Lentigo/terapia , Fototerapia/métodos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Mano , Humanos , Japón , Lentigo/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fototerapia/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Melanosis/terapia , Fototerapia , Anciano , Cara , Femenino , Humanos , Fototerapia/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Unsatisfactory efficacy of current treatments for advanced lung cancer has prompted the search for new therapies, with sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, being one candidate drug. This phase I trial was conducted to evaluate drug safety and pharmacokinetics as well as tumor response of sorafenib in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Eligible patients received paclitaxel (200 mg/m(2)) and carboplatin (area under the curve [AUC]of 6 mg min mL(-1)) on day 1 and sorafenib (400 mg, twice daily) on days 2 through 19 of a 21-day cycle. RESULTS: Four of the initial six patients (cohort 1) experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), resulting in amendment of the treatment protocol. An additional seven patients (cohort 2) were enrolled, two of whom developed DLTs. DLTs included erythema multiforme, hand-foot skin reaction, and elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase in cohort 1 as well as gastrointestinal perforation at a site of metastasis and pneumonia in cohort 2. Most adverse events were manageable. One complete and six partial responses were observed among the 12 evaluable patients. Coadministration of the three drugs had no impact on their respective pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed that sorafenib at 400 mg once daily in combination with carboplatin AUC 5 mg min mL(-1) and paclitaxel 200 mg/m(2) is feasible in Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC. The results of this study also showed that this combination therapy had encouraging antitumor activity and was not associated with relevant pharmacokinetic interaction in Japanese NSCLC patients.
Asunto(s)
Bencenosulfonatos/farmacocinética , Bencenosulfonatos/uso terapéutico , Carboplatino/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Bencenosulfonatos/administración & dosificación , Bencenosulfonatos/efectos adversos , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Carboplatino/efectos adversos , Carboplatino/farmacocinética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Demografía , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Paclitaxel/efectos adversos , Paclitaxel/farmacocinética , Compuestos de Fenilurea , Piridinas/administración & dosificación , Piridinas/efectos adversos , Radiografía , Sorafenib , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Profesional/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a la Nuez/diagnóstico , Aceites de Plantas/efectos adversos , Muslo , Adulto , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Dermatitis Profesional/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Hipersensibilidad a la Nuez/etiología , Pruebas del Parche/métodosRESUMEN
Topical Chinese medicines are used for skin disorders as traditional medicine in Japan. We describe a case of allergic contact dermatitis from a topical Chinese medicine, shi-un-ko.
Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Medicina Tradicional China/efectos adversos , Aceite de Sésamo/efectos adversos , Administración Tópica , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas del Parche , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Piel/patologíaRESUMEN
Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy improves various clinical symptoms of photoaging skin. In this study we have investigated clinical effects of a novel IPL, Lumenis One (LUMENIS, Tokyo) on facial pigmentary lesions in 18 Japanese female patients. Measurement was performed after 3-5 treatments. IPL showed marked and slight improvements in 28 and 39%, respectively. The data of melanin index demonstrated the improvement after IPL therapy. These results indicated that IPL therapy using Lumenis One may be useful to treat solar lentigines and ephelides on the face.
Asunto(s)
Fototerapia/métodos , Trastornos de la Pigmentación/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Cara , Femenino , Humanos , Lentigo/terapia , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Recently, we reported an evaluation method with computer analysis of the video-captured digital image for whitening effects of cosmetics. In this study we have developed a new evaluation method of change of skin color using Robo Skin Analyzer that analyzes digital-camera-captured image. We have also investigated whitening effects of an intense pulsed light (IPL), NatuLight (LUMENIS, Tokyo), on skin color of the face in 27 Japanese female patients. Measurement was performed after three to five treatments. Whitening effects were evaluated in pigmentary and normal areas. IPL showed improvement in Value data (lightness) of the pigmentary and normal areas. In 16 (59%) of 27 patients IPL had whitening effects on the pigmentary lesions. In 18 (66%) of 27 patients IPL also demonstrated whitening effects on normal skin. Fourteen patients (52%) showed whitening effects both on pigmentary and normal areas. These results indicated that IPL therapy may have a whitening effect both on pigmentary and normal areas of the face. This novel method may be useful to evaluate the whitening effect of phototherapy and color change of cutaneous disorders.
Asunto(s)
Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Fototerapia/métodos , Trastornos de la Pigmentación/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Objective methods of measuring skin color are needed to evaluate pigmentary lesions quantitatively. We have developed a new method of measuring skin color using a plastic bar system called the Skin Tone Color Scale based on Munsell's color space system. We have also evaluated the effectiveness of various therapies using this measurement system. Our system was designed to measure skin color in normal skin, pigmentary lesions of solar lentigo, chloasma and ephelides, and postinflammatory pigmentation. Moreover, effectiveness of various therapies for these pigmentary lesions was evaluated. The evaluations made with this system were closely related to physician assessment. This method may be useful in measuring of skin color and evaluating the effectiveness of therapies for pigmentary diseases.
Asunto(s)
Dermatología/métodos , Hiperpigmentación/diagnóstico , Pigmentación de la Piel , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Cara/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperpigmentación/terapia , Terapia por Láser , Lentigo/diagnóstico , Lentigo/terapia , Melanosis/diagnóstico , Melanosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fototerapia/métodos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Ácido Tranexámico/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of phototherapy with a newly-developed 1450-nm diode laser in patients with mild to moderate acne. An open study was performed in acne patients who were treated up to five times with a two week interval. Acne lesions were reduced by 63%. Only one patient discontinued treatment due to vesicle formation as an adverse effect. Phototherapy using this diode laser source was effective and well tolerated in acne patients, suggesting that this phototherapy may be a new modality for the treatment of acne.
RESUMEN
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) convert arginine residues in proteins into citrullines. They are suspected to be involved in multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis pathophysiology, and they play a role in epidermis homeostasis and possibly in regulation of gene expression through histone modification. In humans, four isoforms encoded by the genes PADI1-4 are known so far. We here report the characterization and comparative analysis of the human (355 kb) and mouse (240 kb) PAD gene clusters on chromosomes 1p35-36 and 4E1, respectively. We characterized an as yet unknown human PADI6 gene, and cloned the corresponding cDNA encoding a 694-amino-acid protein. RT-PCR analysis showed a rather restricted pattern of tissue-specific expression, mainly in ovary, testis and peripheral blood leukocytes. Nucleotide substitution rates suggest that PADI genes are under purifying selection. Comparative analysis of the human and mouse sequences identified 251 conserved non-coding segments predominantly clustered within the promoter regions, the large (>10 kb) first intron of each of the genes PADI1-3, and an 8 kb PADI1-2 intergenic region. The presence of numerous transcription factor binding sites suggests the segments are putative regulatory elements. This study is the first description of the human PADI6 gene and encoded protein, and the first step towards a better understanding of the coordinated regulation of PADI gene expression.
Asunto(s)
Hidrolasas/genética , Familia de Multigenes/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Secuencia Conservada/genética , ADN/química , ADN/genética , ADN Complementario/química , ADN Complementario/genética , Exones , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Genes/genética , Humanos , Intrones , Isoenzimas/genética , Masculino , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Arginina Deiminasa Proteína-Tipo 6 , Desiminasas de la Arginina Proteica , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Japanese Society for Psoriasis Research has conducted an annual survey of psoriasis patients in Japan from 1982 to 2001. OBJECTIVE: To perform the epidemiological study about a survey of psoriasis patients conducted in Japan for twenty years. METHODS: A sample of 28628 cases was collected from 148 dermatology centers throughout Japan. The reports from each center were analyzed. RESULTS: Males (65.8%) were predominant over females (34.2%) in number. The vast majority of cases (86.0%) had plaque-form of psoriasis vulgaris, and 812 cases (2.8%) showed guttate psoriasis. Psoriatic erythroderma (0.8%), generalized pustular psoriasis (0.9%), and localized pustular psoriasis (0.5%) were rare. Three hundred of the patients (1.0%) manifested psoriatic arthritis. Local corticosteroids (67.8%) were the most used modalities, whereas local vitamin D(3) preparations (2.4%) were rarely used. For photo-therapeutic treatments, topical (12.1%) and systemic (7.5%) PUVA were predominant over UVB therapy (0.5%). In systemic treatments, drugs from the herbal medicine was the first (14.2%), followed by etretinate (7.6%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (4.4%), oral corticosteroids (4.1%), methotrexate (2.8%), cyclosporine (1.6%), and anti-cancer drugs (1.4%). CONCLUSION: This survey was the first epidemiological study throughout Japan.
Asunto(s)
Psoriasis/epidemiología , Administración Tópica , Corticoesteroides/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Edad de Inicio , Colecalciferol/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psoriasis/clasificación , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Psoriasis/patología , Distribución por SexoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of phototherapy with a newly-developed high-intensity, enhanced, narrow-band, blue light source in patients with mild to moderate acne. An open study was performed in acne patients who were treated twice a week up to 5 weeks. Acne lesions were reduced by 64%. Two patients experienced dryness. No patient discontinued treatment due to adverse effects. In vitro investigation revealed that irradiation from this light source reduced the number of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), but not Staphylococcus epidermidis that were isolated from the acne patients. Phototherapy using this blue light source was effective and well tolerated in acne patients and had an ability to decrease numbers of P. acnes in vitro, suggesting that this phototherapy may be a new modality for the treatment of acne.