RESUMEN
Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common neonatal disorders. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of the pathologic and progressive indirect hyperbilirubinemia lead to neurological deficits, defined as bilirubin induced encephalopathy (BIE) (2). The incidence of this disorder in underdeveloped countries is much more than developed areas. All neonates with the risk factors for increased the blood level of indirect bilirubin are at risk for BIE, especially preterm neonates which are prone to low bilirubin kernicterus . BIE can be transient and acute (with early, intermediate and advanced phases)or be permanent, chronic and lifelong ( with tetrad of symptoms including visual (upward gaze palsy), auditory (sensory neural hearing loss), dental dysplasia abnormalities, and extrapyramidal disturbances (choreoathetosis cerebral palsy).Beside the abnormal neurologic manifestations of the jaundiced neonates ,brain MRI is the best imaging modality for the confirmation of the diagnosis. Although early treatment of extreme hyperbilirubinemia by phototherapy and exchange transfusion can prevent the BIE, unfortunately the chronic bilirubin encephalopathy does not have definitive treatment.
RESUMEN
The short term effects of waterborne cadmium (Cd(+2)) on the levels of serum parameters related to bone metabolism including calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P(i)) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) were studied. Fish were treated with varying concentrations of Cd(+2) (0.22, 1.1 and 2.2 mg l(-1)) daily for 14 days. The results obtained show that serum P(i) and ALP concentrations were elevated by increasing Cd(+2) concentration in water containing fish whereas serum Ca level was decreased. At the same time, the protective role of waterborne zinc (Zn(+2), 1 mg l(-1)) on the same parameters was also investigated. Results showing that daily treatment of fish with Zn(+2), increased the concentrations of Ca and ALP in serum by 2.07 and 1.86 fold and decreased serum P(i) level by 57.7% in comparison with Cd(+2) treatment. The combination of Cd(+2) and Zn(+2) on the same parameters was studied next. There was a significant (P < 0.05) elevation in serum Ca and ALP levels in comparison with Cd(+2) treatment. Decreasing in serum P(i) level was not significant in comparison with Cd(+2) treatments. The protective effect of Zn(+2) on Cd(+2) disturbances in serum parameters related to bone metabolism in this manuscript has been also discussed.