[Use of conjugated allergen-polymer vaccines (pollen allergens of new generation) for allergen-specific immunotherapy]. / Primenenie dlia spetsificheskoi allergennoi immunoterapii kon''iugirovannykh allergenopolimernykh vaktsin (pyl'tsvykh allergotropinov novoi generatsii).

AIM: To assess effectiveness of new pollen allergotropins for allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The allergotropins were produced basing on conjugation of pollen allergoids (timothy, birch, mugwort pollen) and polyelectrolite (polyoxidonium) with immunomodulating properties. Pollen allergotropins (timpol, berpol) were designed to treat pollenosis caused by sensitization to timothy and birch pollen. Pollen allergotropins were studied in ASI given to 140 patients with pollenosis and 10 patients with bronchial asthma. RESULTS: In the group of pollenosis patients with hypersensitivity to birch pollen the response to berpol was excellent in 55% patients (the disease symptoms disappeared, antihistamine drugs intake was stopped), good--in 33%, satisfactory--in 12%. Timpol produced a marked response in all the patients treated for hypersensitivity to timothy pollen. CONCLUSION: Pollen allergotropins have a high therapeutic effect under low risk of provoking reactions of anaphylactic type in patients on ASI.

[A competitive analysis of the specificity of natural antibodies to the epitope of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan: the glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide possessing adjuvant activity]. / Konkurentnyi analiz spetsifichnosti estestvennykh antitel k épitopu peptidoglikana kletochnoi stenki bakterii: gliukozaminilmuramil dipetidu, obladaiushchemu ad''iuvantnoi

Natural antibodies to glucosaminyl dipeptide (GMDP), a component of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan, isolated from the serum of normal donors by thermal extraction, are capable of cross reaction with the determinant of the glycan chain: tetrasaccharide consisting of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid. The intensity of the interaction of natural anti-GMDP antibodies with a specific ligand is considerably higher than with tetrasaccharide. Natural antibodies to tetrasaccharide possess the properties of heterologous antibodies, i.e. the intensity of their interaction with a specific ligand (GMDP) is considerably higher than with a homologous ligand. Suggestion is made that GMDP is the specific antigenic determinant of peptidoglycan to which antibodies are formed in process of natural immunization. These antibodies react with different intensity with homologous (GMDP) and related (tetrasaccharide) haptens.

[Development of new generation of vaccines based on structural conjugation of antigens and synthetic polymer immunomodulators]. / Razvitie vaktsin novogo pokoleniia na osnove strukturnogo ob"edinenia antigenov i sinteticheskikh polimernykh immunomoduliatorov.

The immunogenetic principle of creation of artificial antigens and vaccines possessing the abnormal immunogenecity and having capability to induce the high immune response in weakly reacting individuals have been suggested and proved by experiment. The vaccines of a new generation against the grippe pathogene, salmonellosis have been developed on the basis of this principle. In theory the methods of receiving allergovaccines for allergy disease therapy have been worked out and based.

Molecular bases for the construction of artificial immunogens and vaccines based on synthetic polyions.

The molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of synthetic polyions on immunogenesis are reviewed. The results of studies of principal properties of polyionic immunostimulators and of the cell responses to the action of these stimulants have been used to construct artificial antigen-polyion complexes with enhanced immunogenic properties. The immunizing properties of such macromolecular complexes, constructed with the use of bacterial or viral antigens, are analyzed.

Immunological properties of allergen chemically modified with synthetic copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and maleic anhydride.

Several conjugates of model allergen ovalbumin (OA) and the copolymer of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and maleic anhydride (VMA) modified with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (Acp) were prepared in different OA/Acp-VMA ratios. All conjugates were separated by ultrafiltration and analyzed by HPLC. Their compositions were determined by amino acid analysis and UV spectrometry. To detect immunogenicity, all conjugates were injected intraperitoneally into (CBAxC57BL/6)F1 mice three times in 3-week intervals in OA doses equivalent to 0.5, 10, and 100 micrograms/mouse. Only the conjugate containing 20%OA (OA(20%)-Acp-VMA) did not induce significant quantities of anti-OA IgE, but did induce anti-OA IgG antibodies in dose-dependent manner comparable to that of unmodified OA. Mixtures of OA and Acp-VMA or OA modified only with VMA without Acp activation with Acp induced dose-dependent anti-OA IgE and IgG antibody formation comparable to that of OA. Using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, RAST inhibition and leukocyte histamine release, a significant reduction of allergenicity was noted using OA(20%)-Acp-VMA. This conjugate stimulated activation of the OA-specific T-cell hybrid 3DO-548 comparable to that of unconjugated OA. During experimental allergen-specific hyposensitization with OA(20%)-Acp-VMA, suppression of anti-OA IgE response and elevation of anti-OA IgG responses were noted when compared with unmodified OA. Selective blockade of B-cell epitopes of allergen may occur using the carrier Acp-VMA to reduce allergenicity while not affecting T-cell epitopes, thereby preserving immunogenicity. This approach of chemical modification of allergen suggests new opportunities in the creation of preparations for allergen-specific immunotherapy.

[The protective effect of preparations made from plant seedlings in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection]. / Zashchitnyi éffekt preparatov iz prorostkov rastenii pri éksperimental'noi sinegnoinoi infektsii.

The influence of preparations obtained from oat and wheat seedlings (immunostimulating factors IF-1 and IF-2, respectively) on the natural resistance of mice to P. aeruginosa infection was studied. IF-1 and IF-2 were introduced intraperitoneally in a single injection in doses of 100 micrograms and 1000 micrograms per mouse 2 and 7 days prior to the inoculation of P. aeruginosa strain 8 in doses of 1 and 10 LD50. The presence of substances capable of stimulating the immunobiological reserves of the body in actively growing plants (seedlings) was shown.