Memory and cognition enhancing effects of combination of Melissa officinalis and Panax ginseng.

Melissa officinalis and Panax ginseng extracts were investigated to determine combinatorial effects on cognitive behaviors' of albino-rats. The study was prospective-experimental; lasted from June-2022 to March-2023. Learning and memory measurements were done by animal-models. Data analyzed by 22nd version of SPSS. In Passive-avoidance-test both doses of Melissa officinalis and Panax ginseng (100/100mg/kg and 200/200mg/kg) showed significant differences in number of acquisition-trial between groups (p<0.001); drug treated groups showed longer latency-period compared to control and scopolamine (p<0.001). In time-spent-in-dark-chamber treated groups spent less-time in dark-chamber as compared to control and scopolamine (p<0.001). In Morris-water-maze-task treatment groups (100/100mg/kg and 200/200mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.001) decrease in escape-latency compared with control and scopolamine. Spatial-memory-probe showed significant interaction between drugs and days (p<0.001); time-spent in platform region is significantly increased (p<0.001) in both treatment groups compared with control and scopolamine. 8-arm-radial-maze-test showed the significant increase (p<0.05) in total number of correct responses in treatment groups (100/100mg/kg and 200/200mg/kg) compared to control and scopolamine. In-vitro studies revealed acetyl-choline-esterase inhibition by 36.40% from Melissa officinalis and Panax ginseng combination. Study concluded that combination of M. officinalis and P. ginseng extracts may significantly improve the effects on memory and cognition.

Study on Allopathic and Alternative Treatments of Asthma and Factors Influencing Treatment Choices.

Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted; primary data were collected from asthmatic patients in different hospitals and clinics of allopathic, homeopathic, and herbal practitioners in Karachi, Pakistan. The study duration was from January 2020 to December 2020. Asthmatic patients aged over 13 years were selected for the study. A written informed consent was taken from the patients before the interview. Collected data were analyzed by the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 22. Result: Among 255 asthmatic patients; 51.4% (n = 131) were male and 48.6% (n = 124) were female. For control of acute attacks of asthma 88.2% (p = 0.0001) of patients significantly preferred allopathic treatment while 6.3% (p = 0.008) used homeopathic treatment and 5.5% chose herbal treatment. For maintenance of asthma, 78.8% (p = 0.0001) patients used allopathic treatment while 12.4% (p = 0.0001) homeopathic and 8.8% (p = 0.0001) patients used herbal treatment. About 63.4% (p = 0.0001) of the asthmatic patients used short-acting ß-2 agonists for managing acute asthmatic episodes while long-acting ß-2 agonists (p = 0.0001) and inhaled corticosteroids (p = 0.0001) were found to be the preferred medicines for maintenance therapy. Effectiveness of treatment (p = 0.004) and cost effectiveness (p = 0.0001) significantly act as contributing factors for the selection of the treatment. The majority of the patients were satisfied with their chosen treatments for control of asthmatic symptoms. Conclusion: Most asthmatic patients preferred allopathic treatment for the management of acute episodes and control of asthmatic symptoms. It was found that the major factors for selecting a specific treatment include effectiveness, cost, and minimal side effects.

Comparative risk reduction of complications pertaining to polycystic ovarian syndrome by multiple treatment options.

The aim of study was to find effective treatment option which reduces the risk of complications among patients of polycystic-ovarian-syndrome. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January-2019 to December-2019. Data was collected from 200 patients that have visited hospitals and clinics located in Karachi. A questionnaire was used in the survey. Collected data was analyzed with SPSS-22. Hormonal-imbalance (p=0.0001), polycystic-ovaries (p=0.008), irregular-menstruation (p=0.0001), obesity (p=0.0001), diabetes (p=0.0001) and infertility (p=0.014) significantly treated by allopathic-medications. Hormonal-imbalance (p=0.025), polycystic-ovaries (p=0.0001), irregular-menstruation (p=0.0001), obesity (p=0.046), diabetes (p=0.001), acne (p=0.046), anxiety (p=0.014), depression (p=0.014) and eating disorder (p=0.046) significantly treated by homeopathic-medications. Polycystic-ovaries (p=0.0001), irregular-menstruation (p=0.0001), obesity (p=0.014), diabetes (p=0.0001) and acne (p=0.014) significantly treated by herbal-medications. Allopathic treatment was found effective in reducing risk of complication associated with PCOS; hormonal-imbalance (59%), hirsutism (42%), obesity (89%), diabetes (90%), hypertension (17%), infertility (60%) and anxiety (75%). Risk reduction of complications by Homeopathic treatment; polycystic-ovaries (54%), irregular menstruation (91%) and depression (43%). Combination treatment was found effective in reducing the risk of acne (43%) and eating disorder (100%). Allopathic treatment is effective in reducing the majority of risks of complications and the complications of polycystic-ovaries-syndrome can be significantly controlled with the homeopathic mode of treatment.

Anxiolytic, antidepressant and inhibitory effect on MAO isoenzymes by Bougainvillea glabra flower extract in rats.

Main aim of current study was to determine the anxiolytic and antidepressant potential of Bougainvillea glabra Extract (BVE). The effects were investigated by using Open-Field-Test (OFT), Light-and-Dark Model (LD), Hole-Board (HB) and Forced-Swimming-Test (FST). Different doses for BVE were given to Wistar-Rats and compared with Control and Diazepam. Data has been collected by simple observations of animal behaviors in mentioned models. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS-22 version. In OFT (number of squares travelled), significant differences noted between Control and BV100mg/kg (p=0.001), Diazepam and BV100mg/kg (p=0.0001), Diazepam and BV200mg/kg (p=0.015), Diazepam and BV300 mg/kg (p=0.002). In LD-Test, significant differences were noted between Control and BV100mg/kg, BV200mg/kg and BV300mg/kg (p=0.0001), Diazepam and BV100mg/kg, 200mg/kg (p=0.0001), Diazepam and BV300mg/kg (p=0.028). In HB-Test by head dips, significant differences noted between control group and BV100mg/kg and 200mg/kg (p=0.0001), Control group and BV300mg/kg (p=0.005). For number of head dips, significant differences noted between Diazepam and BV100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg (p=0.0001). In FST, significant differences were observed between Control group and BV100mg/kg, BV200mg/kg and BV300mg/kg (p=0.0001), Fluoxetine and BV100mg/kg, BV200mg/kg and BV300mg/kg (p=0.0001). It is observed that MAO-A and MAO-B are inhibited by BVE. Study demonstrates that BV flowers have anxiolytic and antidepressant activities.

A comparative study of the common complaints and secondary complications in patients of osteoarthritis on allopathic, homeopathic and herbal system of medicines.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis worldwide and progression of arthritis may lead to secondary complications. Osteoarthritis is the degradation of joint tissues from the effects of injury, grinding sensation and inflammation. There are three main systems of medicine including allopathic, homeopathic and herbal system for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Plants are the basis for traditional medicine which is still widely practiced today. The objective of the present study is to find out the complaints and secondary complications in patients of osteoarthritis on allopathic, homeopathic and herbal system of medicine. This study was conducted in Karachi from January 2019 to January 2020. Allopathic, Homeopathic and Herbal practitioners were consulted in the study (n=600, with= 200 in each study group). Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 version. Finding of the study suggest that after the treatment with allopathic medicines orthopaedician, family physician or rheumatologist / internal medicine specialist, there was no significant difference in complaints (Chi-square =0.598, p=0.742). Moreover, there was no significant difference in complications (Chi-square = 0.039, p=0.981). While treatment with homeopathic medicines either by orthologist or family physician significant difference in complaints were observed (Chi-square =4.86, p=0.027). The patient visiting family physicians have higher number of complications than orthologists. While treatment with herbal medicines either by orthologists or family physician there was significant difference in complaints. (Chi-square =5.404, p=0.020). The study reveals that there is no significant difference of complaints and complications in allopathic systems of medicine when treating osteoarthritis, while it is significant for homeopathic and herbal medicine.

Evaluation of the secondary complications in patients of type-ii diabetes mellitus (TIIDM) on allopathic, alternative or combination of medicine system: A cross sectional study.

Progression of diabetes mellitus may leads to secondary complications. Management of such complication is a major challenge for diabetologists. Objective of current study was to evaluate the development of chronic complications in patients of type-II diabetes by comparing their treatment options. This cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient facilities of Karachi from July 2017 to July 2018. 201 type -II DM patients were enrolled in the study. Study was divided into four arms of treatment; herbal, homeopathic, allopathic and combination. Outcome measures were development of acute and chronic complications. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 version. Finding of study reveals that relative risk reduction of diabetic coma is 50% (p=0.0001) with combination treatment, relative risk reduction of retinopathy is 52% (p=0001) with herbal treatment, relative risk reduction of nephropathy is 58% (p=0.0001) with combination treatment, relative risk reduction of hypertension is 49% (p=0.0001) with herbal treatment, relative risk reduction of myocardial infarction is 15% (p=0.0001) with herbal treatment and relative risk reduction of neuropathies is 27% (p=0.0001) with combination treatment and relative risk reduction of other complications is 12% with allopathic treatment (p=0.20). Finding of study reveals that risk of acute and chronic complications in type-II DM patients is low if they use either herbal system of medicine or combination of different systems of medicine.